C
Education is not an end but a means to an end．In other words, we do not educate children only for the purpose of educating them．Our purpose is to fit them for life．
In some modern countries, it has for some time been fashionable to think that by free education for all one can solve all the problems of society and build a perfect nation．But we have already seen that free education for all is not enough; we find in some countries a far larger number of people with university degrees．They refuse to do what they think “low” work and, in fact, work with hands is thought to be dirty and shameful in such countries．But we have only to think a moment to understand that the work of a completely uneducated farmer is far more important than that of professor．We can live without education, but we die if we have no food．If no one cleaned our streets and took the rubbish away from our houses, we should get terrible diseases．
In fact, when we say that all of us must be educated to fit us for life, it means that we must be educated in certain ways．Firstly each of us can do whatever work suited to our brains and ability．Secondly, we should realize that all jobs are necessary to society．It is very bad to be shamed of one’s work．Only such a type of education can be considered valuable to society．
【小题1】What would be the best title for the text?

A．The Means of Education．	B．The System of Education．
C．The Value of Education．	D．The Type of Education．

【小题2】From the second paragraph of the passage we know that ________．

A．work with hands is low work because it is dirty and shameful．

B．the work of the completely uneducated is the most important．

C．education is no more important than food in order to live．

D．we shouldn’t think of work with hands as low work．

【小题3】What kind of educational system is valuable to society?

A．A large number of people can go to university．

B．Everyone can solve all the problems of society．

C．All the people can get free education．

D．Everyone must be educated differently to fit them for society．

【小题4】What can be inferred from the passage?

A．Our society needs all kinds of jobs．

B．Free education for all is enough．

C．A farmer is more important than a professor．

D．People with university degrees shouldn’t do low work．

C
So long as teachers fail to distinguish between teaching and learning, they will continue to undertake everything to do for children that only children can do for themselves. Teaching children to read is not passing reading on to them. It is certainly not endless hours spent in activities about reading. Douglas insists that “reading cannot be taught directly and schools should stop trying to do the impossible”.
Teaching and learning are two entirely different processes. They differ in kind and function. The function of teaching is to create the conditions and the climate that will make it possible for children to devise the most efficient system for teaching themselves to read. Teaching is also a public activity. It can be seen and observed.
Learning to read, however, involves all that each individual does to make sense of the world of printed language. Almost all of it is private, for learning is an occupation of the mind, and that process is not open to public scrutiny.
If teacher and learner roles are not interchangeable, what then can be done through teaching that will aid the child in the quest (探索) for knowledge? Smith has one principal rule for all teaching instructions. “Make learning to read easy, which means making reading a meaningful, enjoyable and frequent experience for children.”
When the roles of teacher and learner are seen for what they are, and when both teacher and learner fulfill them appropriately, then much of the pressure and feeling of failure for both is eliminated. Learning to read is made easier when teachers create an environment where children are given the opportunity to solve the problem of learning to read by reading.
【小题1】The problem with the reading course as mentioned in the first paragraph is that
________.

A．it is one of the most difficult school courses

B．students spend endless hours in reading

C．reading tasks are assigned with little guidance

D．too much time is spent in teaching about reading

【小题2】The teaching of reading will be successful if ________.

A．teachers can improve conditions at school for the students

B．teachers can enable students to develop their own way of reading

C．teachers can devise the most efficient system for reading

D．teachers can make their teaching activities observable

【小题3】The underlined word “scrutiny” most probably means “________”.

A．inquiry

B．observation

C．control

D．suspect

【小题4】According to the passage, learning to read will no longer be a difficult task when
________.

A．children become highly motivated

B．teacher and learner roles are interchangeable

C．teaching helps children in the search for knowledge

D．reading enriches children’s experience

【小题5】 The main idea of the passage is that ________.

A．teachers should do nothing in helping students learn to read

B．teachers should encourage students to read as widely as possible

C．reading ability is something acquired rather than taught

D．reading is more complicated than generally believed

A
For many parents, raising a teenager is like fighting a long war, but years go by without any clear winner. Like a border conflict between neighboring countries, the parent-teen war is about boundaries: Where is the line between what I control and what you do?
Both sides want peace, but neither feels it has any power to stop the conflict. In part, this is because neither is willing to admit any responsibility for starting it. From the parents’ point of view, the only cause of their fight is their adolescents’ complete unreasonableness. And of course, the teens see it in exactly the same way, except oppositely. 
In this article, I’ll describe three no-win situations that commonly arise between teens and parents and then suggest some ways out of the dilemma. The first no-win situation is quarrels over unimportant things. Examples include the color of the teen’s hair, the cleanliness of the bedroom, the preferred style of clothing, the child’s failure to eat a good breakfast before school, or his tendency to sleep until noon on the weekends. Second, blaming. The goal of a blaming battle is to make the other admit that his bad attitude is the reason why everything goes wrong. Third, needing to be right. It doesn’t matter what the topic is — politics, the laws of physics, or the proper way to break an egg — the point of these arguments is to prove that you are right and the other person is wrong, for both wish to be considered an authority — someone who actually knows something — and therefore to command respect. Unfortunately, as long as parents and teens continue to assume that they know more than the other, they’ll continue to fight these battles forever and never make any real progress.
【小题1】Why does the author compare the parent-teen war to a border conflict?

