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    科目： 来源： 题型：阅读理解

    Increasingly ,over the past ten years ,people—especially young people—have become aware of the need to change their eating habits ,because much of the food they eat ,particularly processed foods ,is not good for the health .As a result ,there has been a growing interest in natural foods :foods which do not contain chemical fertilizers ,widely used in farming today .
    Natural foods ,for example ,are vegetables ,fruit and grain which have been grown in soil that is rich in organic(有机的)matter . In simple terms ,this means that the soil has been nourished by unused vegetable matter ,which provides it with essential vitamins and minerals. This in itself is a natural process compared with the use of chemicals and fertilizers , the main purpose of which is to increase the amount—but not the quality—of food grown in commercial farming areas .
    Natural foods also include animals which have been allowed to feed and move freely in healthy grassland for cattle .Compare this with what happens in the mass production of poultry (家禽):there are battery farms ,for example ,where thousands of chickens live crowded together in one building and are fed on food which is little better than rubbish .Chickens kept in this way are not only tasteless as food; they also produce eggs which lack important vitamins .
    There are other things of healthy eating which are now receiving increasing attention from experts on diet .Take ,for example ,the question of sugar .This is actually a non-essential food! Although another natural food ,such as honey ,can be used to sweeten food if this is necessary ,we can in fact do without it .It is not that sugar is harmful in itself .But it does seem to be addictive : the quantity we use has grown steadily over the last two centuries and in Britain today each person consumes an average of 200 pounds a year !Yet all it does is provide us with energy ,in the form of calories .There are no vitamins in it ,no minerals ,and no fibre .
    It’s very important that nowadays fibre is considered to be an important part of a healthy diet .In white bread ,for example ,the fibre has been removed .But it is present in unrefined flour and of course in vegetables .It is interesting to note that in countries where the national diet contains large quantities of unrefined flour and vegetables ,certain diseases are comparatively not often seen .For this reason ,the importance is placed on the eating of wholemeal(没有去麸的面粉)bread and more vegetables by modern experts on “healthy eating”.

    1. 1.

      People have become more interested in natural foods because            .

      1. A.
        they want to keep fit
      2. B.
        they want to taste all kinds of foods
      3. C.
        natural foods are more delicious than processed foods
      4. D.
        they want to return to nature
    2. 2.

      Chickens raised in poultry farms are all of the following EXCEPT that           .

      1. A.
        they are fed on food which is little better than garbage
      2. B.
        they live in very crowed condition
      3. C.
        the eggs they produce lack vitamins
      4. D.
        they are allowed to move about and eat freely
    3. 3.

      According to the passage,_________.

      1. A.
        people need sugar to give them energy
      2. B.
        sugar is bad for the health
      3. C.
        the use of sugar is habit forming
      4. D.
        sugar only sweetens food, but provides us with nothing useful

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    科目： 来源： 题型：阅读理解

    Decision-making under Stress
    A new review based on a research shows that acute stress affects the way the brain considers the advantages and disadvantages, causing it to focus on pleasure and ignore the possible negative (负面的) consequences of a decision.
    The research suggests that stress may change the way people make choices in predictable ways.
    “Stress affects how people learn,” says Professor Mara Mather. “People learn better about positive than negative outcomes under stress.”
    For example, two recent studies looked at how people learned to connect images(影像) with either rewards or punishments. In one experiment, some of the participants were first stressed by having to give a speech and do difficult math problems in front of an audience; in the other, some were stressed by having to keep their hands in ice water. In both cases, the stressed participants remembered the rewarded material more accurately and the punished material less accurately than those who hadn’t gone through the stress.
    This phenomenon is likely not surprising to anyone who has tried to resist eating cookies or smoking a cigarette while under stress –at those moments, only the pleasure associated with such activities comes to mind. But the findings further suggest that stress may bring about a double effect. Not only are rewarding experiences remembered better, but negative consequences are also easily recalled.
    The research also found that stress appears to affect decision-making differently in men and women. While both men and women tend to focus on rewards and less on consequences under stress, their responses to risk turn out to be different.
    Men who had been stressed by the cold-water task tended to take more risks in the experiment while women responded in the opposite way. In stressful situations in which risk-taking can pay off big, men may tend to do better, when caution weighs more, however, women will win.
    This tendency to slow down and become more cautious when decisions are risky might also help explain why women are less likely to become addicted than men: they may more often avoid making the risky choices that eventually harden into addiction.

