All schoolchildren should have "happiness" lessons up to the age of 18 to combat(fight) growing levels of depression, according to a senior Government adviser.
Pupils should study subjects such as how to manage feelings, attitudes to work and money, channeling (引导) negative emotions and even how to take a critical view of the media, said Lord Layard, a professor of economics at the London School of Economics.
The proposal comes only days after the Government said that lessons in manners—including respect for the elderly and how to say "please" and "thank you" should be taught in secondary schools to combat bad behavior.
Lord Layard said, "Learning hard things takes an enormous amount of practice. To play the violin well takes10,000 hours of practice. How can we expect people to learn to be happy without massive amounts of practice and repetition?"
It is believed that at least two percent of British children under 12 now struggle with significant depression. Among teenagers, the figure rises to five percent. AUNICEF study involving 21 developed countries showed that British children were the least satisfied with their lives, while the World Health Organization predicts that childhood psychiatric (精神)disorders will rise by 50 percent by 2020.
In a speech at Cambridge University, Lord Layard said the Government's lessons in manners did not go far enough. "We need a commitment to producing a major specialism in this area, with a serious teacher training program," he said.
However, happiness lessons have been criticized by academics. Frank Furedi, a sociology professor at Kent University and author of Therapy Culture, said, "In pushing emotional literacy, what some teachers are really doing is abandoning teaching. They are giving up and talking about emotions instead, so that children value all this non-discipline-led activity more than math, English or science. What is amazing about this is that time and time again, research says that it does not work. "
【小题1】 Frank Furedi believes that ______.

A．happiness lessons should be taught to children

B．happiness lessons are just a waste of time

C．formal teaching can go side by side with happiness lessons

D．formal teaching should not give way to happiness lessons

【小题2】 We can conclude from the passage that _______.

A．the British Government hasn't fully realized the problems with British students

B．Lord Layard thinks little of the Government's lessons in manners

C．British students are not well-behaved enough

D．lessons in manners have brought about positive changes in British students

【小题3】 Which of the following methods does Lord Layard use to show learning to be happy takes practice?

A．Comparison.

B．Description.

C．Argument.

D．Analysis.

【小题4】 What does Lord Layard think of the Government's lessons in manners?

A．They are quite enough to solve the present problem.

B．They can hardly meet the special demands of education.

C．They are only focused on a major specialism.

D．They will probably end up in failure.

【小题5】What do we know about British children from the passage? 

A．They are the least happy among 21 developed countries.

B．They suffer depression at an earlier age.

C．They are the easiest to suffer childhood psychiatric disorders.

D．Their standard of living is the lowest among 21 developed countries.

There were smiling children all the way. Clearly they knew at what time the train passed their homes and they made it their business to stand along the railway, wave to complete strangers and cheer them up as they rushed towards Penang. Often whole families stood outside their homes and waved and smiled as if those on the trains were their favorite relatives. This is the simple village people of Malaysia. I was moved.
I had always traveled to Malaysia by plane or car, so this was the first time I was on a train. I did not particularly relish the long train journey and had brought along a dozen magazines to read and reread. I looked about the train. There was not one familiar face. I sighed and sat down to read my Economics.
It was not long before the train was across the Causeway and in Malaysia. Johore Baru was just another city like Singapore, so I was tired of looking at the crowds of people as they hurried past. As we went beyond the city, I watched the straight rows of rubber trees and miles and miles of green. Then the first village came into sight. Immediately I came alive; I decided to wave back.
From then on my journey became interesting. I threw my magazines into the waste basket and decided to join in Malaysian life. Then everything came alive. The mountains seemed to speak to me. Even the trees were smiling. I stared at everything as if I was looking at it for the first time.
The day passed fast and I even forgot to have my lunch until I felt hungry. I looked at my watch and was surprised that it was 3:00 pm. Soon the train pulled up at Butterworth. I looked at the people all around me. They all looked beautiful. When my uncle arrived with a smile, I threw my arms around him to give him a warm hug (拥抱). I had never done this before. He seemed surprised and then his weather-beaten face warmed up with a huge smile. We walked arm in arm to his car.
I looked forward to the return journey.
【小题1】 The author expected the train trip to be________ .

A．adventurous

B．pleasant

C．exciting

D．dull

【小题2】 What did the author remember most fondly of her train trip?