A．Both can continue for generations.

B．Both are about where to draw the line.

C．Neither has any clear winner.

D．Neither can be put to an end.

【小题2】What does the underlined part in Paragraph 2 mean?

A．The teens blame their parents for starting the conflict.

B．The teens agree with their parents on the cause of the conflict.

C．The teens accuse their parents of misleading them.

D．The teens tend to have a full understanding of their parents.

【小题3】Parents and teens want to be right because they want to ________.

A．give orders to the other	B．know more than the other
C．gain respect from the other	D．get the other to behave properly

【小题4】What will the author most probably discuss in the paragraph that follows?

A．Causes for the parent-teen conflicts.

B．Examples of the parent-teen war.

C．Solutions for the parent-teen problems.

D．Future of the parent-teen relationship.

【小题5】Where do you think this passage can be found?

A．In a report.	B．In a letter.
C．In a novel.	D．In a textbook.

D
Life is difficult.
It is a great truth because once we truly understand and accept it, then life is no longer difficult.
Most do not fully see this truth. Instead they complain about their problems and difficulties as if life should be easy. It seems to them that difficulties stand for a special kind of suffering especially forced on them or else on their families, their class, or even their nation.
What makes life difficult is that the process of facing and solving problems is a painful one. Problems, depending on their nature, cause sadness, or loneliness or regret or anger or fear.
These are uncomfortable feelings, often as painful as any kind of physical pain. And since life causes a lot of problems, life is always difficult and is full of pain as well as joy.
Yet, it is in this whole process of solving problems that life has its meaning. Problems are the serious test that tells us success from failure. When we want to encourage the growth of human spirit, we encourage the human ability to solve problems, just as in school we set problems for our children to solve. It is through the pain of meeting and working out problems that we learn. As Benjamin Franklin said, “Those things that hurt, instruct(指导).” It is for this reason that wise people learn not to fear but to welcome the pain of problems.
【小题1】Which sentence best express the central point of the passage?

A．Problems and difficulties represent a special kind of suffering.

B．We become stronger by facing and solving problems of life.

C．Life is difficult because our problems bring us pain.

D．People like to complain about their problems.

【小题2】The writer probably used just one short sentence in the first paragraph to ___.

A．save space	B．persuade readers
C．make readers laugh	D．get readers’ attention

【小题3】The main idea of paragraph 3 is that _________.

A．most people feel life is easy

B．the writer feel life is easy

C．the writer likes to complain about his problems

D．most people complain about how hard their lives are

【小题4】According to the passage, we give school children difficult problems to solve in  order to ______.

A．encourage them to learn

B．teach them to fear the pain of solving the problems

C．help them learn to deal with pain

D．teach them how to respect problems

【小题5】The saying from Benjamin Franklin “Those things that hurt, instruct” suggests that ______.

A．we do not learn from experience

B．we do not learn when we are in pain

C．pain teaches us important lessons

D．pain cannot be avoided

If you’re like most students, you may find it challenging to learn a foreign language. However, there are a few tips you can use in order to earn a top grade —— as well as actually use the skills you’ve learned.
One of the most important and basic lessons in dealing with a foreign language is to learn and understand each concept and lesson before moving on to the next one. If you don’t understand one concept but move on to the next chapter anyway, you’re less likely to understand the new material.
Learning a new language is not only an academic tool, but can help you in your everyday life as well. Being good at another language can help you communicate with other people, and help you when traveling to foreign countries, and even make your resume look better.
And it is important to learn correct pronunciation as soon as possible for poor pronunciation can be hard to break. Native speakers of the language as well as others fluent in the language you are learning will appreciate your efforts to learn correct pronunciation.
Gather outside materials such as books, study guides, books on tape, and travel books to aid you in learning the language. Your textbooks can’t possibly teach you everything you need to know, so seeking outside sources is generally a good rule of thumb to keep in mind.
A significant motivator in learning a foreign language is traveling to the country where the language is spoken. That way, you can see firsthand how the language is used, learn the culture, and meet native speakers of the language. Native speakers appreciate sincere attempts of others who take the time to learn their language.
Seek out native speakers of your new language in your school or neighborhood. They can help you with many skills, including pronunciation, and they can provide immediate feedback on your progress.
【小题1】This passage is written to        .