    1. 1.

      We can learn from the passage that people under pressure tend to ______.

      1. A.
        keep rewards better in their memory
      2. B.
        recall consequences more effortlessly
      3. C.
        make risky decisions more frequently
      4. D.
        learn a subject more effectively
    2. 2.

      According to the research, stress affects people most probably in their ______.

      1. A.
        ways of making choices
      2. B.
        preference for pleasure
      3. C.
        tolerance of punishments
      4. D.
        responses to suggestions
    3. 3.

      The research has proved that in a stressful situation, ______.

      1. A.
        women find it easier to fall into certain habits
      2. B.
        men have a greater tendency to slow down
      3. C.
        women focus more on outcomes
      4. D.
        men are more likely to take risks

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    科目： 来源： 题型：阅读理解

    Since 1989, Dave Thomas, who died at age 69, was one of the most recognizable faces on TV. He appeared in more than 800 commercials (商业广告) for the hamburger chain named for his daughter. “As long as it works," he said in 1991, “I’ll continue to do those commercials."
    Even though he was successful, Thomas remained troubled by his childhood. “He still won’t let anyone see his feet, which are out of shape because he never had proper fitting shoes," Wendy said in 1993. Born to a single mother, he was adopted(收养) as a baby by Rex and Auleva Thomas of Kalamazoo in Michigan. After Auleva died when he was 5, Thomas spent years on the road as Rex traveled around seeking construction work. “He fed me," Thomas said, “and if I got out of line, he’d beat me."
    Moving out on his own at 15, Thomas worked, first as a waiter, in many restaurants. But he had something much better in mind. “I thought if I owned a restaurant," he said, “I could eat for free." A 1956 meeting with Harland Sanders led Thomas to a career as the manager of a Kentucky Fried Chicken restaurant that made him a millionaire in 1968.
    In 1969, after breaking with Sanders, Thomas started the first Wendy’s Old Fashioned Hamburgers, in Columbus, Ohio, which set itself apart by serving made to order burgers. With 6,000 restaurants worldwide, the chain now makes $ 6 billion a year in sales.
    Although troubled by his own experience with adoption, Thomas, married since 1954 to Lorraine, 66, and with four grown kids besides Wendy, felt it could offer a future for other children. He started the Dave Thomas Foundation (基金会) for Adoption in 1992.
    In 1993, Thomas, who had left school at 15, graduated from Coconut Creek High School in Florida. He even took Lorraine to the graduation dance party. The kids voted him Most Likely to Succeed.
    “The Dave you saw on TV was the real Dave," says friend Pat Williams. “He wasn’t a great actor or a great speaker. He was just Joe Everybody."

    1. 1.

      What is the article mainly about?

      1. A.
        The life of Dave Thomas
      2. B.
        The dream of Dave Thomas
      3. C.
        The schooling of Dave Thomas
      4. D.
        The growth of Dave Thomas’s business
    2. 2.

      What do we know about his childhood?

      1. A.
        He lived a poor life
      2. B.
        He had caring parents
      3. C.
        He stayed in one place
      4. D.
        He didn’t go to school
    3. 3.

      Choose the right time order of the following events in Thomas’s life.
      a. graduated from high school          b. started his own business
      c. became a millionaire               d. started a foundation
      e. met Harland Sanders

      1. A.
        e，b，c，d，a，
      2. B.
        a，e，c，b，d，
      3. C.
        e，c，b，d，a，
      4. D.
        a，e，b，c，d,
    4. 4.