A．The friendly country people.	B．The mountains along the way.
C．The crowds of people in the streets.	D．The simple lunch served on the train.

【小题3】 Which of the following words can best take the place of the word "relish" in the second paragraph?

A．choose

B．enjoy

C．prepare for

D．carry on

【小题4】 Where was the writer going?

A．Johore Baru

B．The Causeway.

C．Butterworth

D．Singapore

【小题5】 What can we learn from the story?

A．Comfort in traveling by train.	B．Pleasure of living in the country.
C．Reading gives people delight.	D．Smiles brighten people up.

Many schools have established successful home visit programs. Home visits by teachers let parents and children know how much teachers care. Also, it is a way for teachers to learn more about their students , get the parents to pay more attention to their children’s education and bridge cultural gaps that might exist between students and teachers. Most teachers report that their home visits have a lasting effect on the child, the parents and on parent—teacher communication.
The Head Start program has used home visits for many years. Head Start teachers are required to make at least two home visits for each student, regardless of their ability, during each school year in addition to regular parent-teacher conferences at school. Many U.S. kindergartens also require home visits by teachers before school starts.
The visit approach varies from school to school and usually depends on the funding the source. In some schools, teachers prefer to visit in pairs. They feel more comfortable that way and sometimes need a translator in order to communicate with a child’s parents. Other teachers visit one-on-one with parents. Some interact with both the child and the parent. Many teachers may bring along learning activities for the child that also involve the parents participation. Normally, visits can last from 30 to 90 minutes, depending on the teacher and the activities.
When teachers get to know their students and their students’ families, the parents become more active in their children’s education. Home visits, not unnecessary as some people think, can give teachers the ideas they need to help all students succeed.
【小题1】 Home visits by teachers can         

A．bridge cultural gaps existing between parents and teachers.

B．get students know that their teachers care about their parents.

C．get parents involved in their children’s education.

D．help establish good relationships between parents and children.

【小题2】From the second paragraph we know that home visits       

A．are not a new idea

B．are traditionally done by teachers before school starts

C．are meant for students with low marks

D．have replaced parent-teacher meeting

【小题3】What is the third paragraph about?

A．Reasons for home visists

B．Forms of home visits

C．Advantages of home visits

D．Tips for home visits

【小题4】 What is the effect of home visits?

A．Parents have more opportunities to play with children

B．Students can succeed more easily through their own efforts.

C．Parents play a decisive role in children’s education.

D．Teachers can learn more about how to help students.

Recently,university students around the world were asked to volunteer in a global experiment called Unplugged.It was designed to see how young people would react if they were asked to observe a total media ban by unplugging all forms of media devices for 24 hours.
Unplugged is being run by Dr Roman Gerodimos，a lecturer in Communication and Journalism at Bournemouth University.During the experiment，Dr Gerodimos said there were already  signs of how much the exercise affected volunteers.He said：“They’re reporting withdrawal symptoms，overeating，feeling nervous，isolated and disconnected.”
During their 24-hour test，three of the experiment’s participants were followed around by a BBC reporter plus cameraman.They were asked to write down 100 lines about their day offline，but of course，they all waited until the next day when they had access to their laptops.
Elliot Day wrote：“Today,my whole morning routine was thrown up into the air.Despite being  aware of the social importance of the media,I was surprised by how empty my life felt without the radio or newspapers.”
From Caroline Scott，we read：“I didn’t expect it，but being deprived of the media for 24 hours resulted in my day-to-day activities becoming so much harder to carry out than usual…I didn’t break out in a cold sweat like our lecturer expected us all to，but It’s not something l would like to do again！”
And Charlotte Gay wrote：“I have to say the most difficult item for me to be without has been  my  mobile；not  only is it a social device，it’s  my main access point of communication.”
Earlier in the year,a UK government study found that in the UK we spend about half our waking hours using the media,often plugged into several things at once.So,with technology continuing to develop at an alarming rate,how much time will you set aside for sleep in the future?
【小题1】What can we learn about the volunteers?

A．Volunteers didn’t write down about their day offline.

B．Volunteers weren’t allowed to use any media for 24 hours.

C．Volunteers were followed around by Dr Roman Gerodimos.

D．Only volunteers in the UK took part in Unplugged experiment.

