First aid is emergency care for a victim of sudden illness or injury until more skillful medical treatment is available. It may save a life or improve certain vital signs including pulse, temperature, a clear airway, and breathing. In minor emergencies, first aid may prevent a victim’s condition from turning worse and provide relief from pain. First aid must be done as quickly as possible. In the case of the seriously injured, a few minutes can make the difference between complete recovery and loss of life.
First-aid measures depend upon a victim’s needs and the provider’s level of knowledge and skill. Knowing what not to do in an emergency is as important as knowing what to do. Improperly moving a person with a neck injury, for example, can lead to permanent spinal(脊柱)injury and paralysis(瘫痪).
Despite the variety of injuries possible, several principles of first aid apply to all emergencies. The first step is to call for professional medical help. The victim, if conscious, should be reassured that medical aid has been requested, and asked for permission to provide any first aid. Next, assess the scene, asking other people or the injured person’s family or friends about details of the injury or illness, any care that may have already been given, and pre-existing conditions such as diabetes(糖尿病)or heart trouble. The victim should be checked for a medical card that describes special medical conditions. Unless the accident scene becomes unsafe or the victim may suffer further injury, do not move the victim.
First aid requires rapid assessment of victims to determine whether life-threatening conditions exist. One method for evaluating a victim’s condition is known by the acronym(首字母缩写词)ABC, which stands for:
A---Airway: is it open and clear?
B---Breathing: is the person breathing? Look, listen, and feel for breathing.
C---Circulation: is there a pulse? Is the person bleeding extremely? Check skin color and temperature for additional indications of circulation problems.
【小题1】 First aid may bring about all the following results EXCEPT____.

A．saving a victim’s life

B．preventing a victim’s condition from getting worse.

C．relieving a victim from pain

D．helping a person avoid sudden illness or injury

【小题2】 Before we administer first aid to a victim, it is very important for us ____.

A．to make sure what to do and what not to do

B．to refer to all kinds of handbooks on first aid

C．to remove the ring or bracelet he/she may be wearing

D．to take him/her to a hospital at once

【小题3】In administering first aid to a victim, you should first of all ____.

A．remove him from the accident scene	B．turn him over
C．call for professional medical help	D．examine him carefully

【小题4】The purpose of the passage is to tell the reader _____.

A．the importance of protecting the accident scene

B．some basic facts about first aid

C．what professional medical help is

D．who can offer first aid

Annie had just begun school. Her parents were tired of the methods they were using to correct her behavior, including scolding (训斥), and taking away privileges (特权). Annie still needed to be scolded for her bad behavior, but her parents felt the good things she did needed to be recognized. So, they began to spend more time recognizing the improvements (改进) in Annie’s behavior and the good things she did every day rather than like before when they only noticed her bad behavior. Within a few weeks Annie began to change her attitude and her behavior improved.
Praise is one of the most powerful tools parents can use to teach their children good skills and help them grow. Praise works well when it is given and when you remember to use it frequently. It is important to praise all good behavior. Look for the good things your child does. Praise will have a lot of effects on your child. Use the 4 to 1 rule. For every bad behavior you notice, find four good behaviors or reasons to praise. It is a good way to remember to look for good behavior.
Remember to praise the things your child has already done well, or improvements in his behavior and new skills. Show your agreement by smiling and touching his shoulder or back. Be sure to say what your child did well in detail. Tell your child how good behavior helps and that it is liked by others.
【小题1】What was the result of recognizing Annie’s good behavior?

A．She started to correct her bad behavior.

B．She was tired of her parents’ scolding.

C．She was not scolded for her bad behavior.

D．She spent more time praising her good behavior.

【小题2】When praising children’s good behavior, parents should do the following EXCEPT __________.

A．praising their children for what they did in detail

B．encouraging their children to go on doing good things

C．telling their children more about their bad behavior

D．praising their children in a good way with smiles

【小题3】What can we learn from the passage?

