If you have to miss one meal a day, which meal will cause you fewest health problems if you don’t eat it? If they have to make a decision of this type, most people (especially very busy people) will choose to skip (not to eat) breakfast.
However, many experts in the field of health consider breakfast (the meal which “breaks” your “fast---- a period of time without eating anything ” which started the night before) to be the most important meal of the day. If we eat a good breakfast, they say, we will have the energy and nutrients we need to begin our working day with vigor and hopefully with good humour. But many people skip breakfast or replace it with snacks or a cup of coffee for a well-balanced meal. What happens if we ignore the importance of breakfast?
One recent study conducted in the United States tested a large number of people. Participants included both males and females who ranged in age from 12—83. During the experiment, these people were given a variety of breakfasts, and sometimes, they had to skip breakfast completely. Special tests, including blood tests and endurance tests, were set up to analyze how well the participants’ bodies functioned when they had eaten a certain kind of breakfast.
The result showed that if a person eats an adequate (充足的) breakfast, he or she will work more efficiently and more productively than if he or she skips breakfasts or eats a very poor breakfast. This fact appears to be especially true if a person’s work involves mental activity. The study showed that if schoolchildren eat fruit, eggs, bread and milk before going to school, they will learn more quickly and will be able to concentrate on their lessons for a longer period of time than if their breakfast diet is inadequate .
The study also showed that, contrary to what many people believe, if you skip breakfast, you will not lose weight. This is because people become so hungry if they skip breakfast that they eat too much for lunch and end up gaining weight instead of losing. So remember, if you are on a diet, skipping breakfast will not help you. You will probably lose more weight if you reduce your other meals.
【小题1】According to the passage, we can safely say _____.

A．if you skip breakfast, you will not lose weight at all

B．if you skip breakfast, you won’t eat much for lunch either.

C．skipping breakfast won’t do a bit of harm

D．skipping breakfast will help one lose weight

【小题2】In the word “breakfast”, “fast” probably means _____.

A．“moving quickly”	B．“going without food ”
C．“unlikely to go fast”	D．“fast food ”

【小题3】Special tests were organized to analyze how participants’ bodies functioned when ______.

A．they had skipped breakfasts	B．they had had breakfasts
C．they had eaten special breakfasts	D．they had had all three meals

Malnutrition (营养失调)remains a serious problem for India. But a new study shows that India’s leading causes of death now also include diseases related to obesity （肥胖）such as heart disease.
India’s National Family Health Survey shows that more than twenty percent of Indians living in cities are overweight or obese. And in the northwestern state of Punjab, that is true for almost forty percent of women.
Aradhna Tripathi is a business professional in New Delhi. She said, “ Eating is the most important thing in any Indian household and how you show your love and gratitude(感激) for a person is through the kind of food you serve him. And the kind of lifestyle we are leading is one of the reasons why we have the number of obese people increasing every day.
But Aradhna Tripathi says she has decided to lose weight. Her mother and grandmother are also diabetic(患糖尿病的). In fact, the International Diabetes Federation says India is now the diabetes capital of the world. Researchers say Indians store more body fat per kilogram than Europeans. That means obese Indians are even more at the risk of diabetes than other people.
Doctor Anoop Misra at Fortis Hospital in New Delhi says the risk of diabetes is crossing social and economic lines. Five years ago, he says, obesity and diabetes were limited to India’s richest people, but now things have changed.
But Doctor Misra is hopeful that the spread (蔓延，传播)of obesity can be slowed. And he says it must start in schools by giving all Indian children the same instruction on physical activity and diet.
The World Health Organization says China is also moving up in obesity rates. The estimate (估计) has reached about five percent countryside and as high as twenty percent in some cities.
【小题1】What is this passage mainly about?

A．Obesity has become a big killer in India.

B．Heart disease is troubling people in India.

C．People in India live a very unhealthy life.

D．Malnutrition remains a serious problem in India.

【小题2】According to Aradhna Tripathi , one of the causes of the obesity problems is_________.

A．.the development of economy

B．the change of Indians’ lifestyle

C．Indians’ attitude （态度）towards eating

D．Indians’ attitude towards obesity.

【小题3】 What can we infer from the underlined sentence in Paragraph 5?

