The Winter Olympics is also called the White Olympics . At this time , many colorful stamps are published to mark the great Games . The first stamps marking the opening came out on January 25 , 1932 in the United States for the 3^rd White Olympics . From then on , publishing stamps during the White Olympics became a rule .
During the 4^th Winter Olympic Games a group of stamps were published in Germany in November 1936 . The five rings of Olympics were drawn on the front of the sportswear . It was the first time that the rings appeared on the stamps of the White Olympics .
In the 1950’s , the stamps of this kind became more colorful . When the White Olympics came , the host countries（东道国）as well as the non-host countries published stamps to mark those Games . China also published four stamps in February 1980 , when the Chinese sports men began to take part in the White Olympics .
Japan is the only Asian country that has ever held the White Olympics . Altogether 14,500 million stamps were sold to raise money for this sports meet .
Different kinds of sports were drawn on these small stamps . People can enjoy the beauty of the wonderful movements of some sportsmen .
【小题1】The White Olympics and the Winter Olympics        .

A．are the same thing	B．are different games
C．are not held in winter	D．are held in summer

【小题2】 The world made it a rule to publish stamps to mark the great world games       .

A．after the year 1936	B．after the 3rd White Olympics
C．before the 3rd White Olympics	D．before the year 1932

【小题3】 The Winter Olympics is held once      .

A．every two years	B．every three years
C．every four years	D．every five years

【小题4】Which of the following is TRUE ?

A．Only the host countries can publish stamps to mark those Games .

B．Only the non-host countries can publish stamps to mark those Games .

C．All the countries can publish stamps to mark those Games .

D．Japan can’t publish stamps to mark those Games .

【小题5】What may appear on the stamps of the White Olympics ?

A．Basketball .

B．Table tennis .

C．Football .

D．Skating .

In much society, there is often greater acceptance of light skin than dark
skin; Light skin may be seen as a mark of beauty, intelligence and success.
These beliefs can lead to social pressures even within the same group, if some members are darker than others. The result is that skin lightening has become very common across Africa, Asia and other areas of the world and more people with dark skin are using skin-lighting products, even if it means they may face health risks. They believe that having whiter skin will improve the quality of their lives. Many people think they will have a better family. Or they want to look like what their society generally considers beautiful.
Some beauty care（美容）products and soaps contain chemicals
that make skin lighter. However, some of the chemicals are extremely dangerous. The chemicals in the products block and break down the natural barrier(障碍) to protect against sunlight. Then the skin can become thick and discolored. Usually the person will use more of the product in an effort to correct the problem, which just makes things even worse. Doctor Ly says some chemicals are so dangerous that they may lead to blackened fingernails, infections(感染) and serious skin damage.
And these are not the only problems. Experts say some people who change their skin color suffer emotional damage. They feel regretful and sad. They feel that instead of risking their health, they should have learned to live and accept their skin color as it was.
【小题1】What’s the result of the wrong understanding of darker skin?

A．Many people with dark skin try to make their skin whiter.

B．Many people with whiter skin live a better life than others.

C．People with darker skin try to marry people with light skin.

D．People with darker skin try to protect themselves against social pressures.

【小题2】The third paragraph is about       .

A．some medical effects that skin-lightening products have brought about

B．the mental damage that skin-lightening products have caused

C．the physical damage that skin-lightening products have caused

D．the causes why skin-lightening products can make skin whiter

【小题3】Why are chemicals in beauty care products dangerous?

A．They can damage the skin’s color producing progress.

B．They can control people’s emotions and feelings.

C．They can make the fingernails and skin black.

D．They make more people decide to change their skin colors.