A．Praising is a better way than scolding.

B．Annie was a middle school student.

C．Annie’s parents are education experts.

D．Parents should not often show agreement.

【小题4】The best title for this passage would be ____________.

A．How to Praise a Good Child

B．A Good Method of Praising Children

C．Praise More and Scold Less

D．The Importance of Good Behavior

William James, the great psychologist (心理学家), said that most men are “old fogies (守旧者) at twenty-five”. He was right. Most men at twenty-five are satisfied with their jobs. They have closed their minds to all new ideas; they have stopped to grow.
The minute a man stops to grow –no matter what his years –that minute he begins to be old. On the other hand, the really great man never grows old. Goethe passed away at eighty-three, and finished his Faust only a few years earlier; Gladstone took up a new language when he was seventy. Laplace, the astronomer, was still at work when death caught up with him at seventy-eight. He died crying, “What we know is nothing; what we do not know is immense (extremely large).”
And there you have the real answer to the question, “When is a man old?”
Laplace at seventy-eight died young. He was still unsatisfied, still sure that he had a lot to learn.
As long as a man can keep himself in that attitude of mind, as long as he can look back on every year and say, “I grew”, he is still young.
The minute he ceases (stops) to grow, the minute he says to himself, “I know all that I need to know,” –that day youth stops. He may be twenty-five or seventy-five; it makes no difference. On that day he begins to be old.
【小题1】According to William James, _______.

A．most people are not open to new ideas before 25.

B．few people continue to improve themselves after 25.

C．some people still try to make progress after 25.[来源:学,科,网]

D．all the people stop to make progress after 25.

【小题2】The author mentions Goethe, Gladstone and Laplace to show that _____.

A．the great man stops to grow that minute he begins to be old.

B．the really great man never grows old.

C．the great man usually dies young.

D．the really great man never dies.

【小题3】What do we know about Laplace?

A．He was a great writer.

B．He was not pleased with what he had learned.

C．He thought he was one of the greatest man.

D．He thought he was old when he was 25.

【小题4】The author probably agrees with _______.

A．people should be pleased with what they have.

B．people should try to make a great difference.

C．people should cease to grow when they are 25.

D．people should not be satisfied with what they know.

If you want to improve your child’s results at school, you could do a lot worse than ensuring that they do plenty of exercise. Scientists have already shown that physical activity can make you brainier. But a team in America has used scans to show that an important part of the brain actually grows in children who are fit. These youngsters tend to be more intelligent and have better memories than those who are inactive.
　　Scientists also found that one of the most important parts of their brains was 12 percent larger than those of unfit children. They believe that encouraging children to take exercise from a very young age could help them do better at school later. Researchers from the University of Illinois, in the U.S., studied the brains of 49 children aged nine and ten using a magnetic resonance imaging scan (核磁共振摄影扫描), a technique which provides very detailed pictures of organs and tissues in the body.
　　They also tested the fitness levels of the children by making them run on a treadmill (跑步机). The scientists found that the hippocampus, a part of the brain responsible for memory and learning, was around 12 percent larger in the fitter children.
　　Professor Art Kramer, who led the study published in the journal Brain Research, said the findings had important implications for encouraging individuals to take part in sport from a young age. “We knew that experience and environmental factors and socioeconomic status all impact brain development,” he said. “If you get some terrible genes from your parents, you can’t really fix that, and it’s not easy to do something about your economic status. But here’s something that we can do something about.”
【小题1】 If you want to improve your children’s result in school, ____________.

A．it is worse to ensure that they do plenty of exercise

B．you can have their brain scanned

C．it could be better to make sure that they do a lot of exercise

D．you can do a lot except ensuring that they do exercise

【小题2】 According to the passage, which of the following statements is NOT true?

A．The fitness level of the children is linked to their intelligence.

B．Children who have a larger hippocampus will probably have better memories.

C．You can do something about the genes from your parents.

D．Unhealthy children will probably have a smaller hippocampus than others.

