For the last 82 years, Sweden's Nobel Academy has decided who will receive the Nobel Prize in Literature, that means __36__ who will be raised from the great and the near great to the living for ever. __37__ today the Academy is coming under heavy criticism(批评) both from the without and from within. __38__ argue that the selection of the winners often has less to do with true __39__ ability than with the strange inside politics of the Academy and of Sweden itself. __40__ Ingmar Bjorksten, the cultural __41__ for one of the country's two major newspapers, the prize continues to represent " __42__ people call a very Swedish exercise: __43__ Swedish tastes."

The Academy has __44__ itself against such charges of provincialism(地方主义) in its selection by asserting(坚持) that __45__ physical distance from the great literary capitals of the world actually serves to __46__ the Academy from outside influences. This may be 47 , but criticsrespond that this very __48__ may also be responsible for the Academy's inability to notice true trends(倾向) in the __49__ world.

Regardless of concerns over the selection process, __50__ , it seems that the prize will continue to survive both as an indicator(指针) of the literature that we most __51__ praise, and as a __52__ that writers seek. If for no other reason, the prize will continue to be __53__ for the financial rewards that __54__ ; not only is the cash prize itself considerable, but it also dramatically increases __55__ of an author's books.

36. A. asking　 B. determining　 C. checking　 D. discovering

37. A. But　　　 B. So　　　　　　　　　C. Besides　　 D. Therefore

38. A. Anger　 B. Happiness　　　 C. Praises　　　 D. Critics

39. A. reading B. listening　　　　　　 C. writing　　　 D. speaking

40. A. Owing to B. As to　　　　　　 C. According to D. Referring to

41. A. editor　　　 B. reader　　　　　 C. writer　　　　　　 D. listener

42. A. how　　　　　B. where　　　　　 C. which　　　　　　 D. what

43. A. suggesting B. expressing　　 C. smelling　　　　　 D. exchanging

44. A. kept　　　　 B. defended　　　 C. stopped　　　　　 D. loved

45. A. his　　　　　　 B. one's　　　　　　 C. its　　　　　　　　　 D. her

46. A. persuade　 B. encourage　　　 C. fight　　　　　　　 D. protect

47. A. wrong　　　　B. similar　　　　　 C. false　　　　　　　　 D . true

48. A. distance　　　B. length　　　　　　 C. width　　　　　　　 D. number

49. A. literary　　　 B. space　　　　　　　C. art　　　　　　　　 D. movie

50. A. as well as　 B. however　　　　　C. in order that　 D. so that

51. A. hardly　　　　 B. highly　　　　　　 C. finally　　　　　　　 D. nearly

52. A. direction　　　 B. distance　　　 C. goal　　　　　　　　 D. suggestion

53. A. reasonable　 B. curious　　　　　 C. desirable　　　　 D. anxious

54. A. collect with　 B. give away　　　 C. set up　　　　　　 D. go with

55. A. sales　　　　　　 B. prizes　　　　　　　C. gifts　　　　　　　 D. praises

A refugee is a person who is unable or unwilling to return to their country because of a fear of persecution (迫害) based on their race, religion, nationality, political opinion or because they belong to a particular social group.

Why Do They Come?

Most refugees flee their country to escape armed conflict(冲突). They often leave with their families and apply for protection in another country. Many of them do not want to leave their own country but have no choice. The journeys they undertake to reach a safe place may be almost as risky as staying in their own country. Many never arrive.

To Help Or Not To Help?

There are an estimated 14 million refugees in the world. Some countries in the world, especially the rich, are firmly against allowing too many refugees coming into their countries. One worry is that there may be too many of them seeking protection therefore causing a great problem for these developed countries. Their next worry is resources. Another worry is the thought that the refugees might not be real. Also, the fact that the country they flee to is culturally different to their own makes the citizens of these developed nations feel that their culture is being stolen from them.

Criminal activity seems to be a growing concern. People worry that those who arrive penniless and without any documents might be criminals or involved in acts of terrorism(恐怖主义).

These negative(消极的) guesses are not true. First of all, numbers indicate that Asia and Africa has the world's highest influx(流入) of refugees. Secondly, most rich or developed countries' economy relies on these refugees as they are the ones who are often more than willing to do the kind of work that no one else would even think of. Finally, it is meaningless for the rich nations to claim that their culture is being stolen by refugees, considering that the refugees are in a minority there.

