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科目: 来源: 题型:阅读理解

The report came to the British on May 21, 1941. The German battleship Bismarck, the most powerful warship in the world, was moving out into the Atlantic Ocean. Her task: to destroy the ships carrying supplies from the United States to war-torn England.
The British had feared such a task. No warship they had could match the Bismarck in speed or in firepower. The Bismarck had eight 15-inch guns and 81 smaller guns. She could move at 30 nautical miles(海里) an hour, she was believed to be unsinkable.
However, the British had to sink her. They sent out a task force headed by their best battleship Hood to hunt down the Bismarck. On May 24, the Hood found the Bismarck. It was a meeting that the German commander Luetjens did not want to see. His orders were to destroy the British ships that were carrying supplies, but to stay away from a fight with British warships.
The battle didn’t last long. The Bismarck’s first torpedo(鱼雷)hit the Hood, which went down taking all but three of her 1,419 men with her. But in the fight, the Bismarck was slightly damaged (损坏). Her commander decided to run for repairs to France, which had at that time been taken by the Germans. The British force followed her. However, because of the Bismarck’s speed and the heavy fog, they lost sight of her.
For two days, every British ship in the Atlantic tried to find the Bismarck, but with no success. Finally, she was sighted by a plane from Ireland. Trying to slow the Bismarck down so that their ships could catch up with her, the British fired at her from the air. The Bismarck was hit. On the morning of May 27, the last battle was fought. Four British ships fired on the Bismarck. And she was finally sunk.

  1. 1.

    The Bismarck sailed into the Atlantic Ocean ______.

    1. A.
      to sink the Hood
    2. B.
      to gain control of France
    3. C.
      to cut off American supplies to Britain
    4. D.
      to stop British warships reaching Germany
  2. 2.

    Many people believed that the Bismarck could not be defeated because she ______.

    1. A.
      was fast and powerful
    2. B.
      had more men on board
    3. C.
      was under Luetjens' command
    4. D.
      had bigger guns than other ships
  3. 3.

    We learn from the text that on 24 May______.

    1. A.
      the British won the battle against the Bismarck
    2. B.
      the Bismarck won the battle against the British
    3. C.
      the British gunfire damaged the Bismarch seriously
    4. D.
      the Bismarck succeeded in keeping away from the British
  4. 4.

    Which of the following is the immediate cause of the sinking of the Bismarck?

    1. A.
      The British air strikes.
    2. B.
      The damage done by the Hood.
    3. C.
      Gunfire from the British warships.
    4. D.
      Luetjen's decision to run for France

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科目: 来源: 题型:阅读理解

Dr. Sylvia Earle wants you to stop eating fish. It’s not because fish are endangered, though wild fish stocks in many oceans are very low. It’s not because they’re bad for you, though fish in many areas are exposed to poisonous substances in the water. It’s because they’re smart.
“Fish are sensitive, they have personalities,” says the marine biologist. For Earle, eating a fish would be like eating a dog or a cat. “I would never eat anyone I know personally.”
There’s a lot more to fish than meets the eye: they talk to each other, they like to be touched, and they engage in behavior that can seem very human. They can remember things and learn from experience. Earle and a growing number of animal rights activists see these as strong arguments against eating fish altogether.
The activists also point out that fish feel pain and fish suffer horribly on their way from the sea to the supermarket. “While it may seem obvious that fish are able to feel pain, like every other animal, some people think of fish as swimming vegetables,” says Dr. Lynne Sneddon. “Really, it’s kind of a moral question. Is the enjoyment you get from fishing (or eating fish) more important than the pain of the fish?”
Fishermen and (fried) fish lovers are doubtful. “I’ve never seen a smart fish,” says Marie Swaringen as she finishes off a plate of fish at a Seattle seafood restaurant. “If they were very smart, they wouldn’t get caught.”
“For years, everyone’s been telling us to eat fish because it’s so good for us,” says another diner. “Now I’ve got to feel guilty while I’m eating my fish? What are they going to think of next? Don’t eat salad because cucumbers have feelings?”

  1. 1.

    Dr. Sylvia Earle discourage people from eating fish because _____________.

