You speak, write a letter, make a telephone. Your words carry a message. People communicate（交际）with words. Do you think you can communicate without words? A smile on your face shows you are happy or friendly. Tears（眼泪）in your eyes tell others that you are sad.
When you put up your hands in class, the teacher knows you want to say something or ask questions. You shake（摇）your head, and people know you are saying "No". You nod（点头）and people know you are saying "Yes". Other things can also carry messages. For example, a sign at the bus helps you to know which bus to take. A sign on the door helps you where to go in or out. Have you ever thought that there are a lot of signs around you and that you receive messages from them all the time? People can communicate in many other ways. An artist can use his drawing to tell beautiful mountains, about the blue sea and many other things. Books are written to tell about all the wonderful things in the world and also about people and their ideas. Books, magazines（杂志）, TV, radio and films all help us communicate with others. They can help us to know what is going on in the world and what other people are thinking about.
81. 【小题1】People communicate ________.

A．with words only	B．in many different ways
C．in letters and drawings	D．with smiles, tears and hands

82. 【小题2】Signs can carry as many _________ as words.

A．questions

B．examples

C．tears and smiles

D．messages

83. 【小题3】Which of the following is not talked in the passage as ways of communication?

A．books and magazines

B．TV and films

C．newspapers

D．radio

84. 【小题4】Which of the following statements is WRONG ?.

A．Communication helps us to learn what is happening in the world.

B．Communication helps us to understand other people better..

C．A sign is also a way of communication..

D．If you can’t speak, you can’t communicate..

85. 【小题5】The best title（题目）for this short passage is _________.

A．Signs Carry Messages	B．The important Communication
C．Words, Signs and Drawing. Ways of Communication.
D．We can only improve our listening skills step by step.

President Bush’s dogs often play on the White House lawn（草坪）, but did you know that he also has cows and a cat? His cat is named India. India, also called “Willie”, has lived with the Bush family for more than ten years! On his farm in Crawford, Texas, he keeps a cow called Ofelia named after a person who worked with him when he worked in Texas.
Past Presidents brought many interesting animals to the White House. The wife of John Quincy Adams, the sixth President, had silkworms. Herbert Hoover, the 31^st President, had an opossum（负鼠）. And Calvin Coolidge, the 30^th President, had a raccoon（浣熊）named Rebecca.
Theodore Roosevelt, the 26^th President, was famous for his many pets. His six kids had snakes, dogs, cats, a badger, birds, guinea pigs, and more. Once, Roosevelt’s son Quentin borrowed some snakes from a pet store. Running to show his father, Quentin interrupted an important meeting and dropped the snakes all over his father’s desk!
During World WarⅠ, Woodrow Wilson, the 28^th President, kept some sheep on the White House lawn. He did this so the First Family would appear to be supporting the war effort. The sheep’s help was great. They ate the lawn and the sheep’s wool was auctioned （拍卖）to raise money for the American Red Cross.
Some of the more unusual U.S. Presidents’ pets have been gifts from other world leaders. James Buchanan received some elephants from Thailand. The Sultan of Oman gave Martin Van Buren a pair of tigers.
But even the more common pets have had an unusual time at the White House. Warren Harding, the 29^th President, and his family had a birthday party for their dog Laddie Boy. They invited other dogs and served a dog biscuit cake.
What’s next? A White House zoo?
60. 【小题1】What do we know about President Bush’s pets?

A．A horse is his favorite pet.

B．Willie was named after a person.

C．India has lived with him for a long time.

D．Ofelia was raised on the White House lawn.

61. 【小题2】Who raised an interesting animal called Rebecca in the White House?

A．Herbert Hoover	B．Woodrow Wilson
C．Calvin Coolidge	D．James Buchanan

62. 【小题3】According to the passage, what happened to President Theodore Roosevelt?

A．His pets were a great help to the American Red Cross.

B．He was once disturbed by his son when he was working

C．His wife once sent him an opossum in order to please him.

D．He received a pair of tigers as a gift from Oman’s leader.

63. 【小题4】 According to the passage, who held a party for his pet dog?

A．The 6th President	B．The 31st President
C．The 26th President.	D．The 29th President.