Perhaps politicians should remind themselves of the fact that these people should be treated humanely(仁慈地).

72. A refugee is a person who ________.

A. works for the UN

B. likes traveling to different countries

C. leaves their countries because they are afraid of being persecuted

D. goes to other countries to seek their good fortune

73. Which of the following statements is TRUE?

A. Traveling to another country is usually a pleasant journey for a refugee.

B. Refugees often apply for protection in their own countries.

C. Rich countries take more refugees than poor countries.

D. Successfully getting protection from other countries is becoming harder.

74. Which of the following statements is NOT the reason for the fact that rich countries always refuse refugees into their countries?

A. There may be too many refugees in their countries.

B. These refugees may steal their culture.

C. Many of them are not real refugees.

D. Refugees are the backbone(中坚) of their labour force.

75. What's the author's opinion according to the passage?

A. He is generally sympathetic towards refugees.

B. He is firmly against refugees coming into other countries.

C. He agrees to the point that refugees might become terrorists.

D. He thinks that refugees do great harm to developed countries'economy.

Besides providing an ideal environment for sea plants and animals to live in, seawater has other valuable properties, one of which is that it constantly moves. And its movements produce energy.

The most obvious movements are the waves and the tides. Wind causes the waves, and the gravitational pull of the moon and the sun causes the tides. In places like the Bay of Fundy in Canada, the difference between the high and low tide level can be as much as 40 feet.

France and Britain are now trying to use energy in the tides to produce electricity. Waves can produce electricity and some small-scale experiments are taking place to learn more about this. One of the most encouraging areas of research uses the difference between the temperature of seawater at the surface and deep down to produce electricity.

68. One of the valuable properties of seawater is that ________.

A. it has no plants in it

B. it pulls the sun and the moon

C. its movements produce energy

D. it feeds all kinds of animals

69. Waves and tides are caused by ________.

A. the same force B. different forces C. their own movements D. plants and animals

70. According to this passage, which of the following statements is NOT true?

A. The temperature difference of seawater can produce electricity.

B. The energy in the tides can produce electricity.

C. Waves can produce electricity.

D. The plants and animals in the ocean can produce electricity.

71. The passage is mainly about ________.

A. how to develop ocean areas

B. how waves and tides are caused

C. how to make use of energy of the seawater

D. how western countries are competing for using energy of the oceans

A blazing wildfire in Nevada has finally started to cool down. Firefighters have about 30 percent of the 7,200-acre fire under control.

"I think it's done its worst, I really think it has," said the fire-incident commander, Marty Scheuerman. "Now we can do our job."

The fire started on Wednesday and spread as high winds and dry air fueled the flames. Some flames reached as high as 100 feet. Although the cause of the fire is unknown, some officials suspect teenagers may have started it. Homes were destroyed, and the fire even came within a half mile of the Governor's house.

In the neighboring state of California, wildfire season got off to an early start. Five fires from four Southern California counties have already destroyed thousands of acres of land. Temperatures over 100 degrees and dry land aren't helping the situation. But slightly cooler weekend temperatures could give firefighters a break.

In Lake Hughes, a small community, residents(居民) help each other out when they see the first sign of smoke. "The minute a cloud of smoke starts anywhere in the area, that's when we start getting the phone calls," said a store owner, Linda Martin. "This is a pretty close community. Information travels very quickly, and if there's someone in distress or need, everyone's there."

So far this year, wildfires have burned 3.7 million acres in the nation. That's about three times more than this time last year.

64. ________ cause wildfires to spread.

