Cause and effect is one way to explain things that happen around us. Many things happen because something caused or influenced them to happen. Sometimes it is hard to look at a cause and find out what causes the effect. It may help you to start with the effect and use your reasoning(推理的) skills. Think about all the things you know that could be reasons for the effect you can see.

   For example, you may see someone putting on a heavy jacket. This is the effect. To look for a cause, think to yourself, “What would make someone put on a heavy jacket?” Maybe the person works in the penguin pen(企鹅圈养地) at a Sea World. Maybe the person is going to visit an ice skating rink where the air is kept very cold. All of these things could be a cause for putting on a heavy jacket.

   Now, think about a second example. The effect is a boy named Abi has to go to the head teacher’s office. What are the possible causes? Maybe he bullied(欺负)another student. Maybe he is just being picked up early. Maybe he is being given a prize!

   Here is another example for you to think about its cause and effect. Cait, 13, was trying to fall asleep when her 8-year-old brother,Doug, came into her room. He looked around a bit, but seemed really out of it. Then Doug went back into the hallway and stood there looking straight up at the hall light for quite a while. Little brothers can be very strange, this was really much too strange. Cait didn’t know what to do. Just then, Cait’s father appeared and explained that Doug was sleepwalking. What’s the cause and effect, could you tell?

41. According to the second paragraph, which of the following is an effect?

A.      Someone will go outside into cold weather.

B.      Someone works in the penguin pen.

C.     Someone puts on a heavy jacket.

D.     Someone will go to visit an ice skating rink.

42. Abi has to go to the head teacher’s office. Which of the following isn’t the possible  cause?

       A. He bullied another student.     B. He is going shopping.

       C. He is being picked up early.      D. He is being given a prize.

43. What was Doug doing when his sister Cait tried to fall asleep?

       A. He was going outside         B. He was reading a story.

       C. He was leep walking.              D. He was looking for his dad.

44. Which of the following is cause and effect?

A.      Tony got up and had a glass of water.

B.      We came home and found him sleeping.

C.     The ball was lost and a window was broken.

D.     Tim was late again and his teacher got angry.

45. What is the best title for the text?

     A. Truth and lies   B. Work and sleep 

     C. Cause and effect  D. Life and dreams

     Lu Xun is one of the greatest Chinese writers of the 20^th century. Besides his famous stories, he also wrote many influential articles about the living conditions of Chinese people.

     Born in 1881 to a wealthy family, Lu Xun had a happy childhood. In 1893, however, his grandfather, a senior government official, was put into prison for taking money. At the same time, his father became seriously ill. From that time on, his family were no longer accepted by their relatives and friends. These early experiences greatly influenced his writing.

     By the time Lu Xun arrived in Nanjing to study at university in 1899, he already believed that Chinese society had to change and become modern. In 1902 he went to study in Japan. There, he began writing articles for several Chinese student magazines. He showed a gift for writing and translating and he even wrote several books, although none was popular. He returned to China in 1909 because he was in need of money.

     After working for several years as a teacher in Beijing, Lu Xun again returned to writing. In 1918, he wrote his famous short story Diary of a Madman. It was the first Chinese novel published using the everyday language that people spoke, which helped make it a great success. This, together with his novel The True Story of Ah Q (1921), made Lu Xun a leading Chinese writer.

     Although successful, Lu Xun still worried greatly about China’s future. In 1926, he moved to Shanghai and gave up writing stories in order to devote himself to what he called “pen warfare”. He now only wrote articles which called on the people to fight against the government. For this, the government stopped him from publishing any more books. He was forced to write his articles using false names.

Since his death in 1936, Lu Xun’s importance and influence have grown. Today, many of his writings are included in school textbooks and his works are read by millions around the world.

36. Which of the following greatly influenced Lu Xun’s writing according to the passage?

   A. The people he met in Japan.

   B. Working as a teacher in Beijing.

   C. The experiences in his early life.

   D. His father’s being put into prison.

37. According to the passage, why was Lu Xun’s story Diary of a Madman so popular?

   A. It was based on Lu Xun’s diary.

   B. It was the first novel to use everyday language.

   C. Its story took place in modern times.

   D. It was written using a western style.

38. The underlined word “This” (Paragraph 4) refers to      .

   A. the success of Diary of a Madman

   B. the use of everyday language

   C. the first Chinese novel

   D. The True Story of Ah Q

39. After moving to Shanghai, Lu Xun mainly wrote       .

   A. funny stories

   B. articles about himself

   C. articles against the government

   D. stories about government officials

40. In what order did these events take place in Lu Xun’s life?

   a. The government stopped him from publishing books.

   b. He wrote Diary of a Madman.

   c. His father became ill.

   d. He moved to Shanghai.

   e. His writings were put into textbooks.

  A. c-a-b-d-e     B. c-b-d-a-e

  C. a-c-d-b-e     D. a-d-b-c-e

Once when I was a teenager, my father and I were standing in line to buy tickets for the circus. Finally, there was only one family between the ticket office and us. This family made a big impression on me.