A．Most wealthy people in India are overweight.

B．Five years ago, few people in India were overweight

C．Few poor people are diabetic for economic reasons.

D．Now even the poor in India suffer from obesity.

The key to reaching or staying at a healthy weight is regular exercise and good eating habits. Teens should get 60 minutes or more of physical activity a day. Note the word “activity”. As long as you’re getting your body moving, it doesn’t have to mean doing complicated exercises or going to the gym (体育馆) every day. All that matters is that each week you get the right balance of activity, including aerobic (有氧健身法的) strength building, and flexibility (柔韧性) exercise. Make exercise a habit by scheduling some every day.
On days when you have soccer practice or an aerobics class, you may have no trouble exercising for an hour or more. But most of us are busy, and 60 minutes a day of activity seems like a lot of time. The good news is that it’s OK to divide it into shorter “exercise breaks” throughout the day. Just as you might have a healthy snack to stop yourself getting hungry, exercise snacks can keep energy level high. So get up 15 minutes earlier and do some yoga or other stretching (伸展) activity. Fast walk or jog (慢跑) for 15 minutes at lunch. Do the same thing after school ­­­­­or walk or bike home. Add to that taking the stairs, gym class, and walking between classes during the day, and you’ve probably reached your 60 minutes.
Here are 5 simple ways to make an exercise lifestyle change:
1. Start today. Go outside for a walk.
2. Take the stairs instead of the elevator.
3. Instead of driving, walk or bike to places like school or a friend’s house.
4. Clean your room or wash the car.
5. Limit your time watching TV, using the computer, or playing video games--and when you do play, try some games that get you moving.
【小题1】 The underlined phrase “exercise snacks” in the second paragraph probably means ________.

A．food eaten before exercise

B．food eaten during exercise

C．shorter “exercise breaks”

D．a new kind of exercise

【小题2】Why should we have exercise snacks every day?

A．Because they can stop us getting hungry

B．Because they can keep energy level high

C．Because they can include many kinds of sports

D．Because they are more likely to relate to our daily life

【小题3】Which of the following is NOT mentioned in the passage?

A．To go hiking on your holidays

B．To spend less time on computer games

C．To go to school on foot or by bike

D．To do some housework at home

【小题4】What will be most probably discussed in the following paragraph?

A．Losing weight

B．Good eating habits

C．Exercising your brain

D．Outdoors exercise

【小题5】 What would be the best title for this passage?

A．Regular exercise

B．School exercise

C．Indoors exercise

D．Difficult exercises

Ears are for hearing — everyone knows that. But for a creature called the Cuvier’s beaked whale, hearing starts in the throat (喉咙), a new study found.
The observation might help explain how all whales hear. The work might also help scientists understand how animals are affected by underwater sonar (声呐). This sonar, used by some ships, sends out sound waves to locate underwater objects.
The Cuvier’s beaked whale is a so-called toothed whale. Toothed whales dive deep into the ocean in search of food. As the whales hunt, they produce sounds that reach objects and then return to the whales. This allows the animals to “see” the shape, size, and location of objects, even when they’re 1,000 meters under the sea, where it is totally dark.
To better understand how the whale hears, researchers from San Diego State University in California took X rays of two Cuvier’s beaked whales. The whales had died and washed up on the beach.
Ted Cranford and his colleagues used the images to make a computer model of a Cuvier’s beaked whale’s head. Then, they modeled the process of sound traveling through the head.
The researchers knew that some sounds get to the ears of a toothed whale through a structure (构造) called “the window for sound”. Found on the lower jaw, this structure is very thin on the outside and has a large pad (垫) of fat on the inside.
When the researchers used their computer model to work out how sound waves travel in the whale’s head, they were surprised to find that sounds coming from right in front of the whale actually travel under the animal’s jaw. From there, sound waves move through the throat, into a hole in the back of the jaw, and finally to the pad of fat near the animal’s ears.
69. 【小题1】Toothed whales look for food under the sea by ______.

A．watching the shape and size of their objects	B．diving deep into the sea
C．sending and receiving sounds	D．making lots of noises

70. 【小题2】Researchers took X rays of two Cuvier’s beaked whales in order to ______.