    1. A.
      there are not that many wild fish in the ocean
    2. B.
      fish actually are sensitive and have personalities
    3. C.
      some ocean fish contain poisonous substances
    4. D.
      fish are like dogs or cats that people know personally
  2. 2.

    We can infer from the passage that _____________.

    1. A.
      all people don’t agree with the idea to stop eating fish
    2. B.
      people will be persuaded not to eat fish in the future
    3. C.
      stopping eating fish will lead to people’s not eating vegetables
    4. D.
      we shouldn’t care too much about the feeling of fish
  3. 3.

    By saying “There’s a lot more to fish than meets the eye,” the writer means ____________.

    1. A.
      there are far more fish than other animals in the world
    2. B.
      there are more fish in the world than people can see
    3. C.
      people can see more fish if they pay more attention
    4. D.
      fish are not that simple as they appear to people’s eyes

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科目: 来源: 题型:阅读理解

Let children learn to judge their own work. A child learning to talk does not learn by being corrected all the time: if corrected too much, he will stop talking. He notices a thousand times a day the difference between the language he uses and the language those around him use. Bit by bit, he makes the necessary changes to make his language like other people’s. In the same way, children learn to do all the other things they learn to do without being taught--- to walk , run, climb, whistle, ride a bicycle --- compare their own performances with those of more skilled people, and slowly make the needed changes. But in school we never give a child a chance to find out his mistakes for himself, let alone(更不用说) correct them. We do it all for him. We act as if we thought that he would never notice a mistake unless he was made to. Soon he becomes dependent on the teacher. Let him do it himself. Let him work out, with the help of other children if he wants it, what this word says, what the answer is to that problem, whether this is a good way of saying or doing this or not.
If it is a matter of right answers, as it may be in mathematics or science, give him the answer book. Let him correct his own papers. Why should we teachers waste time on such routine(常规的) work? Our job should be to help the child when he tells us that he can’t find the way to get the right answer. Let’s end all this nonsense of grades, exams and marks. Let us throw them all out, and let the children learn what all educated persons must some day learn: how to measure their own understanding, how to know what they know or do not know.
Let them get on with this job in the way that seems most sensible(合情理的) to them, with our help as school teachers if they ask for it. The idea that there is a body of knowledge to be learnt at school and used for the rest of one’s life is nonsense(无意义的) in a world as complicated and rapidly changing as ours. Anxious parents and teachers say, “But suppose they fail to learn something essential(基本的), something they will need to get on in the world?” Don’t worry! If it is essential, they will go out into the world and learnt it.

  1. 1.

    What does the writer think is the best way for children to think?

    1. A.
      By listening to their parents’ instructions.
    2. B.
      By asking a great many questions.
    3. C.
      By making mistakes and having them corrected.
    4. D.
      By copying what other people do.
  2. 2.

    What does the writer think teachers should not do?

    1. A.
      Give children correct answers.
    2. B.
      Point out children’s mistakes to them.
    3. C.
      Allow children to mark their own work.
    4. D.
      Encourage children to copy one another.
  3. 3.

    According to the passage, learning to speak and learning to ride a bike are _____.

    1. A.
      the most important skills
    2. B.
      the basic skills children should master
    3. C.
      almost the same as learning other skills
    4. D.
      much different from learning other skills.
  4. 4.

    The writer thinks that children’s progress should only be estimated(评估) by ______.

    1. A.
      the children themselves
    2. B.
      their parents
    3. C.
      their teachers
    4. D.
      education authorities(权威)
  5. 5.

    The writer is afraid that children will grow up into adults who are ______.

    1. A.
      too selfish
    2. B.
      too independent
    3. C.
      dependent and unable to use basic skills
    4. D.
      able to think for themselves