A study led by Professor Mark Weiser of Tel Aviv University and the Sheba Medical Center at Tel Hashomer Hospital has determined that young men who smoke are likely to have lower IQs than their non-smoking peers (同龄人). Tracking 18-to 21-year-old men enlisted in the Israeli army in the largest ever study of its kind, he has been able to demonstrate an important connection between the number of cigarettes young males smoke and their IQ.
The average IQ for a non-smoker was about 101, while the smokers’ average was more than seven IQ points lower, at about 94, the study determined. The IQs of young men who smoked more than a pack a day were lower still, at about 90. An IQ score in a healthy population of such young men, with no mental disorders(心理疾病), falls within the range of 84 to 116.
An addiction that doesn’t discriminate(歧视)
“In the health profession, we’ve generally thought that smokers are most likely the kind of people who have grown up in difficult neighborhoods, or who’ve been given less education at good schools,” says Weiser, whose study was reported in a recent version of the journal, Addiction, “But because our study included subjects with various socio-economic backgrounds, we’ve been able to rule out socio-economics as a major factor. The government might want to rethink how it arranges its educational resources on smoking.
Making the results more significant, the study also measured effects in twin brothers. In the case where one twin smoked, the non-smoking twin registered a higher IQ on average.
Although a lower IQ may suggest a greater risk for smoking addiction, the representing data on IQ and smoking found that most of the smokers investigated in the study had IQs within the average range, nevertheless.
In the study, researchers took data from more than 20,000 men before, during and after their time in the military. All men in the study were considered in good health, since pre-screening(筛选的)measures for suitability in the army had already been taken. The researchers found that around 28 percent of their samples smoked one or more cigarettes a day, 3 percent considered themselves ex-smokers, and 68 percent said they never smoked.
“People on the lower end of the average IQ tend to display poorer overall decision-making skills when it comes to their health,” says Weiser. He adds that his finding can help address serious concern among heath counsellors at grade and high schools.
【小题1】The study led by Professor Mark Weiser shows that            .

A．the IQ of smoking males is lower than that of non-smokers

B．the IQ of smoking males is higher than that of non-smokers

C．the IQ of smoking males is the same as that of non-smokers

D．the IQ of smoking males is higher than that of female smokers

【小题2】According to the passage, a smoking man’s IQ is most likely to be            .

A．101

B．94

C．80

D．120

【小题3】What can be learned from the passage?

A．People in the military are more likely to become smokers than other people.

B．Most heavy smokers are found to have mental problems.

C．Socio-economic backgrounds have nothing to do with smoking behaviour.

D．People with lower IQs tend to be less good at controlling their addiction to smoking.

【小题4】What is the meaning of the underlined part “An addiction that doesn’t discriminate”?

A．Smokers do not believe their IQ is affected by being addicted to smoking.

B．All people, no matter what their background, can become addicted to smoking.

C．Smoking is an addiction, and we must not discriminate against smokers.

D．The addiction to smoking is difficult to get rid of.

People believe that climbing can do good to health. Where can you learn the skill of climbing then? If you think that you have to go to the mountains to learn how to climb, you’re wrong. Many Americans are learning to climb in city gyms (体育馆). Here, people are learning on special climbing walls. The climbing wall goes straight up and has small holding places for hands and feet.
How do people climb the wall? To climb, you need special shoes and a harness (保护带) around your chest to hold you. There are ropes (绳索) tied to your harness. The ropes hold you in place so that you don’t fall. A beginner’s wall is usually about 15 feet high, and you climb straight up. There are small pieces of metal that stick out for you to stand on and hold on to. Sometimes it’s easy to see the next piece of metal. Sometimes, it’s not. The most difficult part is to control your fear. It’s normal for humans to be afraid of falling, so it’s difficult not to feel fear. But when you move away from the wall, the harness and the ropes hold you, and you begin to feel safe. You move slowly until you reach the top.
Climbing attracts people because it’s good exercise for almost everyone. You use your whole body, especially your arms and legs. This sport gives your body a complete workout. When you climb, both your mind and your body can become stronger.
【小题1】What can we infer from the passage?

A．People are fairly interested in climbing nowadays.

B．It’s impossible to build up one’s body by climbing.

C．People can only learn the skill of climbing outdoors.

D．It’s always easy to see holding places in climbing.

【小题2】The most difficult thing to do in wall climbing is _________.

A．to tie ropes to your harness	B．to control your fear
C．to move away from the wall	D．to climb straight up

【小题3】The word “workout” underlined in the last paragraph most probably means      .

A．settlement	B．exercise
C．excitement	D．tiredness

【小题4】Why does the author write this passage?

A．To tell people where to find gyms.

B．To prove the basic need for climbing.

C．To encourage people to climb mountains.

D．To introduce the sport of wall climbing.