A．find out why they had died and washed up on the beach

B．make a computer model of a Cuvier’s beaked whale’s head

C．make sure that sound travels through the head

D．know more about the way the whale hears

71. 【小题3】 Which of the following describes the way taken by sound waves through a Cuvier’s beaked whale?

A．A hole in the back of the jaw → the ears → the jaw → the throat.

B． The jaw → the throat → a hole in the back of the jaw → the ears.

C． The throat → the jaw → the ears → a hole in the back of the jaw.

D．The ears → the throat → a hole in the back of the jaw → the jaw.

72. 【小题4】Which of the following is TRUE according to this passage?

A．The throat is important to the Cuvier’s beaked whale’s hearing.

B．Ships send out sound waves like a Cuvier’s beaked whale.

C．The ears are actually useless to the Cuvier’s beaked whale.

D．The researchers haven’t found how the whales hear.

Are morning people born or made? In my case it was definitely made．In my early 20s, I rarely went to bed before midnight, and I would almost always get up late the next morning．
But after a while I couldn’t ignore the high relationship between success and rising early．On those rare occasions where I did get up early, I noticed that my productivity was almost always higher．So I set out to become a habitual early riser．But whenever my alarm went off, my first thought was always to stop that noise and go back to sleep．Eventually some sleep research showed me that I was using the wrong strategy．
The most common wrong strategy is this: You assume that if you’re going to get up earlier, you’d better go to bed earlier．It sounds very reasonable, but will usually fail.
There are two main schools(流派) of thought on sleep patterns．One is that you should go to bed and get up at the same time every day．The second school says you should go to bed when you’re tired and get up when you naturally wake up．However, I have found both of them are wrong if you care about productivity．If you sleep at set hours, you’ll sometimes go to bed when you aren’t sleepy enough．You’re wasting time lying in bed awake and not being asleep.
If your sleep is based on what your body tells you, you’ll probably be sleeping more than you need．Also, your mornings may be less predictable if you’re getting up at different times．
The solution for me has been to combine both methods．I go to bed when I’m sleepy and get up with an alarm clock at a fixed time．So I always get up at the same time (in my case 5 am), but I go to bed at different times every night — sometimes at 9:30pm, and other times at midnight．Most of the time I go to bed between 10-11 pm．
However, going to bed only when I’m sleepy, and getting up at a fixed time every morning is my way．If you want to become an early riser, you can try your own.
【小题1】According to the passage, the underlined phrase refers to ____.

A．people who stay up until the next morning.

B．people who get up early in the morning.

C．people who feel sleepy in the morning.

D．people whose productivity is the highest in the morning.

【小题2】Why did the author want to become a habitual early riser?

A．Because he / she wanted to form the habit of going to bed early and getting up early.

B．Because he / she had found that his / her productivity was higher when he / she got up early.

C．Because he / she wanted to see which of the two main schools of thought on sleep patterns was right.

D．Because he / she was told the high relationship between success and rising early.

【小题3】The author experienced all the following EXCEPT ____.

A．going to bed after midnight．

B．getting up early occasionally.

C．pressing off the alarm to go on sleeping.

D．asking scholars for advice on sleeping habits.

【小题4】The passage is mainly about ____。

A．how to become an early riser．

B．how to have good sleep.

C．wrong strategies for getting up early.

D．main schools of thought on sleep patterns.

Did you ever think someone was scary (恐怖的)because they looked different or ate strange food? Well, they might think the same about you! One of the things we all need to do is to celebrate variety．We shouldn’t think badly of people from other cultures because they behave differently from us.
Sometimes we treat people from other countries unfairly, because one person from that culture did something bad．Well, has your class ever been punished just because a few kids were causing trouble? Has your whole family ever been blamed for something your little sister did? It doesn’t seem fair, does it? It’s just equally unfair to blame a whole culture for what two or three people have done.
So here are some things that you can do to help yourself understand other cultures:
①Find common ground!
Just remember that even though some people look different on the outside, that doesn’t change how they are on the inside．They still have the exact same feelings!
②________________
Because someone from another culture has been mean to you, you decide to avoid everyone from that culture．Well think about it．Why are you blaming them for something they didn’t have anything to do with? Put yourself in their shoes．How would you feel? Putting yourself inside someone else’s head can be a very powerful way to understand WHY they are acting the way they are.
③Try to make friends with people from other cultures!
You could ask them about their culture, or what it is like in their country, if they can remember, or if they have ever lived there．Try foods from their culture, or ask them about words in their language．You might be surprised at how interesting other cultures can be! You can join great discussion groups, participate in projects, and have lots of fun doing new things.
④Be aware that you’ve judged other people
If you know what you have done, it helps to make things better．Pay attention to what you think about other people．It helps.
【小题1】What is mainly discussed in this passage?  

