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科目： 来源： 题型：阅读理解

The term “formal learning” refers to all learning which takes place in the classroom regardless of whether such learning is informed by conservative or progressive ideologies(思想意识). “Informal learning”, on the other hand, is used to refer to learning which takes place outside the classroom.
These definitions(定义) provide the basic difference between the two models of learning. Formal learning is separated from daily life and may actually promote ways of learning and thinking which often run counter to those obtained form practical daily life. A characteristic feature of formal learning is the centrality of activities which can prepare for the changes of adult life outside the classroom, but it cannot, by its nature, consist of these challenges.
In doing this, language plays an important role as a major channel for information exchange. The language of the classroom is more similar to the language used by middle-class families than that used by working-class families. Middle class children thus find it easier to gain the language of the classroom than their working-class classmates.
Informal learning, in contrast, occurs in the setting to which it relates, making learning immediately relevant (相关的). In this context, language does not occupy such an important role: the child's experience of learning is more direct, involving sight, touch, taste, and smell senses that are not used in the classroom. Whereas formal learning is transmitted by teachers selected to perform this role, informal learning is gained as a natural part of child's socialization. Adults or older children who are proficient (熟练的) in skill or activity provide-----sometimes unintentionally (无意义地)---target models of behavior in the course of everyday activity.
Informal learning, therefore, can take place at any time and place. The motivation of learner provides another important difference between the two models of learning. The formal learner is generally motivated by some kind of external goal such as parental approval, social status, and possible financial reward. The informal learner, however, tends to be motivated by successful completion of the task itself and the partial knowledge of adult status.
Given that learning systems develop as a response to the social and economic contexts in which they are firmly, it is understandable that modern, high urbanized (城市化) societies have concentrated almost specially on the establishment of formal education systems. What these societies have failed to recognize are the ways in which formal learning inhibits the child's multi-sensory acquisition of practical skills. The failure to provide a child with a direct education may in part account for many of the social problems which trouble our societies.

1.
Formal learning and informal learning are mainly told differences by_________.
1. A.
  the place where they take place
2. B.
  the kind of knowledge to be obtained
3. C.
  the people who learn
4. D.
  the language used in instruction
2.
The language used in classroom instruction explains________.
1. A.
  how learning can take place efficiently
2. B.
  why it is not easy for children of working-class families to get high scores
3. C.
  why informal learning is more important
4. D.
  why formal learning does not work with children of middle-class families
3.
In informal learning_________.
1. A.
  children usually follow the examples of adults to shape their own behavior
2. B.
  children's learning is more direct
3. C.
  children are highly motivated by the learning activity it self
4. D.
  all of the above
4.
The author's attitude towards the present state of formal learning is _______.
1. A.
  agreeable
2. B.
  critical
3. C.
  suspecting
4. D.
  indifferent（不关心的）

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科目： 来源： 题型：阅读理解

Lynn was a young French Canadian girl who grew up in the farming community. At the age of l6, her father thought that she had enough schooling and forced her to drop out of school to contribute to the family income. In l922, with limited education and skills, the future didn’t look bright for Lynn. Her father demanded that Lynn find a job as soon as possible, but she didn’t have the confidence to ask for a job.
One day, Lynn gathered her courage and knocked on her very first door. She was met by Margaret Costello, the office manager. In her broken English, Lynn told her she was interested in the secretarial position. Margaret decided to give her a chance.
Margaret sat her down at a typewriter and said, “Lynn, let’s see how good you really are.” She directed Lynn to type a single letter, and then left. Lynn looked at the clock and saw that it was 11:40 a.m. Everyone would be leaving for lunch at noon. She thought she should at least attempt the letter.
On her first try, she got through one line but made four mistakes. She pulled the paper out and threw it away. The clock now read 11:45. “At noon,” she said to herself, “I’ll move out with the crowd, and they will never see me again.”
On her second attempt, things didn’t get any better. Again she started over and finally completed the letter, full of mistakes, though. She looked at the clock: 11:55—five minutes to freedom.
Just then, Margaret walked in. She came directly over to Lynn, and put one hand on the desk and the other on the girl’s shoulder. She read the letter and paused. Then she said, “Lynn, you’re doing good work!”
Lynn was surprised. She looked at the letter, then up at Margaret. With those simple words of encouragement, her desire to escape disappeared and her confidence began to grow. She thought, “Well, if she thinks it’s good, then it must be good. I think I’ll stay!”
Lynn did stay at Carhartt Overall Company…for 51 years, through two world wars and 11 presidents—all because someone had the insight to give a shy and uncertain young girl the gift of self-confidence when she knocked on the door.