A. Teenagers and some officials

B. High temperatures and wet lands

C. Firefighters' break and cooler weekends

D. High winds and dry air

65. What condition makes wildfires easier to control?

A. Wet climate. B. High winds. C. Dry air. D. High temperatures.

66. The passage suggests that ________.

A. Lake Hughes has already been destroyed because it is pretty close to the wildfire

B. Lake Hughes has kept safe from the wildfire because people there show close concern for it

C. wildfires spread very quickly in Lake Hughes and the people there try to fight against them

D. wildfires in Lake Hughes are difficult to control because the people there aren't very helpful

67. It can be concluded that ________.

A. the weather in Nevada and California may be drier than it has ever been for this time of year

B. the wildfire in Nevada has completely been put out because of the cool weather

C. wildfires this year have resulted in the loss of 3.7 million dollars in the U.S.

D. last year could be the worst fire year that has been seen in the U.S. history

Munich (慕尼黑), September 1972. It is past midnight. The Olympic basketball final between the United States and the Soviet Union is about to finish. There are six minutes left. The American team has never lost a match in the Olympics, but now America is losing by six points.

The Americans make one last effort. The lead is now only one point. The clock shows thirty seconds left. The Russians carefully defend their lead. Then the American Doug Collins gets the ball and seems certain to score. He is fouled. America has two free shots. The clock shows three seconds left. It is the most exciting match the crowd has ever seen.Collins scores both shots and America takes the lead. The game is over, and America has the gold. Then something unexpected happens. The timer(计时员) says there are still three seconds left to play. The game starts again, and Russia scores in the last second. Nobody can believe it. The Russian players jump for joy.

The 1972 basketball final was one of the most exciting moments in the long history of the Olympic sports.

60. When there were six minutes left for the match ________.

A. the Russians' score was six points

B. the Americans' score was six points

C. the Americans' score was higher than that of the Russians'

D. the Russians' score was higher than that of the Americans'

61. When there was half a minute left the Russians ________ .

A. lost one point

B. scored another point

C. was one point ahead

D. was one point behind

62. Which of the following statements is TRUE?

A. At last America won the match.

B. At last Russia won the match.

C. The match was very boring.

D. Nobody liked this basketball match.

63. The writer thought that the match was one of the most exciting moments in the long history of the Olympic sports mainly because ________.

A. both teams were strong and the scores were very high

B. Doug Collins scored two surprising points within three seconds

C. the winner and loser kept changing places unexpectedly within the last seconds

D. the team that had never lost a match in former Olympics was finally beaten

In 1960 Khrushchev headed a group to visit Indonesia and was warmly treated by his hosts. Once in Jakarta the hosts treated the guests to a special fruit, the durian(榴莲果). President Sukarno picked one, took a bite and handed it to Khrushchev. Just then, Khrushchev noticed that all the Indonesians present were staring at him, whispering. Obviously something funny was going to happen. Puzzled, he took over the fruit and immediately a very terrible smell attacked his nose, which nearly made him sick. Being a good guest, he braced himself up and took a small bite with great care. To his surprise, he found the fruit to be uncommonly delicious. He was so impressed by this strange fruit that he decided to let his colleagues (同事) in Moscow have a taste of it too. So he sent by air one share for each member of the Presidium. The plane was to pass New Dehli and Kabul and Khrushchev didn't forget his friends in India and Afghanistan. He also wanted Prime Minister Nehru and the king of Afghanistan to taste this fruit.

When Khrushchev returned to Moscow, his colleagues all thanked him for his kind gifts, but at the same time they pointed out that either because the plane must have been delayed on the way or because of some other reasons, all the fruit had gone bad. They had to throw them away because they gave out an awful smell. Later Khrushchev received similar messages of thanks from his friends in India and Afghanistan, only the messages were more skillfully worded.

56. What did Khrushchev notice when Sukarno presented a durian to him?

A. The fruit had a sweet smell.

B. He became the centre of the people's attention.

C. He was made fun of by the Indonesians.

D. There was something wrong with his nose.

57. Which of the following statements can describe the special fruit?

A. Ugly-looking but extremely tasty.

B. Unpleasant to nose but delicious to mouth.

C. Uncommonly delicious and sweet.

D. Not only delicious but also good-looking.

58. Why did Khrushchev decide to send durians to his colleagues?

A. He wanted to make fun of them.

B. To show his kindness and consideration.

C. To see whether his colleagues would like the taste of it.

D. He was impressed by the fruit, so he wanted his colleagues to taste it too.

59. What can we infer from the passage?

A. The fruit durian is uncommonly delicious but easy to go bad.

B. All delicious fruits can be accepted at once by various people.

C. His colleagues and friends didn't know the taste of the fruit.

D. One man's meat is another man's poison.

"Are you too stupid to do anything right?"These words-said by a woman to a little boy who was obviously her son-were spoken __36__ he had walked away from her. The boy returned, his eyes downcast.