A．Why there are differences between people

B．What to do to understand other cultures

C．How people feel when they meet people from other cultures

D．The differences between people from different cultures

【小题2】Which of the following can be put into the blank behind ②?

A．Avoid everyone from that culture!

B．Put all responsibilities on others!

C．Consider oneself first!

D．Don’t blame all because of one!

【小题3】The underlined word “celebrate” most probably means “_______”.

A．feel proud of	B．express ideas of
C．praise and enjoy	D．pay attention to

【小题4】The following can be the better way to treat foreigners except_______.

A．join their discussion groups	B．try foods from their culture
C．avoid meeting them	D．find common ground

No one really knows how and why people change as they get older. Also, no theory sufficiently explains all the changes of the aging process. Aging is a complex and varied process that varies in how it affects different people and organs. In fact, even in one person , different organ systems “age “ at a different rate.
At a certain point in our lives our body systems will begin to weaken . It may become more difficult for us to see and hear. The slow change of aging causes our bodies to lose some of their ability to bounce back from disease and injury. In order to live longer , we have always tried to slow or stop this change that leads us toward the end of our lives.
Many factors decide our health . A good diet plays an important role. The amount and the type of exercise we get are another two factors. Our living condition is yet another. But scientists studying the aging problem want to know: Why do people grow old? They hope that by studying the aging medical science they may be able to make the length of life longer.
There is nothing to be afraid of as the old age comes. Many consider the later part of life to be the best time for living. Physical activity may become less, but often we get better understanding of the world and ourselves.
What we consider the old age now may only be middle-aged some day soon. Who knows ,with so many advances in medical science happening so quickly, life length may one day be measured in centuries ,rather than in years!
【小题1】The underlined phrase “bounce back ”means “__________.”

A．jump backward

B．run fast

C．prevent

D．recover

【小题2】In order to make people live longer, scientists _______according to the text.

A．teach people how to eat properly

B．discover how important the exercise is to one’s health

C．study the ways to slow or stop the process of aging

D．invent new medicine to slow down the process of aging

【小题3】 Many consider the later part of life to be the time of living because they__________.

A．consider their lives have been very successful

B．have come through the battle of life safely

C．know more about themselves and the outside world

D．can have a good rest and enjoy themselves

【小题4】How many factors which decide our health are mentioned in the text?

A．Two

B．Four

C．Five

D．Six

If you want to increase your vocabulary, the best way to do it might be to pick up a guitar, or learn the violin. A new study shows that learning to play a musical instrument makes the brain more able to remember words.
“Grown-ups with music training in their childhood can have better memory for words,” said Dr Agnes Chan of the Chinese University of Hong Kong, who did the research. “They can remember things that you tell them better than those who did not have music training when they were young.”
It seems that one can remember spoken words because his brain has a special part. “That part of the brain is larger in musicians than in non-musicians,” Dr Chan told BBC. “If that part of the brain is larger, it may be better developed and so this explains very nicely our results.”
Dr Chan and her workmates came to their conclusion after studying students. Their research is reported in the latest edition of the journal(杂志) Nature. “We did the experiment with 60 girl college students from our university and 30 of them have at least six years training with one western musical instrument (such as the violin and the piano) before the age of 12. The other 30 had received no music training. We tested their memory by reading them some words and asking them to remember these words—a very common test for memory. We found that people who have had music training can remember about 70% more information than those who have not had any music training.”
Dr Chan thinks the process(过程) of learning is more important than the actual instrument used. She also believes if one is able to remember words through learning to play instruments, he or she could have some very real benefits. Dr Chan thinks this could be developed into a medical way for patients who are suffering from memory loss.
【小题1】 According to the writer, learning to play a musical instrument helps to ______.