Specialists say it is not easy to get used to life in a new culture. “Culture shock” is the term these specialists use when talking about the feelings that people have in a new environment. There are three stages of culture shock, say the specialists. In the first stage, the newcomers like their new environment. Then, when the fresh experience dies, they begin to hate the city, the country, the people, and everything else. In the last stage, the newcomers begin to adjust to their surroundings and, as a result, enjoy their life more.
There are some obvious factors in culture shock. The weather may be unpleasant. The customs may be different. The public service systems—the telephones, post office, or transportation—may be difficult to work out. The simplest things seem to be big problems. The language may be difficult.
Who feels culture shock? Everyone does in this way or that. But culture shock surprises most people. Very often the people having the worst culture shock are those who never had any difficulties in their own community. Coming to a new country, these people find they do not have the same established positions. They find themselves without any identity. They have to build a new self-image.
Culture shock gives rise to a feeling of disorientation （迷失方向）. This feeling may be homesickness. When homesick, people feel like staying inside all the time. They want to protect themselves from the strange environment, and create an escape inside their room for a sense of security. This escape does solve the problem of culture shock for the short term, but it does nothing to make the person familiar with the culture. Getting to know the new environment and gaining experience — these are the long-term solutions to the problem of culture shock.
41. 【小题1】When people move to a new country, they _______.

A．will get used to their new surroundings with difficulty

B．have well prepared for the new surroundings

C．will get used to the culture of the country quickly

D．will never be familiar with the culture of the country

42. 【小题2】According to the passage, factors that give rise to culture shock include all of the following except __________.

A．language communication	B．weather conditions and customs
C．public service systems	D．homesickness

43.【小题3】 According to the passage, the more successful you are at home, _______.

A．the fewer difficulties you may have abroad

B．the more difficulties you may have abroad

C．the more money you will earn abroad

D．the less homesick you may feel abroad

44. 【小题4】When people are homesick, they tend to ______.

A．find some people to talk to	B．go outside to have a walk
C．visit their friends far away	D．stay indoors all the time

45. 【小题5】The writer tells us that the best way to overcome culture shock is to ______.

A．protect ourselves from unfamiliar environment

B．develop a strange sense of self-protection

C．get familiar with new culture

D．return to our own country

My father’s reaction to the bank building at 43rd Street and Fifth Avenue in New York city was immediate and definite: “You won’t catch me putting my money in there!” he declared, “Not in that glass box!”
　  Of course, my father is a gentleman of the old school, a member of the generation to whom a good deal of modern architecture is upsetting, but I am convinced that his negative response was not so much to the architecture as to a violation of his concept of the nature of money. In his generation money was thought of as a real commodity (实物) that could be carried, or stolen.
　　Consequently, to attract the custom of a sensible man, a bank had to have heavy walls, barred windows, and bronze doors, to affirm the fact, however untrue, that money would be safe inside. If a building’s design made it appear impenetrable（难以渗透的), the institution was necessarily reliable, and the meaning of the heavy wall as an architecture symbol reflected people’s prevailing attitude toward money.
　　But the attitude toward money has, of course, changed. Excepting pocket money, cash of any kind is now rarely used; money as a tangible commodity has largely been replaced by credit. A deficit (赤字) economy, accompanied by huge expansion, has led us to think of money as product of the creative imagination. The banker no longer offers us a safe: he offers us a service in which the most valuable element is the creativity for the invention of large numbers. It is in no way surprising, in view of this change in attitude, that we are witnessing the disappearance of the heavy-walled bank.
　　Just as the older bank emphasized its strength, this bank by its architecture boasts of imaginative powers. From this point of view it is hard to say where architecture ends and human assertion (人们的说法) begins.
36. 【小题1】The main idea of this passage is that________.

A．money is not as valuable as it was in the past

B．changes have taken place in both the appearance and the concept of banks

C．the architectural style of the older bank is superior to that of the modern bank

D．prejudice makes the older generation think that the modern bank is unreliable

37. 【小题2】How do the older generation and the younger one think about money respectively?

A．The former thinks more of money than the latter.

B．The younger generation values money more than the older generation.

C．Both generations rely on the imaginative power of bankers to make money.

D．To the former money is a real commodity but to the latter be a means to produce more money.

38. 【小题3】The words “tangible commodity” (Line 2, Para. 4) refer to something ______.

A．that can be replaceable	B．that is usable
C．that can be touched	D．that can be reproduced

39. 【小题4】According to this passage, a modern banker should be _______.

A．ambitious and friendly	B．reliable and powerful
C．sensible and impenetrable	D．imaginative and creative

40. 【小题5】It can be inferred from the passage that the author’s attitude towards the new trend in banking is _______.