The clock rules our lives. The more we try to save time, the less time we seem to have. In every area of our lives we are doing things faster. And many of us live in towns and cities which are getting noisier and more stressful as each day passes. But now a worldwide movement, whose aim is to slow life down, has started. Its supporters are people who believe that a happier and healthier way of life is possible.
The Slow Food movement was founded the day that an Italian journalist, Carlo Petrini, saw that McDonald’s had opened a restaurant in a beautiful square in Rome. He thought it was sad that many people today live too quickly to sit down for a proper meal and only eat much fast food. He decided that he had to try to do something about it and so he started the Slow Food movement. Slow Food has become a global organization ever since and now has more than 80,000 members in 100 countries.
Slow Food also encourages people to eat local and regional food, to use local shops and markets, to eat out in small family restaurants, and to cook with traditional recipes.
The idea of Slow Cities was inspired by the Slow Food movement. The aim of Slow Cities is to improve people’s quality of life. Towns which want to become a Slow City have to reduce traffic and noise, increase the number of green areas, plant trees, build pedestrian zones, and promote local businesses and traditions. Now it has spread to other countries all over the world, from the UK to Japan and Australia. There are now 135 Slow Cities in 24 countries across the world that have been named since founding of the organization in 1999. Gao Chun County, in east China’s Jiangsu Province, is expected to be named the first “Slow City” in China next year.
“Slow Cities are about having a community life in the town,” said a local resident. “It is not ‘slow’ as in ‘stupid’. It is ‘slow’ as in the opposite of ‘worried’ and ‘stressful’.”
But not everybody is happy. For teenagers, who have to go 25km to Norwich, the nearest city, to buy CDs, living in a Slow City is not very attractive. “It’s all right here,” says Lewis Cook, 16. “But if you want excitement, you have to go to Norwich. We need more things here for young people.”
【小题1】What’s the aim of the Slow Food movement?

A．To call on people to eat out.

B．To make people enjoy cooking.

C．To drive McDonald’s out of Rome

D．To encourage people to slow down.

【小题2】All the following are necessary to be a Slow City EXCEPT ______.

A．reducing traffic and noise

B．increasing the number of green areas

C．building more department stores

D．promoting local businesses and traditions

【小题3】From the fourth paragraph, we know that ______.

A．the Slow Food was founded in 1999

B．there is no Slow City in China now

C．Slow Cities are mainly in the UK

D．there are about 24 Slow Cities in the world

【小题4】What’s Lewis Cook’s attitude to living in a Slow City?

A．Positive

B．Neutral

C．Negative

D．Indifferent

【小题5】What would be the best title for the passage?

A．Slow down and you’ll move fast

B．Time flies never to be recalled.

C．Eat slowly and you’ll be healthy.

D．Pay attention to the quality of life.

A purple tomato genetically engineered to contain nutrients more commonly seen in dark berries helped cancer in mice, British researchers said on Sunday. The finding, published in the journal Nature Biotechnology, bolsters the idea that plants can be genetically modified(changed) to make people healthier.
Cancer-prone mice fed the modified fruit lived significantly longer than animals fed a standard diet with and without regular tomatoes, Cathie Martin and colleagues at
the government-funded John Innes Center in Britain reported. “The effect was much bigger than we had expected.” said Martin, a plant biologist.
The study focused on anthocyanins，a type of antioxidant found in berries such as blackberries and blackcurrants that have been shown to lower risk of cancer, heart diseases and some neurological diseases. While an easy way to improve health, many people don’t eat enough of these fruits, the researchers said. Using genes from the snapdragon flower, the researchers discovered they could get the tomatoes to make anthocyanins---- turning the tomato purple in the process.
Mice genetically engineered to develop cancer lived an average of 182 days when they were fed the purple tomatoes, compared to 142 days for animals on the standard diet. “It is greatly encouraging to believe that by changing diet, or specific components in the diet. You can improve health in animals and possibly humans.” Martin said in a telephone interview.
The researchers warned that trials in humans are a long way off and the next step is to investigate( look into) how the antioxidants actually affect the tumors to promote better health. But the findings do support the formal research suggesting that people can significantly improve their health by making simple changes to the daily diet, other researchers said.
“It’s exciting to see new techniques that could potentially make healthy foods even better for us.” said Doctor Lara Bennett, science information office at Cancer Research UK. “ But it is too early to say whether anthocyanins obtained through diet could help to reduce the risk of cancer.”
【小题1】The text mainly tells us _________.

A．what can prevent people from having cancer.

B．Scientists have developed cancer- fighting tomato.

C．ways to live much longer have been found by scientists.

D．genetically engineered food is good for people’s health.

【小题2】In the first paragraph the underlined word “ bolster” probably means _______

A．change

B．reduce

C．support

D．test

【小题3】Which of the following was NOT the result found in the study?