A．get more knowledge

B．live more happily

C．remember more words

D．make one become a musician

【小题2】Which of the following is true according to the passage?

A．Dr Chan thinks people should have music training when they grow up.

B．Dr Chan thinks the special part of the brain doesn’t need developing.

C．Dr Chan thinks people should have music training when they are young.

D．Dr Chan thinks musicians have a larger brain than non-musicians.

【小题3】How many students took part in Dr Chan’s research?

A．30 girl students.	B．60 girl students.
C．17% of his students.	D．60 girl and boy students.

A new study has found no evidence that sunscreen, commonly used to reduce the risk of skin cancer, actually increases the risk.
Researchers from the University of Iowa based their findings on a review of 18 earlier studies that looked at the association between sunscreen use and melanoma (黑素瘤)．They said that they found faults in studies that had reported associations between sunscreen use and higher risk of melanoma.
Most health experts believe that by protecting the skin from the harmful effects of the sun, sunscreen helps prevent skin cancer, which is increasing in incidence (发生率) faster than any other cancer in the United States.
But questions has been raised about sunscreen and whether it may has opposite effect, perhaps by allowing people to remain exposed to the sun longer without burning.
The researchers said that among the problems with some earlier studies is that they often failed to take into account that those people most at risk for skin cancer--- people with fair skin and freckles (雀斑), for example--- are more likely to use sunscreen．As a result, it may appear that sunscreen users get cancer more often.
The studies, which generally relied on volunteers to recall their sunscreen use, were also unable to prove how well the products had been applied, said the new study.
【小题1】People with fair skin and freckles         .

A．seldom use sunscreen

B．are more in danger of skin cancer

C．can be free from the harm of the sun

D．often expose themselves to the sun

【小题2】We can learn from the passage that         .

A．sunscreen users get skin cancer more often

B．the volunteers have proved the effect of sunscreen

C．the new study was based on the experiences of volunteers

D．the number of skin cancer patients is increasing in America

【小题3】Which of the following can be the best title for this passage?

A．Sunscreen to Prevent Skin Cancer

B．Sunscreen to Increase Skin Cancer

C．Skin Cancer Caused by Sunscreen

D．Skin Cancer Caused by Freckles

Scientists say they have discovered a promising treatment for sleeping sickness, a killer disease that infects(感染) about 60,000 people in Africa a year．
British and Canadian experts say drugs could attack the parasite（寄生虫） causing the illness．They say the drug could be ready for human medical test in about 18 months．
The disease, spread by the bite of a fly, is caused by a parasite attacking the central nervous system．It has similar symptoms（症状） to malaria（疟疾）, making it difficult to diagnose．Left untreated, it moves to the brain, resulting in mental confusion and final death
The "breakthrough" came at the University of Dundee in Scotland, where scientists were offered money to research diseases ignored by major drugs companies．
Professor Paul Wyatt, director of the programme, said: "This is one of the most significant findings made in recent years in terms of drug discovery and development for ignored diseases."
He said the research, published in the journal Nature, represented "significant progress" in the development of a full blown drug against the disease．
The World Health Organization said there are between 50,000 and 70,000 cases of the disease a year, with a further 60 million people at risk of infection．
The research in Dundee was backed by partners at the University of York in England and the Structural Genomics Consortium in Toronto, Canada．The two drugs currently available to treat sleeping sickness both have problems．One is with side effects that kill one in 20 patients and the other is costly, only partially effective and requires long-time hospital treatment, the scientists said．
【小题1】The word backedin the last paragraph probably means_____.

A．conducted

B．supported

C．believed

D．managed

【小题2】What the World Health Organization said suggested that______.

A．about 60000 people died of the disease each year

B．about 60000 people were cured of the disease each year

C．600 million people are likely to get infected

D．the disease is spreading fast in Africa

【小题3】We can read this passage______.

A．in the journal Nature

B．in a newspaper of the University of Dundee

C．in a book about flies

D．in a newspaper about medicine

【小题4】We can learn from the passage that______．

A．big drug companies play an important role in the research of the new drug

B．people who get infected with the disease are mentally disturbed

C．among 200 people infected with the disease, 5 may die because of the old drug

D．Professor Paul Wyatt may be a professor at the University of York