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科目: 来源: 题型:阅读理解

It is the first report that home-grown food has been contaminated by radioactivity, largely Iodine(碘)-131, since the ministry ordered radiation( powerful and harmful rays that are sent out from radioactive substances) tests on food and water at the end of March in 14 mainland regions including Beijing, Tianjin, and some coastal provinces.
Sample inspections conducted on Tuesday found low levels of radioactive iodine in spinach( a kind of green vegetables) planted in Beijing, Tianjin and Henan province --- about 1-3 becquerels per kilogram (Bq/kg), the statement said.
"The contamination level detected is too low to be harmful to public health," it said.
According to health experts, radioactive iodine can accumulate in humans once ingested in high concentrations and increases the risk of thyroid cancer. But it decays naturally within weeks.
Leafy vegetables grown in the open like spinach, lettuce and leek are among the first foods to be tainted by radioactive deposits.
Raw milk is also susceptible to radioactive contamination as livestock feed on grass.
Tests carried out in March showed spinach and milk taken from farms near Japan's nuclear-stricken area had exceeded(go beyond) government-set safety limits for radiation.
No cases of tainted water or milk have been reported in China but the ministry vowed to further strengthen monitoring.
Wang Zhongwen, a researcher at the China Institute of Atomic Energy's radiation safety department, told China Daily on Wednesday that currently China only had the means to conduct food radiation tests in a few regions.
The statement also said that recent rain in Beijing and Tianjin meant radioactive substances could have fallen on vegetables.
Chen Jicang, a vegetable dealer in Beijing, said on Wednesday that concerns are growing among consumers, businesses and governments across the world.
"We have yet to see any impact on our business from the radiation, but we will keep a close eye on how the issue develops," he said.
He added that most vegetables consumed in Beijing are produced locally, and he might switch to other varieties if spinach sales suffer.
Yang Guoshan, a researcher of radiation medical science at the Academy of Military Medical Sciences, said people could safely eat products that contain low levels of Iodine-131.
"The radiation level is so low that residents don't need to spend any extra effort on cleaning them," he said.
Gao Jie, a 52-year-old resident in Tianjin said she is deeply worried because spinach is a staple part of her family's diet.
"If spinach is radioactive, is there any possibility that other types of vegetables are safe?"
Trace levels of radioactive isotope cesium-137 and -134 were detected in the air in 21 provinces and regions on Wednesday, up from 17 on Tuesday, according to China's National Nuclear Emergency Coordination Committee.

  1. 1.

    What does the underlined word mean in para 1?

    1. A.
      protected
    2. B.
      contained
    3. C.
      polluted by dangerous substances
    4. D.
      tested
  2. 2.

    Why are the spinach and milk taken from nuclear-stricken area not safe?

    1. A.
      Because tests have been carried out there.
    2. B.
      Raw milk is sensitive to radioactive contamination as livestock(家畜)feed on grass.
    3. C.
      The amount of radioactive substances goes beyond the safe limits for radiation.
    4. D.
      Japan is a nuclear-stricken area.
  3. 3.

    Where do you think this passage comes from?

    1. A.
      a magazine
    2. B.
      CCTV news
    3. C.
      a journal
    4. D.
      a novel
  4. 4.

    What is not mentioned in the passage?

    1. A.
      Consumers became concerned about the safety of vegetables.
    2. B.
      People need to clean vegetables completely before cooking because of radiation.
    3. C.
      Food and water have to be tested since the end of March in 14 mainland regions
    4. D.
      Low levels of radioactive iodine has been found in spinach in Tianjin
  5. 5.

    What do you think is mainly talked about in the passage?

    1. A.
      How the radioactivity came into being
    2. B.
      What we should do in face of radioactivity.
    3. C.
      Radioactivity has no side effect on human being.
    4. D.
      Home-grown food has been affected by radioactivity.

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科目: 来源: 题型:阅读理解

Homeschool materials are every where .In fact, as a homeschool parent, one of the best learning tools you can use is making use of songs. Think of it .When you hear your favorite songs come on the radio and as soon as the lyrics begin , you can join in at once and sing along. Perhaps,  you haven’t heard this song for months or even years! Doesn’t it amaze you? There is no doubt that learning through lyric and rhyme(韵律)is a great way!
With some careful searching , you can come up with many songs ,lyrics ,and rhymes that fit well with your homeschool lesson plan or unit study. Some places even have songs that have the same themes with the lessons. They are perfect to be used to add to your homeschool materials ! Even if you don’t find a particular great song for what you may be teaching at the time, you can write your own. With a little practice, you can not only write your own songs over time but also be surprised how good you can become.
Take any of the traditional chidren’s  songs and modify(修改) them to meet your needs .This is an interesting exercise for both you and your children. It helps you with reading , recognizing(识别)sounds, and improving memory. Soon you’ll have your children want to write and sing their own songs!
Song and singing is such a great way to teach your children. It’s fun and relaxing. Sometimes. you really need such a break from your study and work .It will cost nothing. So turn your creativity and imagination loose and have fun .Whisrle (吹口哨) while you work!