Not a __37__ moment, perhaps. __38__ small moments sometimes last a very long time. And a few words-though they mean __39__ at the time to the people who say them-can have great __40__.

I recently heard a story from a man named Malcolm Dalkoff. For the last 24 years he has been a professional __41__. Here is what he told me:

As a boy in Rock Island, Dalkoff was terribly __42__. He had few __43__ and no self-confidence (自信心). One day, his English teacher, Ruth Brauch, gave the class an assignment(作业). The students had been reading To Kill a Mockingbird. Now they were to write their own chapter that would __44__ the last chapter of the novel. Dalkoff wrote his chapter and turned it __45__. Today he can not recall (回忆起) anything __46__ about the chapter he wrote, or what __47__ Mrs. Brauch gave him. What he does remember is the four words Mrs. Brauch wrote in the margin (空白处) of the paper, "This is __48__ writing."

Four words. They __49__ his life.

"__50__ I read those words, I had no idea of who I was or __51__ I was going to be," he said. "After reading her note, I went home and wrote a short story, something I had always been __52__ of doing but never believed I could do."

Over the rest of that year in school, he wrote many short stories and always brought them to school for Mrs. Brauch to evaluate (评价). She was __53__, tough and honest. "She was just what I__54__,"Dalkoff said.

His confidence__55__. Dalkoff believes that none of this would have happened had that woman not written those four words in the margin of his paper.

36. A. what B. which C. because D. who

37. A. wonderful B. difficult C. funny D. big

38. A. Yet B. Although C. Though D. Therefore

39. A. much B. little C. more D. most

40. A. way B. power C. means D. sense

41. A. writer B. player C. poet D. singer

42. A. sorry B. proud C. sick D. shy

43. A. books B. ideas C. friends D. chances

44. A. follow B. rise C. decide D. lift

45. A. on B. in C. out D. down

46. A. easy B. again C. special D. different

47. A. prices B. remarks C. prizes D. grades

48. A. poor B. serious C. good D. silly

49. A. changed B. damaged C. decreased D. increased

50. A. After B. Until C. When D. While

51. A. what B. how C. where D. which

52. A. tired B. caring C. proud D. dreaming

53. A. strict B. silly C. encouraging D. foolish

54. A. feared B. needed C. hated D. terrified

55. A. grew B. seemed C. appeared D. returned

Because plants cannot move or talk, most people believe that they have no feelings and that they cannot receive signals from outside. However, this may not be completely true.

People who studied plants have found out that plants carry a small electrical charge(电荷). It is possible to measure this charge with a small piece of equipment called "galvanometer" (检流计). The galvanometer is placed on a leaf of the plant, and it records some changes in the electrical field of the leaf. Humans have a similar field which can change when we are shocked or frightened.

A man called Backster used a galvanometer for his studies of plants and was very surprised at his results. He found that if he had two or more plants in a room and he began to destroy one of them-perhaps by pulling off its leaves or by pulling it out of its pot then the galvanometer on the leaves of the other plants showed a change in the electrical field. It seemed as if the plants were signalling a feeling of shock. This happened not only when Backster started to destroy plants, but also when he destroyed other living things such as insects.

Another scientist, named Sauvin, achieved similar results to Backster's. He kept galvanometers fixed to his plants all the time and checked regularly to see what the plants were doing. If he was out of the office, he telephoned to find out about the signals the plants were sending. In this way, he found that the plants were sending out signals at the exact times when he felt strong pleasure or pain. In fact, Sauvin could cause a change in the electrical field of his plants over a distance of a few miles simply by thinking about them.

72. Backster was surprised at the results of his studies because ________.

A. he destroyed an insect

B. he destroyed a plant by pulling off its leaves

C. he found that plants could express feelings of shock

D. he found that plants could move and speak

73. The plants sent out signals ________.

A. only when Backster started to destroy plants

B. when Backster destroyed plants or other living things

C. only when Backster destroyed insects

D. only when Backster placed the galvanometer on the insects

74. The scientist called Sauvin ________.

A. did not agree with Backster's ideas

B. did not get the same sort of results as Backster did

C. got different results from Backster's

D. found out some of the same things that Backster did

75. Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the passage?