A．Blackberries and blackcurrants can lower risk of cancer.

B．The anthocyanins can make the purple tomatoes grow stronger.

C．Genes from snapdragon flowers can be put into common tomatoes.

D．Mice fed the modified fruit lived longer than the common ones.

【小题4】According to Dr. Lara Bennett, the effects of anthocyanins through diet on human being________

A．are not certain now.

B．have been proved

C．are very harmful

D．are hard to be tested

Why do people drink too much, eat too much, smoke cigarettes or take drugs? What’s to blame for all the bad behavior? Most people would say that, while these self-destructive acts can have many root causes, they all have one obvious thing in common: they are all examples of failures of self-control, lacking the will power to resist them.
According to a recent study, however, if you really think about it, something about that simple answer doesn’t quite make sense. In fact, it turns out that sometimes it’s having will power that really gets you into trouble.
Think back to the time you took your very first sip of beer. Disgusting, wasn’t it? When my father gave me my first taste of beer as a teenager, I wondered why anyone would voluntarily drink it. And smoking? No one enjoys their first cigarette — it tastes awful. So even though smoking, and drinking alcohol or coffee, can become temptation(attraction) you need will power to resist, they never, ever start out that way.
Just getting past those first horrible experiences actually requires a lot of self-control. Ironically (讽刺的是), only those who can control themselves well, rather than give in to them, can ever come to someday develop a “taste” for Budweiser beer, Marlboro cigarettes, or dark-roasted Starbucks coffee. We do it for social acceptance. We force ourselves to consume alcohol, cigarettes, coffee and even illegal drugs, in order to seem experienced, grown-up, and cool.
These bad habits aren’t self-control failures — far from it. They are voluntary choices, and they are in fact self-control successes. Self-control is simply a tool to be put to some use, helpful or harmful. To live happy and productive lives, we need to develop not only our self-control, but also the wisdom to make good decisions about when and where to apply it.
【小题1】What do most people think causes bad behavior?

A．Being forced by others.	B．Not having enough will power.
C．Enjoying their first experiences.	D．Following the examples of their friends.

【小题2】The author mentions his experience in the third paragraph to prove ____.

A．will power helps develop bad habits sometimes

B．drinking beer is harmful to the health of teenagers

C．self-control should be developed when one is young

D．everyone can be challenged by different temptations

【小题3】In the last paragraph, the author stresses(强调) that ____.

A．without self-control, no one can succeed

B．bad habits don’t always lead to bad results

C．applying self-control correctly is important

D．people can develop wisdom from bad behavior

【小题4】What would be the best title for the passage?

A．My First Sip of Beer	B．Do You Have Will Power ?
C．Will Power Benefits Us	D．Dark Side of Self-control

For a while, my neighborhood was taken ever by an army of joggers. They were there all the time: early morning, noon, and evening. There were little old ladies in gray sweats, young couples in Adidas shoes, middle-aged men with red faces. “Come on!” My friend Alex encouraged me to join him as he jogged by my house every evening. “You’ll feel great.”
Well, I had nothing against feeling great and if Alex could jog every day, anyone could. So I took up jogging seriously and gave it a good two months of my life, and not a day more. Based on my experience, jogging is the most overvalued form of exercise around, and judging from the number of the people who left our neighborhood jogging army, I’m not alone in my opinion.
First of all, jogging is very hard on the body. Your legs and feet need a real pounding（追击）running down a road for two or three miles. I developed foot, leg, and back problems. Then I read about a nationally famous jogger who died of a heart attack while jogging, and I had something else to worry about. Jogging doesn’t kill hundreds of people, but if you have any physical weaknesses, jogging will surely bring them out, as they did with me.
Secondly, I got no enjoyment out of jogging. Putting one foot in front of the other for forty-five minutes isn’t my idea of fun. Jogging is also a lonely pastime. Some joggers say, “I love being out there with just my thoughts” Well, my thoughts began to bore me, and most of them were on how much my legs hurt.
And how could I enjoy something that brought me pain? And that wasn’t just the first week: it was practically every day for two months. I never got past the pain level, and pain isn’t fun. What a cruel way to do it! So many other exercises, including walking, lead to almost the same results painlessly, so why jog?
I don’t jog any more, and I don’t think I ever will. I’m walking two miles three times a week at a fast pace, and that feels good. I bicycle to work when the weather is good. I’m getting exercise, and I’m enjoying it at the same time. I could never say the same for jogging, and I’ve found a lot of better ways to stay in shape.
【小题1】From the first paragraph, we learn that in the writer’s neighborhood ______.