【小题2】Which of the following is NOT mentioned about the participants’feelings？

A．Anxious.

B．Lonely

C．Bored.

D．Despaired.

【小题3】Which of the following is true of Caroline Scott？

A．The media ban affected his temperature.

B．His work went on smoothly without the media.

C．His work was carried on hard without the media.

D．His life was empty without the radio or newspapers.

【小题4】What can be inferred from the last paragraph?

A．People should use the media devices reasonably.

B．People can easily survive the media devices addict.

C．People can spend more time sleeping in the future.

D．People spend about half the time using the media devices.

【小题5】The text is most probably a         .

A．newspaper ad	B．book review
C．news report	D．science fiction story

The most exciting kind of education is also the most personal． Nothing can exceed （超越) the joy of discovering for yourself something that is important to you! It may be an idea or a bit of information you come across accidentally—or a sudden insight, fitting together pieces of information or working through a problem． Such personal encounters are the “payoff” in education． A teacher may direct you to learning and even encourage you in it—but no teacher can make the excitement or the joy happen． That's up to you．

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A research paper, assigned in a course and perhaps checked at various stages by an instructor, leads you beyond classrooms, beyond the texts for classes and into a process where the joy of discovery and learning can come to you many times． Preparing the research paper is an active and individual process, and ideal learning process． It provides a structure within which you can make exciting discoveries, of knowledge and of self, that are basic to education． But the research paper also gives you a chance to individualize a school assignment, to suit a piece of work to your own interests and abilities, to show others what you can do． Writing a research paper is more than just a classroom exercise． It is an experience in searching out, understanding and synthesizing（综合）, which forms the basis of many skills applicable（可利用的） to both academic and nonacademic tasks． It is, in the fullest sense, a discovering of an education． So, to produce a good research paper is both a useful and a thoroughly satisfying experience!

To some, the thought of having to write an assigned number of pages, often more than ever produced before, is upsetting． To others, the very idea of having to work independently is threatening． But there is no need to approach paper assignment with anxiety, and nobody should view the research paper as an obstacle to overcome． Instead, consider it a goal to accomplish, a goal within reach if you use the help this book can give you．
【小题1】According to the writer, personal discoveries          ．

A．will give one encouragement and direction

B．are helpful in finding the right information

C．are the most valuable part of one's personal education

D．will help one to successfully complete school assignments

【小题2】It can be inferred from the passage that writing a research paper gives one chances        ．

A．to fully develop one's personal abilities

B．to use the skills learnt in the classroom

C．to prove that one is a productive writer

D．to demonstrate how well one can accomplish school assignment

【小题3】The writer argues in the passage that       ．

A．one should explore new areas in research

B．one should trust one's own ability to meet course requirements

C．one should consider research paper writing a pleasure, not a burden

D．one should use all one's knowledge and skills when doing research

【小题4】What will probably follow this passage?

A．How to write a research paper．

B．The importance of research in education．

C．How to make new discoveries for oneself．

D．The skill of putting pieces of information together．

“There is an out – of – date idea that children grow up and leave home when they’re 18,and the truth is far from that,” says Mr．Larry Bumpass of the University of Wisconsin．Today unexpected numbers of young adults are living with their parents．“There is a great change in the middle class,” declares Allan Schnaiberg of Northwestern University, whose son, 19, moved back in after an absence of eight months．
Scientists show a number of reasons for this return to the nest．The marriage age is rising, a condition that makes home and its pleasantness particularly attractive to young people．A high divorce （离婚） rate and a low remarriage rate make some differences．For some, the expense of an away - from - home college education has become so great that many students now attend local schools．Even after graduation, young people find their wings tied by terrible housing costs．
Living at home, says Knighton, a school teacher, continues to give security （安全保卫） and moral（道义的） support．Her mother agreed．“Its strange for the kids to pay all that money for rent．It makes sense for kids to stay at home．” But sharing the family home requires changes for all．There are the hassles over bathrooms, telephones and privacy．Some families, however, manage the careful balancing act．But for others, it proves too difficult．Michelle Del Turco, 24, has been home three times and left three times．“What I considered a social drink, my dad considered an alcohol （酒精） problem,” she explains．“He never liked anyone I dated, so I either had to hide away or meet them at friends' houses．”
Just how long should adult children live with their parents before moving on? Most scientists feel lengthy homecomings are a mistake．Children, can end up with a sense of defeat and failure．And aging parents, who should be enjoying some freedom, find themselves stuck with too many things．Many agree that brief visits, however, can work well．
【小题1】According to the author, there was once a trend in the U．S．________．

A．for young adults to leave their parents and live separately

B．for middle class young adults to stay with their parents

C．for married young adults to move back home after a lengthy absence

D．for young adults to get jobs nearby in order to live with their parents

【小题2】Which of the following does not lead to young adults returning to the nest?