A．explain why learning a foreign language is challenging

B．tell us the importance of learning foreign languages

C．tell us some ways of earning a top grade

D．give us some tips on learning foreign languages

【小题2】Which of the following can best summarize the main idea of Paragraph 3?

A．Think beyond academics.

B．Learn each concept.

C．Plan a trip to use your skills.

D．Consider a language as a tool.

【小题3】We can learn from the passage that           .

A．textbooks are not good for us when learning a foreign language

B．learning pronunciation well from the very beginning is very important

C．poor pronunciation can be easy to break with the help of native speakers

D．seeking too many outside sources will be more harmful than beneficial

【小题4】What is suggested doing in the last paragraph?

A．Going on a trip abroad.

B．Practicing with native speakers.

C．Asking for feedback from our teachers.

D．Finding a motivator in learning language.

【小题5】In which part of a website would this text probably appear?

A．Entertainment.

B．History.

C．Education.

D．Nature.

Maybe you are an average(一般的) student. You probably think you will never be a top student. However, anyone can become better if he or she does his or her best. Here are some tips to help you.
★ Plan your time carefully. You should plan your time for things such as eating, sleeping and dressing. Then make a good, regular time for studying. But don’t forget to set enough time for entertainment.
★ Keep your study quiet and clean. The study should have a desk, a chair and some study materials, but no games, no radio and no television! When you sit down to study, you can put your heart into it. Make good use of your time.
★ Listen to everything that the teacher says. Listening carefully in class means less work later. Taking notes will help you remember what the teacher says.
★ After you get home from school, go over your notes. Review the important points. If you know what your teacher is going to discuss next day, read the material. It will help you study better.
★ Develop a good attitude to tests. The purpose of a test is to show what you have learned about a subject. It helps you know what you are not good at. The world will still go on even if you fail in a test, so don’t be too worried.
【小题1】How many tips are mentioned in the passage?

A．Three.

B．Four.

C．Five.

D．Six.

【小题2】What does the underlined word “study” mean in Chinese?

A．学习

B．研究

C．书房

D．教室

【小题3】Which is a good place for studying?

A．A clean and beautiful place.

B．The place with a computer.

C．The place with a television and a radio.

D．A quiet place with a chair, a desk and some study materials.

【小题4】Which of the following is NOT true?

A．The purpose of a test is to show what you are good at.

B．After class, you should review what you have learned.

C．You should listen to your teacher and take notes carefully in class.

D．When you plan your time, you should think of the time for eating, sleeping and so on.

【小题5】What’s the passage mainly about?

A．How to become a better student.	B．How to plan your time.
C．How to study English.	D．How to take notes.

There are two factors which determine an individual's intelligence. The first is the sort of brain he is born with. Human brains differ considerably, some being more capable than others. But no matter how good a brain he has to begin with, an individual will have a low order of intelligence unless he has opportunities to learn. So the second factor is what happens to the individual—the sort of environment in which he is reared (培养). If an individual is handicapped (妨碍) environmentally, it is likely that his brain will fail to develop and he will never attain the level of intelligence of which he is capable.
The importance of environment in determining an individual's intelligence can be demonstrated by the case history of the identical twins, Peter and Mark X. Being identical, the twins had identical brains at birth, and their growth processes were the same. When the twins were three months old, their parents died, and they were placed in separate foster homes. Peter was reared by parents of low intelligence in an isolated community with poor educational opportunities. Mark was reared in the home of well-to-do parents who had been to college. He was read to as a child, sent to good schools, and given every opportunity to be stimulated intellectually. This environmental difference continued until the twins were in their late teens, when they were given tests to measure their intelligence. Mark's I.Q. was 125, twenty-five points higher than the average and fully forty points higher than his identical brother. Given equal opportunities, the twins, having identical brains, would have tested at roughly the same level.
【小题1】This passage can be best titled_________.

A．Intelligence and Environment

B．Measuring Your Intelligence

C．The Case of Peter and Mark

D．How the brain Influences Intelligence

【小题2】According to the passage, the average I.Q. is _____.

A．85

B．125

C．110

D．100

【小题3】The case history of the twins appears to support the conclusion that _______.

A．individual with identical brains seldom test at same level

B．an individual's intelligence is determined only by his environment

C．changes of environment produce changes in the structure of the brain

D．lack of opportunity blocks the growth of intelligence

【小题4】This passage suggests that an individual's I.Q.______.