1.
Why did Lynn leave school at an early age?
1. A.
  To learn English well.
2. B.
  To earn money for her family.
3. C.
  To get self-confidence.
4. D.
  To become a typist.
2.
When Lynn applied for the job, she .
1. A.
  could speak good English
2. B.
  didn’t know much about typing
3. C.
  knew Margaret very well
4. D.
  never wrote any letter
3.
How many attempts did Lynn make to type the letter?
1. A.
  One.
2. B.
  Two.
3. C.
  Three.
4. D.
  Four.
4.
Who does the underlined word “someone” in the last paragraph refer to?
1. A.
  Lynn’s father.
2. B.
  Lynn herself.
3. C.
  A president.
4. D.
  Margaret.
5.
What can we learn from Lynn's story?
1. A.
  Encouragement makes a difference.
2. B.
  Honesty is the best policy.
3. C.
  Virtue(美德) leads to success.
4. D.
  Time waits for no man.

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科目： 来源： 题型：阅读理解

Australia has passed regulations that will enable more international students to further their education in the country.
The new measures were released by the Australian Department of Tertiary Education, Skills, Jobs and Workplace Relations in September and will take effect in mid-2012.
As a result, the student visa application process for overseas students has been simplified, and the deposit (押金) required to study in Australia has been reduced. Language requirements for overseas students have also been eased.
Also, overseas students receiving a higher education in Australia will be granted a working visa lasting from two to four years after graduation, as long as they meet the basic IELTS requirement.
"This change will definitely make Australia a more attractive destination for Chinese students planning to study overseas," says Wang Lan , a consultant from Education International Cooperation Group (EIC), a Beijing-based company that provides services to students wishing to study overseas.
However, in the past few years, many of Wang's student clients (客户) could not start studies in Australia because they did not meet the language requirements, visa processing took a long time and deposit regulations were tough. The change in policy is good news for the parents of students wishing to study in Australia, Wang says.
A 22-year-old female student surnamed Li, in Beijing, who is planning to do her postgraduate studies in Australia, learned about the policy change several weeks ago.
"According to the previous deposit requirement for my student visa, my family was required to put down 550,000 Yuan ($86,850). Now we only need to prepare 410,000 Yuan. This is a relief for my parents," Li says.
She also says that the two to four years working visa makes her feel much clearer about her study plans.
"I believe several years of working experience abroad will strengthen my competitiveness when I return to China," she says.
Gaining a competitive advantage is the major reason for Chinese students to study abroad, according to the report by EIC

1.
What's the main idea of the passage?
1. A.
  Language requirement for overseas students have been eased in Australia
2. B.
  Australia is a most attractive place for students in China
3. C.
  Australia widens window of opportunity for international students
4. D.
  More students will work in Australia after their graduation
2.
Which of the following is NOT the content of the new regulations?
1. A.
  The student visa application process for overseas students has been simplified
2. B.
  The deposit required to study in Australia has been reduced
3. C.
  Language requirements for overseas students have been more difficult
4. D.
  After graduation, some overseas students can get a working visa in Australia
3.
After the new regulations are passed, _______
1. A.
  more students will come to Australia to work
2. B.
  more Chinese students will choose to live in Australia
3. C.
  the opportunities to work in Australia decrease for overseas students
4. D.
  more Chinese students will choose to further their education in Australia
4.
How much can Li's parents save according to the new regulations?
1. A.
  550,000 yuan
2. B.
  140,000 yuan
3. C.
  410,000 yuan
4. D.
  86,850 yuan
5.
Why do many students want to work in Australia after their graduation?
1. A.
  The working experience abroad will strengthen their competitiveness
2. B.
  They can earn more money in Australia
3. C.
  Their working experience can make them stay in Australia forever
4. D.
  They have to do so according to the new regulations