A. Plants don't carry the electrical charge.

B. A tree will signal when it has been cut down.

C. Sauvin could make his plants send out signals some distance away.

D. Plants have no feelings because they have no life.

Before Johann Guttenburg developed the printing press in 1437, news traveled by word of mouth. This meant that information was slow to reach the public and that details (细节; 详情) changed as news spread from one person to the next. Printed matter, such as newspapers, made it possible for information to be gathered in a central office and for news to be written more accurately (准确地). In 1844 Samuel Morse made a system of sending coded messages through electric wires perfect, founding an early form of long-distance communication (通讯). The work of communications was developed in 1858 through the work of Julius von Reuter, who made newspapers reach different countries by telegraphing. With each of these developments, the public wondered at the cleverness of the communication pioneers and asked, "What will they think of next?"

"They" thought of plenty. Alexander Graham Bell had the idea of passing speech by electrical impulses and invented the first telephone in 1876. The invention of the "wireless" by Guglielmo Marconi in 1895 made the way for modern-day radio transmission. VK Zworykin worked on one of the first televisions in 1928.

Communications reached new heights when televisions were mass produced in the 1950s. In 1962 the first communication satellite, made people see live broadcast from anywhere in the world. Underground and underwater cables (电缆) also send on programs from one area to another. Telecommunications and computer networking are of big advances of our times and mean even greater developments to come.

68. The main idea of the passage is ________.

A. it is not easy to use modern ways of communication

B. so many people didn't succeed in developing the means of communication

C. the means of communication have gone through many stages (阶段) before they are perfected

D. the development of history has lasted such a long time

69. Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the passage?

A. The first word "They" in the 2nd paragraph refers to scientists.

B. Alexander Graham Bell gave the first speech in 1876.

C. The printing press was perfected in the eleventh century.

D. Since many means of communication have been developed, a great number of people needn't read newspapers.

70. The beginning of the long-distance communication was ________.

A. sending messages by word of mouth

B. when people see programmes at the time of performances

C. in the nineteenth century

D. when the "wireless" was invented

71. Telecommunications and computer networking ________.

A. mean there will be greater development

B. show the 18th century's means are perfect

C. mean modern society has developed from one area to another

D. show people's life can be worse and worse

Social insects live in the form of societies which in some ways are similar to human societies. In both types of societies there is a division of labour. In insect societies certain insects have the duty of reproduction (繁殖); the workers collect food while the soldiers defend the land. In the same way human groups such as farmers and shopkeepers have specialized functions (作用) in producing goods and providing services to the society.

Insects and human societies are also alike in that individual (个体的) members of the society work together. White ant workers work together to build nests. Similarly, in human societies engineers, architects (建筑师), town planners and construction workers unite to build cities.

The nests of social insects are as complex (复杂的) as a man-made city. In some insect nests special places are provided for the young and for food storage. Many nests also have devices for regulating the temperature. So insect nests are as functional as human houses.

It is not surprising, therefore, that many similarities have been made between social insects and human societies. It must not be forgotten, however, that insect social behavior is determined by nature. Insects show no ability for learning or for developing a social tradition based on learning.

64. Mentioned in the passage, the functions performed by social insects are ________.

A. reproduction, collecting food and building nests, etc.

B. reproduction of food, defending the land and building nests, etc.

C. producing food, defending the land and nursing babies, etc.

D. reproduction of food, providing services and defending the land, etc.

65. The second paragraph tells us that ________.

A. engineers, architects, town planners and construction workers don't have to work together to build a city

B. white ant workers work together in the same way as nurses do

C. in both societies there is social co-operation (合作)

D. white ant workers unite in order to defend the land

66. Human and insect societies are different in that ________.

A. different groups have different traditions

B. insect social behavior is determined by nature while human societies have developed a social tradition based on learning

C. human beings can make many similarities

D. human beings can make machines while insects can't

67. The main idea of this passage is ________.

A. the similarities between social insects and human societies

B. the complex nests of social insects

C. the functions performed by social insects

D. the cause of insect social behavior