【小题3】All the following factors that have some influence on one’s brain are mentioned EXCEPT ____________.

A．genetic factor

B．economic status

C．physical fitness

D．economic development

The saying that children don’t like reading any more has been proved untrue. A new study finds that 75 percent of kids between five and 17 say that although they love technology, they still want to read books．
The Kids & Family Reading Report also says that 62 percent of kids prefer reading printed books rather than those on a computer．At the same time, those who search an author’s website or use the Internet to find books by a particular author, are more likely to read books for fun every day．
The study also once again proves that the time kids spend reading books for fun decreases after the age of eight and continues to drop through the teen years．The report is a follow-up to a 2006 study．But this time the focus is on the role of technology and when kids’ interest in reading starts to drop．
“Despite the fact that after the age of eight more children go online daily than read for fun daily, high frequency Internet users are more likely to read books for fun every day,” says Heather Carter, a writer of the report．
One in four kids between five and 17 say they read books for fun every day and more than half of kids say they read books for fun at least two to three times a week．One of the key reasons kids say they don’t read more often is that they have trouble finding books they like - a requirement that parents underestimate(低估)．
The study also finds that parents have a strong influence on kids’ reading, but only about half of all parents begin reading to their kids before their first birthday．The percent of children who are read to every day drops from 38 percent among five-to eight-year-olds to 23 percent among nine-to 11-year-olds - exactly the same time that kids’ daily reading for fun starts to drop．
“Parents’ engagement in their child’s reading from birth all the way through the teen years can have a great influence on how often their children read and how much they enjoy reading,” adds Carter．
【小题1】What can we learn from the text?

A．Children don’t like reading any more after the age of 8.

B．Most children like reading as well as going online.

C．All kids like reading e – books instead of printed ones.

D．Most children like going online instead of reading.

【小题2】It can be inferred from the passage that        .

A．the study of kids’ reading has been made before

B．most parents begin reading to their kids from their birth

C．all kids like to get information using the Internet

D．nowadays all children still like to read books

【小题3】Which of the following is true according to the text?

A．The kids who often go online don’t like reading books.

B．Parents should teach their kids reading from an early age.

C．Sometimes it is difficult for kids to get the books they like.

D．When kids get older, parents spend more time with them.

【小题4】According to the text,        contributes a lot to children’s interest in reading.

A．the Internet	B．parents’ engagement
C．short supply of books	D．new technology

【小题5】What’s the best title of the passage?

A．Do kids still like reading?	B．Kids’ interest in reading drops
C．New technology on kids’ reading	D．Parents’ influence on kids’ reading

The best way of learning a language is using it. The best way of learning English is talking in English as much as possible. Sometimes you’ll get your words mixed up(混合)and people will not understand you. Sometimes people will say things too quickly and you can’t understand them. But if you keep your sense of humor(幽默感),you can always have a good laugh at the mistakes you make. Don’t be unhappy if people seem to be laughing at your mistakes. It’s better for people to laugh at your mistakes than to be angry with you, because they don’t understand what you are saying.The most important thing for learning English is:“Don’t be afraid of making mistakes because everyone makes mistakes.”
【小题1】What should you do in learning English?

A．Be careful not to make any mistake.	B．Write as quickly as you can.
C．Speak English as much as you can.	D．Laugh all the way.

【小题2】When people laugh at your mistakes, you should______.

A．not care

B．be happy

C．feel worried

D．be unhappy

【小题3】When you make a mistake, you should______.