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科目： 来源： 题型：阅读理解

Everyone becomes a little more forgetful as they get older, but men's minds decline more than women's, according to the results of a worldwide survey.
Certain differences seem to be inherent in male and female brains: Men are better at maintaining and dealing with mental images (useful in mathematical reasoning<推论；说服> and spatial <空间的>skills), while women tend to excel (擅长) at recalling information from their brain's files (helpful with language skills and remembering the locations of objects).
Many studies have looked for a connection between sex and the amount of mental decline (衰退) people experience as they age, but the results have been mixed.
Some studies found more age-related decline in men than in women, while others saw the opposite or even no relationship at all between sex and mental decline. Those results could be improper because the studies involved older people, and women live longer than men: The men tested are the survivors, "so they're the ones that may not have shown such cognitive（认知的；认识的） decline," said study team leader Elizabeth of the University of Warwick in England.
People surveyed completed four tasks that tested sex-related cognitive skills: matching an object to its rotated（旋转的） form, matching lines shown from the same angle, typing as many words in a particular category (范畴) as possible in the given time, e.g. "object usually colored gray", and recalling the location of objects in a line drawing. The first two were tasks at which men usually excel; the latter are typically dominated(占有主导地位的) by women.
Within each age group studied, men and women performed better in their separate categories on average. And though performance declined with age for both genders（性别）, women showed obviously less decline than men overall（全部地）.

1.
The underlined word in the second paragraph means_________.
1. A.
  natural
2. B.
  great
3. C.
  obvious
4. D.
  absolute
2.
According to the passage, which of the following can Not be typed into the same category?
1. A.
  cloud
2. B.
  sheep
3. C.
  trees
4. D.
  goose
3.
Which of the following statements is true according the article?
1. A.
  Men do better than women when it comes to learning English.
2. B.
  Women stand out at remembering people’s names.
3. C.
  Men excel at typing as many words in a particular category as possible in the given time.
4. D.
  Women excel at dealing mathematic problems.
4.
One important factor that affects the correctness of the results is that _________.
1. A.
  the old men tested may not have shown such cognitive decline
2. B.
  people surveyed are all old
3. C.
  people taking part in this test came from all over the world
4. D.
  women live longer than men
5.
The author aims to tell us that __________.
1. A.
  women’s minds perform better than men’s
2. B.
  men’s minds decline more with age
3. C.
  everyone becomes a little more forgetful as they get older
4. D.
  a survey on human’s mind decline was done recently

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科目： 来源： 题型：阅读理解

If you want to keep healthy, you should have good habits. What is a habit? It is something we do very often. We don’t even think when we do it. It has become a part of our lives.
“Early to bed, early to rise makes a man healthy, wealthy and wise.” This is an old English saying. Do you know what it means? It means that we must go to bed early at night and get up early in the morning. If we do, we shall be healthy, rich and clever.
Is this true? Perhaps it is. We know the body must have enough sleep. Boys and girls need eight or nine hours’ sleep every day.
Some people go to bed late at night and get up late in the morning. This is a very bad habit. Then you will not think or do your work well. Of course, you can’t be healthy, wealthy or wise.
When we get up early in the morning, we can go out and do morning exercises. Exercise means doing things with the body. Walking, running jumping, swimming, and playing ball games are all exercise. If we don’t exercise, our body will become weak.
Exercise helps the blood (血液) to move around inside our body. Blood takes food to all parts of our body.
Our body also needs air to breathe. Without air, we will die. We must have lots of clean fresh air if we want to be healthy. That is why many people like to go out to do morning exercise.

1.
From the passage we know that it is good for our health to ____ .
1. A.
  eat a lot
2. B.
  go to bed early
3. C.
  get up late
4. D.
  go to bed late
2.
How long should young boys and girls need to sleep a day?
1. A.
  More than ten hours
2. B.
  Over eleven hours.
3. C.
  Less than seven hours.
4. D.
  Eight hours or so.
3.
If we want to keep healthy, we must ____ .
1. A.
  eat more food
2. B.
  sleep more
3. C.
  get up late
4. D.
  take enough exercise
4.
Which of the following habits is NOT GOOD?
1. A.
  Don’t go to bed until twelve o’clock..
2. B.
  Take a walk after supper.
3. C.
  Run in the open air early in the morning.
4. D.
  Climb hills for half an hour early in the morning.
5.
Which sport is NOT mentioned in the passage?
1. A.
  Jumping.
2. B.
  Swimming.
3. C.
  Riding.
4. D.
  Running.