A．Young adults find housing costs too high．

B．Young adults are not old enough．

C．Young adults look for parental comfort and support．

D．Quite a number of young adults attend local schools．

【小题3】The underlined word “hassles” in the passage probably means _________．

A．agreements	B．worries
C．disadvantages	D．quarrels

【小题4】According to the passage what is the best for both parents and children?

A．They should share the family expenses．

B．Children should leave their parents when they are grown up．

C．Adult children should live away from their parents and visit their parents from time to time．

D．Parents should support their adult children when they are in trouble．

【小题5】．One of the disadvantages of young adults returning to slay with their parents is that ______．

A．there will certainly be inconveniences in even-day life

B．most parents find it difficult to keep a bigger family going

C．the young adults try to be overprotected by their parents

D．public opinion is against young adults staying with their parents

Parents whose children show a special interest in a sport feel very difficult to make a decision about their children’s careers．Should they allow their children to train to become top sports men or women? For many children it means starting schoolwork very young, and going out with friends and other interests have to take a second place．It’s very difficult to explain to a young child why he or she has to train five hours a day, even at the weekend, when most of his or her friends are playing．
Another problem is of course money．In many countries money for training is available from government for the best young sportsmen and sportswomen．If this help can not be given, it means that it is the parents who have to find the time and the money to support their child’s development and sports clothes, transport to competitions, special equipment, etc．All can be expensive.
Many parents are worried that it is dangerous to start serious training in a sport at an early age．Some doctors agree that young muscles may be damaged by training before they are properly developed．Professional trainers, however, believe that it is only by training young when young that you can reach the top as a successful sports person．It is clear that very few people do reach the top, and both parents and children should be prepared for failure even after many years of training．
【小题1】Where can we most probably find this passage?

A．An advertisement.	B．A diary.
C．A newspaper.	D．A notice board.

【小题2】What does the underlined phrase “to take a second place” in the first paragraph mean?

A．To become less important.

B．To put it at another place.

C．To happen again.

D．They are the most important of all the things.

【小题3】Which of the following statements is true according to the passage?

A．It’s easy to make a decision when your children want to take up sports.

B．Most of the students may become top sports men after a long period of training.

C．Early training may damage young muscles

D．It’s not very expensive for parents to support their children’s development in sports.

Is early childhood education really necessary? Early childhood education primarily focuses on learning through playing to develop the child’s physical, sensory, communicational and social development． Early childhood education has become a concern of the government, who pushes poor children to be formally trained before they are old enough for Kindergarten．
There are good reasons for the government to push early childhood education．Studies have shown that orphaned children who did not receive good care and education become developmentally delayed causing failure in school, and even in life．Further studies show that poor children who take part in Head Start programs are more prepared for school, less likely to end up in Special Education classes, and are less likely to receive public help or go to jail．
There are also negative parts to putting a child in formal education programs too early．Time Magazine online explains that “the younger the child the less his chances of catching up with first-grade work．” I have personally witnessed many children of my generation who went to Head Start programs become frustrated and bored with school before they finished high school．Yet parents have been sure that the earlier the child starts school, the better off he or she is, so they push to start children earlier．
Actually while early formal education of poor children does show great gains in the early elementary years, studies also show that this head start is really a “false start”, as the gains are lost in middle and high school years．It seems that environment is a bigger factor on life’s success than early education．Head Start programs have not achieved its original goal in closing the achievement gap in poor and middle school children．Perhaps it is time to find other ways to close that gap．
【小题1】The purpose of the government valuing the early childhood education is ________．
A．to develop the children’s communication
A．to give orphaned children good care and education
C．to get the children prepared for the kindergarten
D．to train the children formally and regularly
【小题2】According to the studies, which of the following is True?