A．jogging became very popular

B．people jogged only during the daytime

C．Alex organized an army of joggers

D．jogging provided a chance to get together

【小题2】The underlined word “them”(Paragraph 3) most probably refers to _____.

A．heart attacks	B．Back problems
C．famous joggers	D．physical weaknesses

【小题3】What was the writer’s attitude towards jogging in the beginning?

A．He felt it was worth a try.

B．He was very fond of it.

C．He was strongly against it.

D．He thought it must be painful.

【小题4】Why did the writer give up jogging two months later?

A．He disliked doing exercise outside.

B．He found it neither healthy nor interesting.

C．He was afraid of having a heart attack.

D．He was worried about being left alone.

【小题5】 From the writer’s experience, we can conclude that______.

A．not everyone enjoys jogging

B．he is the only person who hates jogging

C．nothing other than jogging can help people keep fit

D．jogging makes people feel greater than any other sport.

Cholera is a water-borne disease that is spread through polluted water and food. Cholera is an illness caused by the bacterium. It produces a poison that causes a painless , watery diarrhea( 痢疾)  that can quickly lead to severe dehydration（脱水） and death if treatment is not given. Most persons infected with cholera do not become ill, although the bacterium is present in their waste for 7-14 days. When this illness does strike, more than 90% of the time is not severe and is difficult to tell from other types of diarrhea. Less than 10% of sick persons develop cholera with signs of moderate or severe dehydration.
A person may get cholera by drinking water or eating food polluted with the cholera bacterium. The disease can spread rapidly in areas without the proper treatment of drinking water. The cholera bacterium may also live in the environment in dirty rivers and coastal waters. Shellfish eaten raw have been a source of cholera. Therefore, the disease is not likely to spread directly from one person to another.
Cholera can be simply and successfully treated by immediate replacement of the fluid and salts lost through diarrhea. Patients can be treated by being given a mixture of sugar and salt to be mixed with water and drunk in large amount. Antibiotics(抗生素) shorten the course and decrease the severity of the illness. To avoid cholera, we should eat well-cooked food instead of raw food.
【小题1】If a person infected with cholera less than 7 days，he would probably   .
A. die  B.  become sick  C remain healthy  D suffer from watery diarrhea
【小题2】Which statement is true according to the passage?
A Cholera can spread directly from one person to another.
B. Eating raw food can help stop cholera.
C. Cholera is caused by watery diarrhea.
D. Polluted water and food can help spread cholera.
【小题3】 Cholera can be treated by         .

A．replacing the blood in the body.

B．eating a lot of water mixed with sugar and salt and using antibiotics.

C．eating a large amount of sugar and salt

D．drinking a lot of water and eating a large amount of food.

【小题4】In order to avoid cholera, people should         .
A inject antibiotics     B eat the food thoroughly cooked
C eat raw food      D. avoid meeting other people

“You'll have to take care of the baby today,” a woman told her husband. "I'm not feeling well."
"Then you must stay in bed and rest, dear" her husband said. "I'll be pleased to look after our baby." "By the way, shall I do the shopping for you as well?” her husband asked.
The woman was very glad and said, "That will help me very much. I'll give you a list of things to buy"
She wrote out the list and gave it to him.
The man took the baby to the supermarket and put him in the shopping cart. Then he pushed the shopping cart along the rows of things and looked for those that were on his list.
At first everything was OK, but then the baby began to cry.
Then he started to scream.
And scream!
And SCREAM!
“Keep calm, George,” the man said. “Don’t get excited. Don’t shout, George. Don’t lose your temper, George.”
A woman in the supermarket heard him saying so. She walked up to him.
“I think you are wonderful,” she said. “You are so patient with your little George.”
“Madam,” the man said, “I’m George. He’s Edward.”
【小题1】The man took care of the baby instead because his wife was      .

A．ill	B．busy doing housework
C．angry	D．going to buy things

【小题2】The baby cried so hard       .

A．at home

B．in the supermarket

C．in the street

D．in the car

【小题3】When the baby was crying, the father kept taking to      for relaxing.

A．his baby

B．the woman

C．himself

D．George

【小题4】The underlined sentence “Don’t lose your temper.” in this passage means“   ”.

A．become angry

B．shut up

C．walk on

D．calm down