  1. 1.

    In Paragraph 1,the author proves his point through______

    1. A.
      his favorite songs
    2. B.
      his own experience
    3. C.
      people’s common experience
    4. D.
      singing along with the radio
  2. 2.

    What does the underlined word “They” in  Paragraph 2 refer to?

    1. A.
      Songs.
    2. B.
      Themes.
    3. C.
      Lessons
    4. D.
      Places
  3. 3.

    According to the passage, modifying traditional songs can ______

    1. A.
      improve people’s writing ability
    2. B.
      make materials more interesting
    3. C.
      help children sing better
    4. D.
      help people improve memory
  4. 4.

    The passage is probably written to______

    1. A.
      homeschool students
    2. B.
      homeschool parents
    3. C.
      all the children
    4. D.
      school teachers
  5. 5.

    Which of the follwing would be the best title for the passage?

    1. A.
      How to raise children at home
    2. B.
      How to find homeschool materials
    3. C.
      Homeschool materials in songs
    4. D.
      Children’s singing materials

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科目: 来源: 题型:阅读理解

Electronic waste, or e-waste, refers to electronic products that are no longer usable. This can include TVs, cell phones and computers and other office electronics, electronic toys and videos machines. Today, the average turnover(更换)rate for a computer in the United States is every two years, according to the environmental group, Greenpeace.
The group's Dai Yun says e-waste is a global problem. "The electronic industry is one of the fastest growing industries in the world. The high speed of growth in this industry means more and more electronic products are being wasted and thrown away. If no one decides to retrieve the old products and process them properly, the electronic waste will sweep over the earth like the huge wave behind me and pollute the Earth seriously."
Greenpeace works out that 20 to 50 million tons of e-waste are produced globally each year. The components(部件)in many electronic products contain harmful chemicals that pollute ground water and the environment.
At present , the U.S. has no federal law for the disposal (处理) of e-waste although a few states have e-waste recycling programs in place, but there is no law. The U.S. exports much of its e-waste to third world countries, such as India and China, where workers took apart computers for valuable parts, hoping to sell them for money. But harmful wastes expert, Dr. Bakul Rao, says that's a dangerous practice. "From now on, the recyclers are not very educated. All they know is they can retrieve copper or gold out of it. So, the easiest way to do that is leach (过滤) it out in an acid or burn it off to retrieve it. So, that's where they don't know how to deal with it, neither do they have any health systems in place. So, their exposure is more."

  1. 1.

    What does the underlined word "retrieve" (paragraph 2) probably mean?

    1. A.
      look into
    2. B.
      take apart
    3. C.
      get back
    4. D.
      throw away
  2. 2.

    What of the following statements is true according to the passage?

    1. A.
      The U.S. has strict national laws for dealing with e-waste.
    2. B.
      Third world countries import e-waste to get valuable parts, which is a safe and easy way to make money.
    3. C.
      The way uneducated workers deal with old computers does great harm to the environment as well as to their own health.
    4. D.
      More and more electronic waste is being wasted and thrown away mainly because of people's bad habits.
  3. 3.

    What is the purpose of writing the passage?

    1. A.
      To attract more people's attention to e-waste.
    2. B.
      To call on people not to throw away e-waste anywhere.
    3. C.
      To tell people what e-waste is and how to deal with it well.
    4. D.
      To warn people to break away from the electronic industry.
  4. 4.

    The next paragraph probably concerns ___.