A．keep quiet

B．get angry

C．be kind

D．keep your sense of humor

【小题4】 The story tells us: “________”

A．Only foolish people make mistakes	B．Few people make mistakes
C．People never make mistakes	D．There is no one who doesn’t make mistakes

Driving in a foreign country is always different in at least some ways from driving in your own country. Here are some general points regarding driving in New Zealand.
l Visitors wishing to drive in New Zealand do not require an international driver’s license but are required to carry their local driver’s license whenever driving.
l Vehicles drive on the left-hand side of the road as they do in Britain, Australia, and Japan. Most rental vehicles will have a sticker reminding you of this important fact.
l When the traffic light is red, you must stop. There is no left turn rule as in North America.
l New Zealand road rules follow international standards but please note that in New Zealand vehicles turning left must give way to traffic turning right.
l In general, if you are turning left (where there are give-way signs or no signs), give way to vehicles that not turning. In all other situations, give way to vehicles crossing or coming from your right.
l Seat belts must be worn at all times while driving in New Zealand. This stands for the driver and passengers. The driver is responsible for ensuring all passengers are wearing their seatbelts.
l Do not drink alcohol before driving in New Zealand—drinking and driving laws are strictly enforced.
l Speed limits are in kilometres per hour (kph), not miles per hour (mph).
Speed conversion: 1 kph equals 0.621 mph; 1 mph equals 1.61 kph.
l The speed limit on the open road is 100km/h. In towns and cities the speed limit is 50km/h. Be sure to obey all school crossing speed reductions as speed cameras operate regularly throughout New Zealand.
For further information and up to date road conditions visit: http://www.transit.govt.nz
【小题1】What can be learned from the passage?

A．A passenger’s not wearing the seat belt has little to do with the driver.

B．There will be a reminder for drivers to remember to drive on the left side.

C．Cars passing a school in towns should drive at a speed of less than 31 mph.

D．A foreign driver is expected to have a driving license issued by New Zealand.

【小题2】Which of the following statements correctly explains road rules in New Zealand?
A. In Figure 1, Car B must give way to Car A.
B. In Figure 2, Car B must give way to Car A.
C. In Figure 3, Car B must give way to Car A.
D. In Figure 4, Car B must give way to Car A.
 
【小题3】This passage is most likely ____________.

A．a travel brochure for locals

B．a website travel introduction

C．an advertisement of travel

D．a travel column in a geographical magazine

Do you know how to tell a story? The following are some tips:
Who Will Listen?
Will you tell your story to children of your own age? Will they be friends or young people you haven’t met before? Perhaps you will tell it to younger children．Or, will it be an audience of adults? Will it be just a few people, a small group, or a large audience?
Why Are You Telling It?
There are many reasons for telling a story．Knowing why you are telling it may be the most helpful reason for choosing a story for a particular audience．
Many storytellers choose tales just to entertain （娱乐）．They tell jokes or silly stories．Others want to teach something, such as how to be kinder to animals, the environment, or other people．One storyteller likes to encourage his listeners to try new things．Some babysitters tell stories to help children feel not afraid of thunder, lightning or scary shadows in their rooms．Others want to make people think or to help people remember．Some like to frighten their audiences with ghost stories．
Where Will You Speak?
How you tell your story and what story helpers you use depend on where you will be speaking．Will you be talking at an evening party, in your classroom, in a library storytelling program, at a family dinner, at a museum, at a storytelling festival, or during a religious program?
【小题1】The author mainly shows his ideas by ______．

A．listing questions	B．describing
C．comparing	D．giving examples

【小题2】According to the author, when telling a story, you should pay attention to ______．
①the hobbies of the audience
②the jobs of the audience
③the age of the audience
④the size of the audience
⑤the reason for telling a story