A．can be increased by education

B．stays the same throughout his life

C．can be predicted at birth

D．is determined by his childhood

Making friends is a skill like most skills. It improves with practice. If you want to meet people and make friends, you must be willing to take some action. You must first go where there are people. You won’t make friends staying home alone.
Joining a club or a group, talking with those who like the same things as you do is much easier. Or join someone in some activity.
Many people are nervous when talking to new people. After all meeting strangers means facing the unknown. And it’s human nature to feel a bit uncomfortable about unknown. Most of our fears about dealing with new people comes from doubts about ourselves. We imagine other people are judging us, finding us too tall or too short, too this or too that. But don’t forget that they must be feeling the same way. Try to accept yourself as you are, and try to put the other person at ease. You’ll both feel more comfortable.
Try to act self-confident even if you don’t feel that way. When you enter a room full of strangers, such as a new classroom, walk tall and straight, look directly at other people and smile.
If you see someone you’d like to speak to, say something. Don’t wait for the other person to start a conversation.
Just meeting someone new does not mean that you will make friends with that person—friendship is based on mutual liking and “give and take”. It takes time and effort to develop.
【小题1】The best topic of the passage may be ________.

A．Friendship

B．Making friends

C．Meeting New People

D．Facing the Unknown

【小题2】Which of the following statements is NOT TRUE?

A．Making friends needs practicing.

B．Making friends needs to be more active in getting in touch with people.

C．When meeting someone, make him feel nice and easy.

D．Before making friends with someone, judge him if he’s too this or too that.

【小题3】The development of friendship needs ________.

A．a lot of money	B．lots of conversation
C．time and effort	D．carefully judging

根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
1  
Home can be a great place for children to study. It’s important to provide a workspace of their own where they can read books or just write a letter to their friends.
●  Location （位置）
2 Kitchen and dining room are not so well suite for regular study. since books and pens get in the way of the day-to-day uses of those areas. Set up a place where a child can settle in and leave papers and pens at band without having to clear everything away each night. For a child that likes being alone, set aside a corner of his bedroom, but keep it separate from things like games, music and other hobbies not related to studying.
●  Keeping Things in Order
Parents should encourage their child to spread out, but to leave it neat and orderly when he isn’t using his workspace. Ownership is very important for self-respect  3   The workplace should be personal, but not another part of the playroom.
●  4  
Encourage the whole family to help build a supportive environment that children need for success in school. Give them a good example of how to deal with problems, how to manage time and get things done in the right way. 5 Study will be more enjoyable and effective when supported by the whole family

A．Attitude Is Everything.

B．Bring Organization into Your Home.

C．Here are several ways to choose a location.

D．Building a Good Home Learning Environment.

E. Hold a can-do attitude and your child will follow your example.
F. Setting up a space in a common area of your home can be a good idea for children.
G. A child who learns to organize his spare will carry organization into every corner of his life.

In this age of Internet chat, videogames and reality television, there is no shortage of mindless activities to keep a child occupied. Yet, despite the competition, my 8-year-old daughter Rebecca wants to spend her leisure time writing short stories. She wants to enter one of her stories into a writing contest, a competition she won last year.
As a writer I know about winning contest, and about losing them. I know what it is like to work hard on a story only to receive a rejection slip from the publisher. I also know the pressures of trying to live up to a reputation created by previous victories. What if she doesn’t win the contest again? That’s the strange thing about being a parent. So many of our own past scars and dashed hopes can surface.
A revelation（启示）came last week when I asked her, “Don’t you want to win again?” “No,” she replied, “I just want to tell the story of an angel going to first grade.”
I had just spent weeks correcting her stories as she spontaneously（自发地）told them. Telling myself that I was merely an experienced writer guiding the young writer across the hall, I offered suggestions for characters, conflicts and endings for her tales. The story about a fearful angel starting first trade was quickly “guided” by me into the tale of a little girl with a wild imagination taking her fist music lesson. I had turned her contest into my contest without even realizing it.
Staying back and giving kids space to grow is not as easy as it looks. Because I know very little about farm animals who use tools or angels who go to first grade, I had to accept the fact that I was co-opting（借用）my daughter’s experience.
While stepping back was difficult for me, it was certainly a good first step that I will quickly follow with more steps, putting myself far enough away to give her room but close enough to help if asked. All the while I will be reminding myself that children need room to experiment, grow and find their own voices.
【小题1】What do we learn from the first paragraph?

A．Many children find lots of fun in mindless activities.

B．Rebecca is much too occupied to enjoy her leisure time.

C．Rebecca collects online materials for her writing.

D．Rebecca is different from any other child of her age.

【小题2】What was the author's writing experience?

A．She did not quite live up to her reputation as a writer.

B．Her way to success was full of pains and frustrations.

C．She was constantly under pressure of writing more.

D．Most of her stories had been rejected by publishers.

【小题3】Why did Rebecca want to enter this year's writing contest?

A．She possessed real talent for writing.

B．She wanted to win.

C．She wanted to share her stories with readers.

D．She had won a prize already.