Do you know of anyone who uses the truth to deceive (欺骗)? When someone tells you something that is true, but leaves out important information that should be included, he can give you a false picture.

   For example, some might say, “I just won a hundred dollars on the lottery (彩票). It was great. I took that dollar ticket back to the store and turned it in for one hundred dollars!”

   This guy’s a winner, right? Maybe, maybe not. We then discover that he bought $200 worth of tickets, and only one was a winner. He’s really a big loser!

   He didn’t say anything that was false, but he left out important information on purpose. That’s called a half-truth. Half-truths are not lies, but they are just as dishonest.

   Some politicians often use this trick. Let’s say that during Governor Smith’s last term, her state lost one million jobs and gained three million jobs. Then she seeks another term. One of her opponents(对手) says, “During Governor Smith’s term, the state lost one million jobs!” That’s true. However, and honest statement would have been, “During Governor Smith’s term, the state had a net gain of two million jobs.”

   Advertisers(广告商) will sometimes use half-truths. It’s against the law to make false statements so they try to mislead you with the truth. An advertisement might say, “Nine out of ten doctors advised their patients to take Yucky Pills to cure toothache.” It fails to mention that they only asked ten doctors and nine of them work for the Yucky Company.

   This kind of deception happens too often. It’s a sad fact of life: Lies are lies, and sometimes the truth can lie as well.

60. How much did the lottery winner lose?

     A. One hundred dollars.                               B. Two hundred dollars.

     C. Three hundred dollars.                              D. Four hundred dollars.

61. We may infer (推断) that the author believes people should _______.

     A. buy lottery tickets                                        B. make use of half-truths

C. not trust anything without careful thoughts     D. not trust the Yucky Company

62. What do the underline words “net gain” in Paragraph 5 mean?

     A. final increase.                                      B. big advantage.

     C. large share.                                        D. total loss.

63. What can we know from the example of the Yucky Pill advertisement?

A. False statements are easy to see through.

B. Half-truths are often used to mislead people.

C. Doctors like to act in advertisements.

D. Advertisements are based on facts.

  We lived in a technological society where most goods are mass-produced by unskilled labor. Because of this, most people think that craft(手艺) no longer exists.

    One of the ways these people wrongly support their view is by pointing to 100-year-old homes which are still solid, and arguing that it is the craftsmanship that is responsible for their durability(持久性). “Homes in those days were well-built,” they say. No doubt these homes were well-built, but what these people have done is mix up the quality of material used in the house with the quality of the craftsmanship.

    Homes today could be built to last just as long as those old homes if people were willing or able to pay the price. For example, more people can no longer afford solid oak stairways, although they were once fairly common in older homes. Nor can they afford the high labor cost of employing a carpenter to build the stairway. Yet if someone can pay the high cost, there are still plenty of carpenters around able to make those stairways. And not only would these carpenters know how to build them, they would probably do a better job than carpenters of old.

    One thing the modern carpenter has which enables him to do a better job is much more advanced tools. Such tools as laser beams and power planes help them lay out a house better and make more precision cuts on the wood. Also, it is not uncommon any more to find carpenters with college degrees and carpenters with a solid knowledge of mathematics, which would enable them to deal with more difficult house designs.

The problems of modern quality, then, really  boils down to the problem of material, for the modern carpenter is just as able to produce craftsmanship as the carpenter of fifty years ago, but only if given proper material.

60． Compared to the carpenters in the past, modern carpenters are _______.

  A. more successful           B. more learned

  C. more imaginative          D. more hardworking

61． What does the underlined word “they” (paragraph 2) refer to?

carpenters who are fond of oak stairways.

carpenters who have college degrees.

people who think highly of carpenters of old.

people who think that modern material is of low quality.

62． What does the third paragraph mainly discuss?

People in the past preferred to use oak to build stairways.

It is now expensive to employ a carpenter.

Modern houses last as long as the old one.

Good carpenters still exist in modern times.

63． What would be the best title for the text?

Is Craft Dead?

Craft, Back to life?

History of craftsmanship

Carpenters Today and Yesterday

About 90 percent of Chinese believe the polarization(分化) between the rich and poor is “serious” in China, according to a survey conducted by China Youth Daily. And more than 80 percent of the respondents(对象) surveyed said something must be done to narrow the expanding gap between the rich and poor, while 14.1 percent said it was necessary.