       There were eight children, all probably under the age of 12. You could tell they didn’t have a lot of money. Their clothes were not expensive, but they were clean. The children talked excitedly about the clowns. It was clearly a very important day out for them. The father and mother seemed happy as they could be.

       The tickets lady asked how many tickets the father wanted, he proudly answered, “Please let me buy eight children’s tickets and two adults’ tickets, so I can take my family to the circus.”

       The ticket lady told him the price.

       The man’s wife lowered her head. There was no longer a smile on the man’s face. He quietly asked, “How much did you say?”

       The ticket lady again told him the price.

       The man obviously didn’t have enough money. But how could he tell his kids the bad news?

       Seeing what was happening, my dad took a $20 note from his pocket and dropped in on the ground. (We were not rich ourselves at all!) He then tapped the man on the shoulder and said, “Excuse me, sir, you dropped this.”

       The man understood my father was helping him. He picked up the money, looked straight into my dad’s eyes, and in tears replied. “Thank you. This really means a lot to me and my family.”

       Although we did not go to the circus that night, we didn’t go without.

31. Why does the writer say “Their clothes were not expensive, but they were clean” ( Paragraph 2)?

A. To show how rich the family were.

B. To show cheap clothes could be popular.

C. To show how hard the mother worked.

D. To show the children were well looked after.

32. Why was the poor man unhappy after he spoke with the ticket lady?

A. He had lost his money.                 B. His children were noisy.

C. The tickets were sold out.                   D. The tickets were too expensive.

33. Who did the $20 note belong to?

A. The poor man         .                    B. The writer’s father.

C. The poor man’s wife.                           D. The ticket lady.

34. Why was the poor man in tears at the end of the story?

A. He found the money he lost.         B. He wanted others to help him.

C. He made his children unhappy.           D. He was thankful for the kindness.

35. Which of the following statements is probably true according to the passage?

A. The poor mans saw the circus that night.                

B. The two families became close friends.

C. The writer’s father earned some money.

D. The writer saw the circs that night.

  One of my fondest Christmas memories was also one of our family’s bleakest（最令人沮丧的）.We were just little kids , and on Christmas Day mom  16  us all around her to tell us ,  17  ,that there would be no presents because all we really wanted was to  18  for our daddy.He was very sick . I don’t remember anything else except four little girls surrounding my mother, crying   19  a miracle（奇迹）

  At that very moment ,someone   20  loudly on the door.  21  Behind him was a merry group of soldiers from the Army base where my father   22  as a minister . News had  23   that we were in trouble ,and his colleagues knew we needed some  24  .

  With all the excitement ,even my dad  25   in a blanket to keep warm , came down and sat in front of a roaring fire in our room to watch his children be  26  by good Samaritans（乐善好施的人）. The presents were unwrapped , and we girls  27   packages and found a doll each and four board games.

  What is  28   to me is that I don’t even remember what sickness my father was suffering from.I 29   remember an evening of laughter and  30   There were no expensive toys but priceless moments of friendship and fun given by young men who knew that a family was having a(n) rough time . They gave their time and their attention to little children who needed to laugh.

  The most important thing in life aren’t things . And what about the true  spirit of holidays ? I hope we all are able to remember a thing about the holidays that stirs(搅动)our heart , that isn’t really a thing at all, but the smile on a child’s face because we take a moment to hug or wipe away a tear.

16A requested  B  gathered    C commanded D  recommended

17A in tears    B  in doubt     C  in silence  D  in surprise

18A apply     B   pray        C  pay      D  ask

19A to        B   with       C   for       D  in

20A knocked   B  beat        C   tapped    D  struck

21A Fighting   B  Shooting    C   Following   D Running

22A charged   B   existed     C   worked     D governed

23A expanded  B   spread     C   distributed  D  disappeared

24A confidence  B  cheer      C   trust       D  wisdom

25A dressed    B   attached    C   trapped    D   wrapped

26A persuaded  B   saved      C   taught     D   entertained

27A discovered  B  sought      C   unfolded   D  packed

28A strange     B   frightening  C   useful     D   encouraging

29A seldom     B   just        C   even      D   hardly

30A anxiety   B   surprise     C   doubt     D   happiness

 —What has ________ done since 1989?.

—It has built many schools for poor children .

A. Hope Project        B. project hope              

C. hope project             D. Project Hope

 —Thank you for your help. 

— ___________.

A. That is right     B. That is all right    C. Help yourself     D. With pleasure

  —Has anyone taught him how to do it?

—Sure. Lots of advice________, but he hasn’t made a decision.

      A. gave      B. was given   C. have been given   D. has been given

—The spacecraft has never been to the moon, ________ ?

—Certainly.

A. has it　　　　 B. hasn’t it　　　 C. doesn’t it　　　 D. isn’t it

 —Miss Li has taught ____ English for about 3years.

 —You are lucky. ____ is a very good teacher.

A. ours, She         B. our, He        C. us, He     D. us, She

 —How long has John been here? 

— Two years, _______ he still has no friends.

A. and            B. so             C. but           D. or