A．①②③

B．②③④

C．③④⑤

D．①③④

【小题3】The purpose of knowing why you are telling a story is to ______．

A．choose stories suitable for a certain audience

B．do something good to animals, the environment or other people

C．decide what can help you

D．satisfy different listeners

The Queen’s English is now sounding less upper-class, a scientific study of the Queen’s Christmas broadcasts has found. Researchers have studied each of her messages to the Commonwealth countries since 1952 to find out the change in her pronunciation from the noble Upper Received to the Standard Received.
Jonathan Harrington, a professor at Germany’s University of Munich, wanted to discover whether accent changes recorded over the past half century would take place within one person. “As far as I know, there just is nobody else for whom there is this sort of broadcast records,” he said.
He said the noble way of pronouncing vowels (元音) had gradually lost ground as the noble upper-class accent over the past years. “Her accent sounds slightly less noble than it did 50 years ago. But these are very, very small and slow changes that we don’t notice from year to year.”
“We may be able to relate it to changes in the social classes,” he told The Daily Telegraph, a British newspaper. “In 1952 she would have been heard saying ‘thet men in the bleck het’. Now it would be ‘that man in the black hat’. Similarly, she would have spoken of ‘the citay’ and ‘dutay’, rather than ‘citee’ and ‘dutee’, and ‘hame’ rather than ‘home’. In the 1950s she would have been ‘lorst’, but by the 1970s ‘lost’.”
The Queen’s broadcast is a personal message to the Commonwealth countries. Each  Christmas, the 10-minute broadcast is put on TV at 3 pm in Britain as many families are recovering from their traditional turkey lunch (传统火鸡午餐).
The results were published (发表) in the Journal of Phonetics.
【小题1】What is the text mainly about?

A．The relationship between accents and social classes.

B．The Queen’s Christmas speeches on TV.

C．The changes in a person’s accent.

D．The recent development of the English language.

【小题2】The Queen’s broadcasts were chosen for the study mainly because ______.

A．she has been Queen for many years

B．she has a less upper-class accent now

C．her speeches are familiar to many people

D．her speeches have been recorded for 50 years

【小题3】Which of the following is an example of a less noble accent in English?

A．“dutay”

B．“citee”

C．“hame”

D．“lorst”

【小题4】We may infer from the text that the Journal of Phonetics is a magazine on ______.

A．speech sounds	B．Christmas customs
C．TV broadcasting	D．personal messages

People say teenagers are no good. They make too much noise in shopping malls; they drive carelessly up and down America’s main streets. And at least some of the time those things are true. But we shouldn’t forget that there are hard moments in the life of a teenager too.
I watched such a moment not long ago at a woman’s funeral which happened in a church. A teenage grandson stepped forward. Softly he began:“ I want to share a few values that Nana taught me. She never failed to see light in any situation. When our family dog would attack her, what would Nana say? ‘Oh, what beautiful markings that dog has.’ That was Nana.
“She was a strong woman who often lived in the shadow of my grandpa, who was a successful businessman in this city. But she was the one behind the scenes who provided the strength and support for Grandpa’s career,” he said, with a voice now trembling. “That was Nana’s way.”
Finally, in a voice breaking free of sorrow, he looked up and said, “Nana taught me courage. She put up a fight to the end, when she died peacefully, which is how she lived her life. That was Nana’s way, and I hope I can carry on in the same manner.”
There are no hearts as sensitive as those of teenagers, because everything is happening to them for the first time. The trouble with teenagers is that they haven’t learned to be controlled. When that boy rose to speak about the woman who had been his dearest friend, his honest voice dragged each of us out into the open where we could no longer hide. I was moved and learned a lot.
【小题1】According to the first paragraph, ______.

A．young people are living a hard life

B．people don’t think highly of the teenagers

C．people shouldn’t forget the young people

D．young people should keep quiet before the public

【小题2】 From the boy’s speech, we know his grandmother ______.

A．was a weak woman living in the shadow of his grandpa

B．liked dogs very much even if they often attacked her

C．could see everything around her though she was old

D．had great influence over the boy when she was alive

【小题3】We can infer from the passage that the boy ______.

A．was filled with sadness and gave up finishing his talk

B．was always very good at expressing himself

C．practiced a lot in order to give a moving speech

D．had great difficulty in accepting the loss of Nana

【小题4】The writer wanted to tell the readers ______.

A．the young people were too weak to face certain facts

B．the young people have learned to control themselves

C．the adults could learn something valuable from the young

D．the adults should teach the young how to deal with the death