A．Children with good early education may have a rich life．

B．The orphaned children are usually unhappy in their life．

C．Children without early education can do well at school．

D．Head Start programs are helpful to the poor children．

【小题3】The author’s attitude toward the early childhood education is _________．

A．puzzling

B．objective

C．indifferent

D．approving

【小题4】The main idea of the last passage is that __________．

A．the early childhood education is very necessary

B．Head Start programs have helped the children a lot

C．environment is the most important to life’s success

D．better ways should be found to help the poor children

There is no doubt that much of the profit of a business—sometimes the whole of its success—depends upon the use of the odds and ends．The odds and ends are various small things，which are left over when the main things are produced．But they possess a real value of their own．
If a business，big or small，looked down upon these odds and ends，it would mean a big difference in the amount of the benefit of the business．Take a meat factory for instance， there are countless odds and ends—bones and hair，which can be made into glue and rope to increase its profit greatly．
Then，if we are college students，what about our odds and ends—the odd moments？ Take time for example．Every one of us has the exact same amount of it．Everyone’s success or failure depends on the use of their time．But everyone uses the time more or less in the same way．However，why many great men in science or art have made huge successes for themselves in the world？Because they have made best use of their odd moments．Take Thomas A．Edison， he never allowed his odd moments to slip by．He thought，planned，and tried his inventions．He always worked twenty hours out of each twenty-four．His inventions made him famous all over the world，and provided valuable wealth for the human beings．
So, remember this axiom：very busy people always find time for everything．However，people with great spare time find time for nothing．Is it very strange？Not at all！The question is how to gather up fragments of time and make full use of them．As many big businesses have found，that the real profit is in using the odds and ends．We also must do in this way to make best use of our odd moments and manage to be successful in something that we do．
【小题1】 What are odds and ends？

A．They are nothing useful．

B．They are various small，but valuable things．

C．They are the main things that factories produce．

D．They are odd moments students deny to gather up．

【小题2】 Why should the odds and ends be made full use of ？Because  ____   ．

A．lots of factors in success or in failure depend on the best use of odds and ends

B．they control to possess a value of their own

C．they are various small things people don’t want

D．they are useless things left over when the main things are produced

【小题3】What does the word “Axiom” in the fourth paragraph mean?

A．clear and evident without proof

B．statement accepted as true without proof of argument

C．statement that can be argued

D．regulation accepted in scientific usage

【小题4】 “Fragments of time” equals  “____   ”in the above passage．

A．the odds and ends	B．immense leisure
C．the main things	D．the odd moments

“Who is Gogo?” Almost every pupil in Hong Kong, Japan, Taiwan and Thailand will tell you: “Gogo is from outer space and is teaching children to speak and read English.”
Gogo has visited Hong Kong, Taiwan, Japan, Thailand and Korea. Now he is in China’s mainland—“Gogo has Adventure with English” has been published by Addison Wesley Longman China Ltd (AWL).
The six level English course, full of exciting stories, educates and delights children at the same time. Gogo learns English from his friends, Tony and Jenny. The children will learn along with Gogo, enjoying all the fun he produces. Gogo has a warm place in every young learner’s heart wherever he goes.
A presentation (介绍) about Gogo was given by Beijing AWL Information Centre last November. All the pupils in Huijia School attended the presentation. A foreign teacher at Huijia later said, “The children were attracted by Gogo after only a 45-minute presentation. They remember a song taught by Gogo seven weeks later. Parents often ask me how they can help their children learn English and now there’s a programme I can direct them to.”
Clive Sawkins, Paul Price-Smiths and Gregg Schroeder worked closely at AWL to make sure that Gogo will become an easily recognized symbol (标志) of learning English wherever English is studied. “Gogo is our baby,” said Gregg. “It is very easy to get children going with Gogo.”
【小题1】 What is the passage mainly about?

A．Gogo visits Asian countries.	B．Gogo receives high praise.
C．Children love to learn with Gogo.	D．AWL introduces Gogo.

【小题2】 It can be learned from the passage that Gogo is       .

A．an English teacher	B．an English boy
C．an English textbook?	D．a character in an English textbook

【小题3】 In what way is Gogo a great help to young learners?

A．He teaches them English through songs.

B．He teaches them English through adventure stories.

C．He helps them to remember English words.

D．He makes English lessons full of fun.