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科目： 来源： 题型：阅读理解

Howard Dill is a giant among giant pumpkin(南瓜) growers. He grew world champion pumpkins for four years running，from 1979 to 1982, and missed winning the fifth year by only 5 pounds. Today, his Dill Atlantic Giant seeds are sold worldwide to more than 50 seed companies. The pumpkins grown from his Dill Atlantic Giant seeds commonly weigh in at over 1,000 pounds. “I don’t have any training in genetics(遗传学); it was all trial and error,” Dill says. He got his love of pumpkins from his father and has enjoyed growing them for years.
Dill still grows giant pumpkins, but not for competition. In the fall, visitors come to enjoy the pumpkins on his 90-acre farm in Nova Scotia, Canada. He plants ten acres of pumpkins for Halloween and two acres of giant pumpkins. One of giant pumpkins was recently baked into 442 pumpkin pies and sold at $5 each for charity.
It you want to try growing a giant pumpkin, Dill recommends starting with a soil test and then adding fertilizer(农药) as needed. Plant the giant pumpkin seed. A giant pumpkin can gain 15 to 20 pounds a day, so careful watering—every day or two—is necessary. You should wait about 130 days until the pumpkin matures and then you can harvest it.
Dill’s favorite pumpkin set the Guinness Book record in 1981. It weighted 493.5 pounds. “I’ve grown them larger since, but that one meant a lot,” he remembers. “I never would have imagined ten
years ago that there would be a 1,000-pounder, but there are many of them now,” says Dill. The 2006 world record holder is Larry Checkon of Pennsylvania. He grew a 1,469 pounder. Dill says, “These world champions are grown from my seeds, so I feel like a winner right along with them.”

1.
What can we learn about the world champion pumpkin of 1983?
1. A.
  It weighed over 1,000 pounds.
2. B.
  It was missing after the competition.
3. C.
  It was 5 pounds heavier than that of 1982.
4. D.
  It was 5 pounds heavier than Dill’s biggest one that year.
2.
One of Dill’s giant pumpkins earned .
1. A.
  $2210
2. B.
  $442
3. C.
  $1000
4. D.
  $1469
3.
In the third paragraph Dill mainly tells about .
1. A.
  how to do a soil test
2. B.
  how to plant the giant pumpkin seed
3. C.
  when to water the pumpkin
4. D.
  how to grow a giant pumpkin
4.
Which of the following is the best title for the passage?
1. A.
  Gardening Giant: Howard Dill
2. B.
  World Champion Pumpkin
3. C.
  Dill Atlantic Giant Seeds
4. D.
  How to Grow Giant Pumpkins

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科目： 来源： 题型：阅读理解

A small dog should be belly-up after eating a handful M＆M’s, at least according to conventional wisdom. But watching “Moose”, a friend’s five-pound Chihuahua, race around a living room after his sweet snack makes one wonder: Is chocolate truly poisonous to dogs?
Dogs and humans have similar tastes. But unlike humans, our companions experience dangerous effects from eating chocolate — it can poison them and in some cases is fatal. Chocolate’s danger to dogs depends on its quality.
Chocolate is processed from the bitter seeds of the cocoa tree, which contain a family of compounds known as methylxanthines（一种衍生物）. This class of substances includes caffeine and the related chemical theobromine(可可碱). Chocolate contains a significant amount of theobromine and smaller amounts of caffeine. These chemicals can cause a dog’s heart to race up to twice its normal rate, and some dogs may run around as if “they drank a gallon of espresso,” according to Hackett.
Dogs are capable of handling some chocolate, but it depends on the animal’s weight and the type of chocolate it eats. Unsweetened baking chocolate contains more than six times as much theobromine as milk chocolate, although amounts vary between cocoa beans as well as different brands of chocolate. Less than four ounces of milk chocolate is potentially fatal for Moose and other small dogs.
Around every confection-centered holiday — Valentine’s Day, Easter and Christmas — at least three or four dogs are hospitalized overnight in the animal medical center at Colorado State. But in 16 years, Hackett has seen just one dog die from chocolate poisoning, and he suspects it may have had an underlying disease that made it more exposed to chocolate’s heart-racing effect.