The polarization has aroused wide concern among the public in recent years. The State Development and Reform Commission(国家发改委) said the Gini Coefficient had reached 0.47 for China, up from o.29 two decades ago. Usually, a country with a number above 0.4 is warned to pay attention to the income inequality problem.

To find out the people’s view, the survey covered 10,250 respondents, between the ages of 20 and 30 with a college education and a monthly salary between 1,000 and 3,000 yuan. Surprisingly, most disagreed with the view of experts who claim the urban-rural difference is causing the widening gap. More than 70 percent of the respondents believed that “ the group of special interests” is the prime reason for the polarization, followed by “people in power” 68 percent, and “bosses” 50 percent.

Another unexpected finding is that almost all agreed that a good educational background and knowledge were not the decisive factors in gaining wealth. About 95 percent said rich people are not necessarily those who are able to speak English or have a college education.

Today in China, rich people , accounting for 10 percent of the population, control 45 percent of the total social fortune, and poor people, also 10 percent of the population, only control 1.5 percent, according to an investigation published by the National Bureau of Statistics last June.

67. It can be inferred that the Gini Coefficient ( in paragraph 2) would probably be ________.

   A. the unit used in advanced mathematics

   B. the degree of a country’s development

   C. the level of the citizen’s living standard

   D. a measure of income inequality

68. Experts hold the view that the main reason for the polarization is ________.

   A. the urban-rural difference

   B. the group of special interests

   C. the people in power

   D. the bosses

69. Which of the following can show the correct proportion of the social fortune

among

population?

70. What’s the best title of the passage?

   A. Close the Gap between the Rich and Poor

   B. Surveys conducted by Chins Youth Daily

   C. Higher education, Higher pay

   D. Rich-Poor Divide Serious, Study Finds

Watching television more than two hours a day early in life can lead to attention problems later in adolescence, according to a study released on Tuesday.

The roughly 40 percent increase in attention problems among heavy TV viewers was observed in both boys and girls. The link was established by a long-term study of the habits and behaviors of more than 1,000 children born in Dunedin, New Zealand, between April 1972 and March 1973.

The children aged 5 to 11 watched an average of 2.05 hours of weekday television. From age 13 to 15, time spent in front of the tube rose to an average of 3.1 hours a day.

"Those who watched more than two hours, and particularly those who watched more than three hours, of television per day during childhood had above-average symptoms of attention problems in adolescence," Carl Landhuis of the University of Otago in Dunedin wrote in his report, published in the journal Pediatrics.

Young children who watched a lot of television were more likely to continue the habit as they got older, but even if they did not the damage was done, the report said.

"This suggests that the effects of childhood viewing on attention may be long lasting," Landhuis wrote.

Landhuis offered several possible explanations for the association.

One was that the rapid scene changes common to many TV programs may over stimulate（刺激）the developing brain of a young child, and could make reality seem boring by comparison. "Hence, children who watch a lot of television may become less tolerant of slower-paced and more mundane tasks, such as school work," he wrote.

It was also possible that TV viewing may supplant other activities that promote concentration, such as reading, games, sports and play, he said.

Previous studies have linked the sedentary固定不动的）habit of TV watching among children to obesity and diabetes, and another study in the same journal cited the poor nutritional content of the overwhelming majority of food products advertised on the top-rated US. children's television shows.

Up to 98 percent of the TV ads promoting food products that were directed at children aged 2 through 11 "were high in either fat, sugar, or sodium," wrote Lisa Powell of the University of Illinois in Chicago.