A．cautious

B．regretful

C．positive

D．hostile

A research by the National Center for Health Statistics is seen as an important confirmation of the“Hispanic mortality paradox（西班牙裔死亡率悖论）.”
On average，Hispanics outlive whites by 2.5 years and blacks by 7.7 years. Their life expectancy at birth in 2006 was 80.6 years，compared with 78.1 for whites，72.9 for blacks and 77.7 years for the total population.
The report shows that the Hispanic population has higher life expectancy at birth and at almost every age despite a socioeconomic status lower than that of whites.“Mortality is very correlated with income，education and health care access，”says Elizabeth Arias，author of the report.“You would expect the Hispanic population would have higher mortality，”in line with the black population.
The Hispanic paradox has been documented for more than two decades，but this is the first time the government has had enough data to issue national numbers. Researchers are struggling to explain why Hispanics live longer.
“We don’t know，”says David Hayes-Bautista，director of the Center for the Study of Latino Health and Culture at UCLA’s David Geffen School of Medicine.“We thought it was a problem in the data，but we can pretty much say this is real.”
Potential factors:
·Culture and lifestyle.  Support from extended family and lower rates of smoking and drinking.Latino groups in particular have very strong family and social ties.
·Migration.  The“healthy migrant effect”argues that healthy people are more likely to emigrate. And when immigrants become ill，they might return home and die there.
Solving the puzzle may help the nation deal with health care issues because Hispanics use health services less—they make fewer doctors visits and spend less time in hospitals，Hayes-Bautista says.“It’s clearly something in the Latino culture，”he says.
【小题1】In 2006，Hispanics’life expectancy is           years longer than the average of the total population.

A．2.5

B．7.7

C．2.9

D．80.6

【小题2】What does the underlined word“outlive”in the second paragraph probably mean？

A．To live longer than…	B．To live shorter than…
C．To die out.	D．To expect to live.

【小题3】What is the main idea of paragraph three？

A．Hispanics were born better than whites.

B．Morality is closely related with health care access.

C．Whites should have longer life expectancy.

D．Even experts can’t explain the phenomenon.

【小题4】What is Mr.Hayes-Bautista’s opinion about the paradox？

A．He supports there is a problem with the data.

B．He intends to trust the cultural factor.

C．He believes in the“healthy migrant effect”.

D．He thinks health care the most important factor.

【小题5】Which of the following inferences is true according to the passage？

A．Black people suffer the lowest social status in America.

B．Hispanics might have healthier ways of life.

C．Only healthy people can immigrate into America.

D．White people don’t have strong family ties.

A 26-year-old Montreal man appears to have succeeded in his quest to barter a single， red paper clip(夹子) all the way up to a house. It took almost a year and 14 trades， but Kyle MacDonald has been offered a two-storey farmhouse in Kipling， Sask.， for a paid role in a movie.
MacDonald began his quest last summer when he decided he wanted to live in a house. He didn’t have a job， so instead of posting a resumé， he looked at a red paper clip on his desk and decided to trade it on an Internet website. The response was immediate —a fish pen was offered for exchange. MacDonald then bartered the fish pen for a handmade doorknob from a potter in Seattle.
In Massachusetts， MacDonald traded the doorknob for a camp stove. He traded the stove to a U.S. soldier in California for a generator. Then he exchanged the generator for an “instant party kit” — an empty keg(小桶) and an illuminated Budweiser beer sign. MacDonald then traded the keg and sign for a snowmobile. He bartered all the way up to an afternoon with rock star Alice Cooper， a KISS snow globe and finally a paid role in a Corbin Bernsen movie.
“Now， I’m sure the first question on your mind is， ‘Why would Corbin Bernsen trade a role in a film for a snow globe？ A KISS snow globe，’ MacDonald said on his website.”Well， Corbin happens to be arguably one of the biggest snow globe collectors on the planet.
Now， the town of Kipling， Sask.， Canada， with a population of 1,100，has offered MacDonald a farmhouse in exchange for the role in the movie. The town is going to hold a competition for the movie role.
MacDonald said： “There’re people all over the world that are saying that they have paper clips clipped to the top of their computer， or on their desk or on their shirt， and it proves that anything is possible and I think to a certain degree it’s true.”
MacDonald， who has attracted international media attention in his quest， said the journey has turned out to be more exciting than the goal. “This is not the end. This may be the end of this part of the story， but this story will go on.”
【小题1】The best title for this passage is “　　　　”.

A．A lucky paper clip	B．From poor to rich
C．A lucky young man	D．From paper clip to house

【小题2】The underlined word in line 1 means 　　　　.