1.
The underlined expression “belly-up” probably means______.
1. A.
  dead
2. B.
  poisonous
3. C.
  running around
4. D.
  having a headache
2.
All of the following are true EXCEPT______.
1. A.
  chocolate’s danger to dogs depends on its quantity and quality
2. B.
  people buy lots of chocolate around Valentine’s Day
3. C.
  an ounce of unsweetened baking chocolate is safe for Moose
4. D.
  there must be some theobromine or caffeine in espresso
3.
What can we learn about Hackett?
1. A.
  He is an animal doctor.
2. B.
  He is a pet shop owner.
3. C.
  He is the owner of Moose
4. D.
  He is a doctor in a small hospital.
4.
It can be inferred from the passage that Hackett believes that__________.
1. A.
  chocolate is truly deadly to dogs
2. B.
  it’s OK to give chocolate to a big dog
3. C.
  pets are usually ignored around confection-centered holidays
4. D.
  a healthy dog probably could survive a chocolate poisoning
5.
The passage is mainly about__________.
1. A.
  the poisoning of Moose
2. B.
  the compounds of different chocolates
3. C.
  a handful M＆M’s chocolate is poisonous
4. D.
  the relation between methylxanthines and chocolate poisoning

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科目： 来源： 题型：阅读理解

It was getting dark and snow was coming down. Joe was driving home. He'd been unemployed since the factory closed. Most of his friends had left, but he stayed on. After all, he was born here. Suddenly he saw a lady standing on the side of the road and then he pulled up. She was worried. No one had stopped to help her. Was he going to hurt her? He looked poor and hungry. Joe knew how she felt and said, “My name is Joe and I'm here to help you.” All she had was a flat tire, but for an old lady, that was bad enough. Joe changed the tire, but he got dirty and his hands were hurt.
She wanted to pay Joe and said any amount would have been all right. Joe never thought twice about the money and there were plenty who had given him a hand in the past. He had lived his whole life that way. He told her that if she really wanted to pay him back, the next time she saw someone who needed help, she could give that person the assistance that they needed. Later the lady went in a small restaurant to take a bite to eat. The cash register was like the telephone of an out-of-work actor-it didn't ring much. The waitress, who was nearly eight months pregnant (怀孕) brought a clean towel to her with a sweet smile. The old lady remembered Joe. After the waitress brought the change from a 100-dollar bill, she found the lady gone and something written on a piece of paper “Someone once helped me out-the way I'm helping you. If you really want to pay me back, don't let the chain of love end with you.” That night the waitress gave her sleeping husband a soft kiss and whispered, “Everything's going to be all right. I love you, Joe.”

1.
What did Joe do that dark snowy evening?
1. A.
  He drove to work.
2. B.
  He helped an old lady with a flat tire.
3. C.
  He gave an old lady a lift.
4. D.
  He helped an old lady push her car. .
2.
The underlined sentence “she wanted to pay Joe and...”suggests that ________.
1. A.
  the old lady was very grateful to Joe's timely aid
2. B.
  the old lady cared little about money
3. C.
  the old lady didn't have money on hand to pay Joe
4. D.
  the old lady wanted to pay Joe less
3.
We can learn from this passage that ________.
1. A.
  the old lady knew the waitress was Joe's wife
2. B.
  the old lady had a big meal in the small restaurant
3. C.
  Joe would have a baby soon
4. D.
  Joe helped a lot of people in the past
4.
Which of the following would be the best title for the passage?
1. A.
  Acts of luck
2. B.
  A warm-hearted man
3. C.
  A well-off lady
4. D.
  The chain of love

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科目： 来源： 题型：阅读理解

What would life be like without rich, creamy, mouthwatering, melt-in-your-mouth chocolate?
Life would be bitter for most Americans. They spend about $13 billion a year buying all sorts of chocolate treats.
However, for the African children who toil under slavelike conditions on cacao plantations, life is not sweet. The cacao bean is the main ingredient in the chocolate. According to a 2002 survey by the International Institute of Tropical Agriculture and the US Agency for International Development, about 284,000 children work in dangerous conditions on cacao farms in western Africa.
More than half those children are younger than 14. Many were sold into forced labor to work 12 hours or more a day on the cacao plantations.
A number of international organizations, including several African governments, recently began a program to eliminate(消除) child labor on cacao plantations. Under the program, government officials will remove children from abusive working situations while teaching farmers about child labor issues.
The program will also make borrowing money easier for cacao farmers. Officials hope farmers will use the money to invest in their farms and hire paid laborers.