      “He was just Joe Everybody." (in the last paragraph) means  _______

      1. A.
        Dave was famous
      2. B.
        Dave was ordinary
      3. C.
        Dave was showy
      4. D.
        Dave was shy
    5. 5.

      What is the name of Dave Thomas’s business?

      1. A.
        Thomas’s
      2. B.
        Wendy’s
      3. C.
        Lorraine’s
      4. D.
        Rex’s

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    科目： 来源： 题型：阅读理解

    Welcome every morning with a smile. Let your first hour set the theme of success and positive action that is certain to echo through your entire day. Today will never happen again. Don’t waste it with a false start or no start at all. You were not born to fail.
    Starting the day right can give good momentum (动力) for the rest of the day. Having a power morning is a key factor for a fruitful day. Here are some tips on getting the most out of the morning.
    Wake up early. In theory, there’s no difference in waking up early or late as long as you get the proper amount of sleep. However, there is a psychological advantage when you wake up earlier than the average person and then you’ll have more time to do preparation before engaging in the real world.
    Exercise. Good health is always a benefit with exercise, but studies have also shown that morning exercise helps you to sleep better at nights.
    Eat breakfast. It’s the most important meal of the day. According to the Mayo Clinic, we should choose three from the following four: fruits and vegetables, grains, dairy, and protein. Did you know that you can actually gain weight when you skip breakfast?
    Take a shower. When you shower, do you do it in the morning or at night? I used to shower in the evenings, but I found that morning showers helped me to be more alert.
    Prioritize (优先) your To-Do list. Leo coined the acronym MIT to mean “most important tasks.” Our to-do list might be never ending, but put on top of the list a couple of urgent tasks that will define the day to be a successful one.
    Check your emails. Only once. Getting a lot of emails can be very distractive. You actually are more productive when you check them only a few times at fixed time of the day. I only do them 2-3 times a day—once in the morning, once at lunch, and one more as it gets toward the end of the day.

    1. 1.

      The purpose for the author to write this passage is to       .

      1. A.
        tell you to get up early every day
      2. B.
        offer you the best way to start the day
      3. C.
        give you advice about how to arrange a day
      4. D.
        advise you to prioritize your to-do list every morning
    2. 2.

      If you don’t have breakfast, you may       .

      1. A.
        lose weight.
      2. B.
        be productive.
      3. C.
        put on weight.
      4. D.
        be more alert.
    3. 3.

      The underlined word “coined” in Paragraph 6 means       .

      1. A.
        invented
      2. B.
        designed
      3. C.
        founded
      4. D.
        defined
    4. 4.

      The author advises you to check your emails only once because       .

      1. A.
        the emails are not important
      2. B.
        reading e-mails is distractive
      3. C.
        you can only read e-mails at fixed time
      4. D.
        getting so many emails can distract your attention

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    科目： 来源： 题型：单选题

    Are you ________ of the mistakes you made in your final English test?


    1. A.
      awared
    2. B.
      unforgettable
    3. C.
      awaring
    4. D.
      aware

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    科目： 来源： 题型：单选题

    The cunning fox tricked the little rabbit _________ picking up the carrots in the field and then caught it.


    1. A.
      on
    2. B.
      into
    3. C.
      along
    4. D.
      to

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    科目： 来源： 题型：单选题

    The book was his greatest success; with it he ______.


    1. A.
      arrived
    2. B.
      had arrived
    3. C.
      arrives
    4. D.
      will arrive

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    科目： 来源： 题型：单选题

    His father, who is said to be teaching in Australia, ____ in Nanjing University for more than 10 years.


    1. A.
      has worked
    2. B.
      had worked
    3. C.
      worked
    4. D.
      has been working

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    科目： 来源： 题型：单选题

    It is only when an NBA player has aged and been through many battles ______ he learns animportant lesson; there is no “I” in “team”．


    1. A.
      after
    2. B.
      before
    3. C.
      what
    4. D.
      that

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    科目： 来源： 题型：单选题

    We can see light in his office. He___________ be in his office.


    1. A.
      can
    2. B.
      can't
    3. C.
      must
    4. D.
      might

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