A．to get something for free	B．to sell something at a price
C．to sell goods on the Internet	D．to exchange goods for other goods

【小题3】Which shows the correct order of the trades？

A．Paper clip?snow globe?snowmobile?house

B．Paper clip?keg of beer?doorknob?snowmobile

C．Paper clip?camp stove?snowmobile?movie role

D．Paper clip?keg of beer?camp stove?snowmobile

【小题4】Which statement about MacDonald’s trades is TRUE？

A．All of his trades were done in his country.

B．A film role was offered due to Bernsen’s hobby.

C．They took over a year and some of them were really unbelievable.

D．The house in Kipling has been offered to MacDonald to attract media.

【小题5】What can we learn about MacDonald？

A．He wanted to gain fame through his quest.

B．His success largely depended on the Internet.

C．He never expected his aim could be achieved.

D．He intends to begin another quest on the Web.

Many foreigners who have not visited Britain call all the inhabitants(居民) English, for they are used to thinking of the British Isles as England. In fact, the British Isles contain a variety of peoples and only the people of England call themselves English. The others refer to themselves as Welsh, Scottish, or Irish, as the case may be; they are often slightly annoyed(苦恼) at being classified as 'English'.
In Scotland the sound denoted by the letter 'R' is generally a strong sound, and 'R' is often pronounced in words in which it would be silent in southern English. In the Highlands and the Western Isles the ancient Scottish language, Gaelic, is still heard. The Scots are said to be a serious, cautious, thrifty(节约的) people, rather inventive(善于创造的) and somewhat mystical. All the Celtic peoples of Britain (the Welsh, the Irish, the Scots) are often described as being more 'fiery(暴躁的)' than the English. They are often of a race that is quite different from the English.
The Welsh have protected their language to a remarkable extent. The English generally look upon the Welsh as an emotional(易动感情的) people who are, however, somewhat difficult to get to know easily.
Ireland is divided into two parts. The six countries of Northern Ireland are still part of Great Britain, though, in normal circumstances(环境), they have their own Parliament. The Irish are known for their charm and vivacity(活泼), as well as for the beauty of the Irish girls. Irish, often calls Erse, is a form of Gaelic. It was in danger of dying out, but when the territory(地域) of the Republic became independent, Erse was received, and is now the official first language of the Republic, English being the second. The Irish are known for their charm and vivacity, as well as for the beauty of the Irish girls.
【小题1】Why do many foreigners call the inhabitants English?

A．Because only English live on the British Isles.

B．Because only English plays a more important role than the others.

C．Because all the people are glad to be regarded as English.

D．Because they are used to thinking of the British Isles as England.

【小题2】Today we still can hear Gaelic--the ancient Scottish language in __________.

A．both England and Scotland

B．both Wales and Ireland

C．both Highland and Western Isles

D．both Northern Ireland and England

【小题3】 According to the passage, which of the statements is TRUE?

A．“R” is often pronounced in words in which it would be silent in north English.

B．The Welsh, the Irish and the Scots are all the Celtic peoples of Britain.

C．The Celtic peoples are often of a race that is little different from the English.

D．The Welsh have not protected their language very carefully.

【小题4】Irish is a form of ________, and is now the official ______ language of the Republic.

A．English; first

B．Gaelic; second

C．Gaelic; first

D．English; second

China has input several billion yuan of money to stop the dirty water waste on the upper and middle area of the Pearl River from polluting the lower reaches of the river, especially the Macao Spe­cial Administrative Region．
The Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region in the upper and middle reaches of the Pearl River has been rapidly urbanized（城市化）and industrialized in recent years, leading to a rise in the amount of urban rubbish to the damage of the land, rivers and atmosphere．
Refuse dumps and special plants in most cities treat rubbish to make it harmless, with 5,800 tons of wastes being burnt, buried or made into fertilizers on a daily basis．
He Suping, a woman engineer with the water re­sources department in Guangxi said, it is imperative for the autonomous region to treat sewage wastes to protect the area’s Karst terrain（喀斯特地形）and rain water which brings contact between groundwater and surface water, making groundwater more easily polluted．
The Xijiang River, a branch of the Pearl River which runs from Guangxi to neighboring Guangdong Province, provides fresh water for a number of river­side cities such as Macao, Zhuhai, Zhongshan and Zhaoqing, so Guangxi must begin to treat rubbish quickly to protect the water sources, said Liu Chen, a senior engineer with the Ministry of Water Resources．
The government 2001—2006 plan to spend bil­lions of yuan to turn wastes harmless has been mainly provided by national debt payments and overseas in­vestment．So far wastes treatment projects have re­ceived a total of 400 million yuan（48 million US dol­lars）from national debts and 60 million yuan（7．22 million US dollars）from overseas loans（贷款）．
【小题1】The main idea of the passage is __     