1.
The cacao bean is the main ingredient in _______.
1. A.
  treats
2. B.
  coffee
3. C.
  chocolate
4. D.
  cigarettes
2.
How many children under 14 work on cacao farms in western Africa?
1. A.
  About 284,000.
2. B.
  About 142,000.
3. C.
  About 467,000.
4. D.
  About 876,000.
3.
From the passage, you can reasonably conclude that _______.
1. A.
  cacao farms in western Africa rely heavily on child labor
2. B.
  children in Africa know how to make the best chocolate
3. C.
  candy bars sold in the United States are made on plantations in Africa
4. D.
  eating too much chocolate is bad for your health

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科目： 来源： 题型：阅读理解

Americans love dogs, all types of dogs: small dogs, big dogs, lapdogs (供玩赏的小狗). Each year, people spend billions of dollars on their four-legged pals, making sure the lovable dogs have enough food to eat and lots of toys to play with.
Dogs love people, too. They lick their faces, protect their homes. Where did these four-legged companions come from? Some scientists believe that they have found the answer.
Scientists have long known that dogs evolved from（演化） wolves. Exactly when the transformation from wolf to dog actually took place, however, remains a mystery.
Some said dogs evolved as a separate species 135,000 years ago in two parts of the world. One group of dogs developed in Europe and Asia from Asian wolves. The other group evolved in North, Central, and South America from American wolves.
Now researchers say those theories are wrong. New studies suggest that domesticated dogs first appeared 15,000 years ago in eastern Asia. Scientists also say that every modern dog descended from approximately five female Asian wolves, the mother of all modern dogs.
Scientists suspect dogs first set paws in North America by following settlers across a land bridge that once linked northern Asia and North America.

1.
According to recent studies, all modern dogs came from female wolves in ______.
1. A.
  Asia
2. B.
  Africa
3. C.
  Europe
4. D.
  South America
2.
From this story, we can conclude that _______.
1. A.
  dogs are scientists’ best friends
2. B.
  dogs are more like wolves than they are like any other animal
3. C.
  most dogs are from Africa
4. D.
  scientists have no idea how dogs evolved
3.
The underlined word “domesticated” means “_______”.
1. A.
  tamed
2. B.
  indoor
3. C.
  intelligent
4. D.
  friendly
4.
The best title for this story might be ______.
1. A.
  Why Cats Don’t Like Dogs
2. B.
  Barking up the Wrong Tree
3. C.
  Love Me, Love My Dog
4. D.
  Going from Wolf to Dog

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初中

小学

Formal learning and informal learning are mainly told differences by_________.

The language used in classroom instruction explains________.

In informal learning_________.

The author's attitude towards the present state of formal learning is _______.

Why did Lynn leave school at an early age?

When Lynn applied for the job, she .

How many attempts did Lynn make to type the letter?

Who does the underlined word “someone” in the last paragraph refer to?

What can we learn from Lynn's story?

What's the main idea of the passage?

Which of the following is NOT the content of the new regulations?

After the new regulations are passed, _______

How much can Li's parents save according to the new regulations?

Why do many students want to work in Australia after their graduation?

The underlined word in the second paragraph means_________.

According to the passage, which of the following can Not be typed into the same category?

Which of the following statements is true according the article?

One important factor that affects the correctness of the results is that _________.

The author aims to tell us that __________.

From the passage we know that it is good for our health to ____ .

How long should young boys and girls need to sleep a day?

If we want to keep healthy, we must ____ .

Which of the following habits is NOT GOOD?

Which sport is NOT mentioned in the passage?

What can we learn about the world champion pumpkin of 1983?

One of Dill’s giant pumpkins earned .

In the third paragraph Dill mainly tells about .

Which of the following is the best title for the passage?

The underlined expression “belly-up” probably means______.

All of the following are true EXCEPT______.

What can we learn about Hackett?

It can be inferred from the passage that Hackett believes that__________.

The passage is mainly about__________.

What did Joe do that dark snowy evening?

The underlined sentence “she wanted to pay Joe and...”suggests that ________.

We can learn from this passage that ________.

Which of the following would be the best title for the passage?

The cacao bean is the main ingredient in _______.

How many children under 14 work on cacao farms in western Africa?

From the passage, you can reasonably conclude that _______.

According to recent studies, all modern dogs came from female wolves in ______.

From this story, we can conclude that _______.

The underlined word “domesticated” means “_______”.

The best title for this story might be ______.