56. The recent survey shows that _________.

A. watching TV can cause all kinds of diseases for children

B. Watching TV over 2 hours a day early in life can cause attention problems later in adolescence

C. TV sets have played an important part in our daily lives

D. watching TV has side effects on children’s future

57. People used to think that _________.

A. the sedentary habit of TV watching among children could easily lead to obesity and diabetes

B. watching TV more than 2 hours every day did good to children’s health

C. the children wasn’t patient with their homework because of watching TV too much

D. it was very important for children to watching TV early in life

58. The underlined word “Hence” means _________.

A. In that case     B. And yet     C. For this reason    D. On the contrary

59. In Landhuis’ opinion, _________.

A. how to develop children’s attention problems is a lasting problem

B. attention problems caused by watching TV during childhood may be hard to get rid of

C. the key of settling attention problems is not watching TV.

D. there shouldn’t have many food products ads on children's television shows

Poverty exists because our society is an unequal one, and there are plenty of political pressures to keep it that way. Any attempt to redistribute wealth and income in the United States will be opposed by powerful middle and upper class interests. People can be relatively rich only if others are relatively poor, and since power is concentrated in the hands of the rich, public policies will continue to reflect their interests rather than those of the poor.
　　As Herbert Gans has pointed out, poverty is actually functional form from the point of view of the non-poor. Poverty ensures that ‘dirty’ work gets done. If there were no poor people to clean floors and empty dustbins, these jobs would have to be rewarded with high incomes before anyone would touch them. Poverty creates jobs for many of the non-poor, such as police officers, welfare workers, and government officials. Poverty makes life easier for the rich by providing them with cooks, gardeners and other workers to perform basic work while their employers enjoy more pleasurable activities. Poverty provides a market for low-level goods and services, such as day-old bread, rundown automobiles. Poverty legitimizes (make legal) middle-class values. To the middle class, the fate of the poor---who are supposed to lack honesty, and a taste of hard work---only confirms the desirability of qualities the poor are thought to lack. Poverty also provides a group that can be made to absorb the costs of change. For example, the poor bear the pressure of unemployment and it’s their homes, not those of the wealthy, that are destroyed when a route has to be found for a new highway. It cannot be said that the wealthy keep the poor in poverty. It is just that poverty is an outcome of the American economic system, which the poor are politically powerless to influence or change.
67. The best title is ________________________.

A. Functions of Poverty                             B. Political Power in Poverty 

C. The Fate of the Poor                              D. An Unequal Society

68. Poverty exists in American society because ____________.

  A. the wealthy work hard and are glad to keep it　　

B. the majority of the non-poor are totally indifferent (not paying much attention) to it　

C. the rich are politically powerful while the poor are politically powerless　

D. the poor like the jobs that they’re supplied by the wealthy.
69. The poor take on ‘dirty work’ ___________________.   

A. under political pressure                                 B. for the high pay offered

C. as they are reasonably paid                            D. though ill-paid
70. The author thinks that _____________________.
  A. the poor lack such desirable qualities as honesty　　

B. the poor are not supposed to work hard　　

C. the poor are willing to bear the costs of change             D. none of the above

We find that bright children are seldom held back by mixed-ability teaching. On the contrary, both their knowledge and experience are enriched. We feel that there are many disadvantages in streaming(按能力分班) pupils. It does not consider the fact that children develop at different rates. It can have had effect on both the bright and the not-so-bright children. After all, it can be quite discouraging to be the bottom of the top grade.

Besides, it is rather unreal to grade people just according to their intellectual(智力) ability. This is only one aspect of their total personality. We care much about the development of all the pupils’ abilities to the full, not just their study ability. We also value personal qualities and social skills, and we find that mixed-ability teaching does good to these aspects of learning.

In our classrooms, we work in various ways. The pupils often work in groups; this gives them the chance to learn to work together, to share, and to develop leadership skills. They also learn how to deal with personal problems as well as learning how to think, to make decisions, to analyze(分析) an devaluate(评价) and to communicate effectively. The pupils learn from each other as well as from the teachers.

Sometimes the pupils work in pairs; sometimes they work on individual(个人) tasks, and they can do this at their own speed. They also have some formal class teaching when this is proper. We encourage our pupils to use the library, and we teach them the skills they need in order to do this well. An advanced pupil can do advanced work and it does not matter what age the child is. We expect our pupils to do their best, not their least, and we give them every encouragement to achieve this goal.

56. By “held back” in the first paragraph, the writer means “________”.

A. made to remain in the same class            B. forced to study in the lower class

C. drawn away form their studies         D. prevented from advancing

57. The writer’s purpose of writing this passage is to ________.

A. argue for teaching bright and not-so-bright pupils in the same class

B. advise pair work and group work for classroom activity

C. offer advice on the proper use of the library

D. tell us the importance of proper formal classroom teaching

58. What would be the best title for the text?

A. Pair work.       B. Group work.    C. Mixed-ability teaching    D. Individual tasks.