A．A large number of waterways have been polluted in China up to now．

B．Guangxi and Guangdong have taken the lead in making water clean．

C．China's rivers are badly in need of improve­ment．

D．China is making efforts to reduce pollution of the rivers．

【小题2】The main idea of the last paragraph is __

A．The government has no ability to afford the expenses of treating wastes．

B．The government has a long-term plan to treat wastes．

C．National debt payments and overseas investment are taking an important part in developing China's economy．

D．A great deal of money is needed in dealing with wastes．

【小题3】The basic reason why the amount of urban rubbish rises in Guangxi lies in _____．

A．the improvement of people’s living standard

B．people’s wasting too much

C．urbanization and industrialization

D．too many tourists’ coming

【小题4】The word “imperative” here probably means _______．

A．unnecessary

B．important

C．easy

D．unbelievable

Shopping is not as simple as you may think! There are all sorts of tricks at play each time we reach out for that particular brand of product on the shelf． Colouring, for example, varies according to what the producers are trying to sell．Health foods are packaged （包装） in greens, yellows or browns because we think of these as healthy colours．Ice cream packets are often blue and expensive goods, like chocolates, are gold or silver．
When some kind of pain killer was brought out recently, researchers found that the colours turned the customers off because they made the product look weak and ineffective．
Eventually, it came on the market in a dark blue and white package—blue because we think of it as safe, and white as calm． The size of a product can attract a shopper．But quite often a bottle doesn’t contain as much as it appears to．
It is believed that the better-known companies spend, on average, 70 per cent of the total cost of the product itself on packaging!
The most successful producers know that it’s not enough to have a good product．The founder of Pears soap, who for 25 years has used pretty little girls to promote （推销） their goods, came to the conclusion: “Any fool can make soap, but it takes a genius to sell it．”
【小题1】Which of the following may trick a shopper into buying a product according to the text?

A．The cost of its package．	B．The price of the product．
C．The colour of its package．	D．The brand name of the product．

【小题2】The underlined part “the colours turned the customers off”（in Par A．3 ） means that the colours _____．
A．attracted the customers strongly        B．had weak effects on the customers
C．tricked the customers into shopping      D．caused the customers to lose interest
【小题3】Which of the following is the key to the success in product sales?

A．The way to promote goods．	B．The discovery of a genius．
C．The team to produce a good product．	D．The brand name used by successful producers．

【小题4】Which of the following would be the best title for this text?

A．Choice of Good Products	B．Disadvantages of Products
C．Effect of Packaging on Shopping	D．Brand Names and Shopping Tricks

As societies develop, their members start to see things not so much according to what they need, but according to what they want. When people have enough money, these wants become demands.
Now, it' s important for the managers in a company to understand what their customers want if they are going to develop effective marketing strategies (策略). There are various ways of doing this. One way at supermarkets ( 超市), for example, is to interview(采访) customers while they're doing their shopping. They can be asked what they prefer to buy and then the results of the research can be studied. This provides information on which to base future marketing strategies. It' s also quite normal for top managers from department stores to spend a day or two each month visiting stores and mixing freely with the public, as if they were ordinary customers, to get an idea of how customers act.
Another way to get information from customers is to give them something.  For example, some fast food restaurants give away tickets in magazines or on the street that permit customers to get part of their meal for nothing. As well as being a good way of attracting customers into the restaurants to spend their money, it also allows the managers to get a feel for where to attract customers and which age-groups to attract.
Another strategy used at some well-known parks such as Disneyland is for top managers to spend at least one day in their work, touring the park dressed as Mickey Mouse or something like that. This provides them with a perfect chance to examine the scene and watch the customers without being noticed.
【小题1】The text is designed for _______

A．managers

B．salesmen

C．researchers

D．customers

【小题2】Which of the following can help managers get useful information?

A．Visiting customers themselves.	B．Giving customers free food on the street.
C．Visiting parks as ordinary customers.	D．Asking customers questions at supermarkets.

【小题3】 What does the word "this" underlined in the last sentence refer to?

A．Visiting Disneyland.	B．Wearing attractive clothes.
C．Acting Mickey Mouse.	D．Dressing up and walking around.

【小题4】 The main idea of the text is _________.

A．how to do market research	B．how to develop marketing strategies
C．how to find out customers' social needs	D．how to encourage customers to spend more money