    1. A.
      how to deal with e-waste properly
    2. B.
      how to protect ourselves from harm by e-waste
    3. C.
      How to slow down the development in the electronic industry
    4. D.
      how to make full use of e-waste

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科目: 来源: 题型:阅读理解

Fire can help people in many ways. But it can be very dangerous. Fire can heat water, warm houses, give light and cook. But fire can burn things, too. It can burn trees, houses, animals or people. Sometimes big fire can burn forests.
Nobody knows for sure how people began to use fire. But there are many interesting stories about the first time a man or a woman started a fire. One story from Australia tells about a man very, very long time ago. He went up to the sun by a rope (绳子) and brought fire down.
Today people know how to make a fire with matches (火柴). Children sometimes like to play with them. But matches can be very dangerous. One match can burn a piece of paper, and then it might burn a house. A small fire can become a big fire very fast. Fire kills many people every year. So you must be careful with matches. You should also learn to put fires. Fires need oxygen (氧气). Without oxygen they will die. Cover a fire with water, sand or sometimes with your coat. This keeps the air away from a fire and kills it. Be careful with fire, and it will help you. Be careless with fire, and it will burn you.

  1. 1.

    How did people begin to use fire? _________.

    1. A.
      Not everybody knows how people began to use fire
    2. B.
      Nobody knows how to make a fire
    3. C.
      It is an Australian who started a fire
    4. D.
      We are not sure how people began to use fire
  2. 2.

    Children mustn’t play with matches because ________.

    1. A.
      matches burn paper               
    2. B.
      it isn’t interesting
    3. C.
      they can be dangerous            
    4. D.
      they can burn a house
  3. 3.

    When you are going to put out a fire, you ______,

    1. A.
      must be careful                      
    2. B.
      should keep air away from it
    3. C.
      must know it is dangerous        
    4. D.
      should cover it with water

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科目: 来源: 题型:阅读理解

Modern man has cleared the forests for farmland and for wood,and has also carelessly burned them. More than that,though,he has also interfered (干涉) with the invisible bonds between the living things in the forests. There are many examples of this kind of destruction. The harmfulness of man’s interference can be seen in what happened many years ago in the forest of the Kaibab plateau (凯亚巴布高原) of northern Arizona. Man tried to improve on the natural web of forest life and destroyed it instead.
The Kaibab had a storybook forest of largesized pine,Douglas fir,white fir,blue and Engelmann spruce. In 1882 a visitor noted,"We,who ... have wandered through its forests and parks,have come to regard it as the most enchanting region it has ever been our privilege (特权) to visit."This was also the living place of the Rocky Mountain mule deer. Indians hunted there every autumn to gather meat and skins. The forest also had mountain lions,timber wolves and bobcats that kept the deer from multiplying too rapidly.
Then,in 1906,President Theodore Roosevelt made the Kaibab a national game preserve. Deer hunting was forbidden. Government hunters started killing off the deer’s enemies. In 25 years’ time,6,250 mountain lions,wolves and bobcats were killed. Before the program,there were about 4,000 deer in the Kaibab,by 1924,there were about 100,000.
The deer ate every leaf and twig they could reach. But there was not nearly enough food. Hunting of deer was permitted again. This caused a slight decrease in the deer herd (鹿群),but a far greater loss resulted from starvation (饥饿) and disease. Some 60 percent of the deer herd died in two winters. By 1930 the herd had dropped to 20,000 animals. By 1942 it was down to 8,000.

  1. 1.

    The destruction of the environment of the Kaibab resulted from .

    1. A.
      turning the forest into cultivated land
    2. B.
      interfering with natural cycle of forest life
    3. C.
      forest fires caused by man’s carelessness
    4. D.
      cutting the trees for building materials
  2. 2.

    "Engelmann spruce"(Para. 2) is most likely the name of .

    1. A.
      a tree
    2. B.
      an animal
    3. C.
      a mountain
    4. D.
      a game
  3. 3.

    The number of the deer in the Kaibab had increased enormously in  years’ time.

    1. A.
      25
    2. B.
      6
    3. C.
      18
    4. D.
      12
  4. 4.

    Years later,large numbers of deer in the Kaibab died mainly because of .

    1. A.
      the cold
    2. B.
      the organized kill
    3. C.
      the shortage of food
    4. D.
      the poor management

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科目: 来源: 题型:阅读理解

The Vienna-based researchers showed that dogs will stop doing a simple task when not rewarded if another dog, which continues to be rewarded, is present.
The experiment consisted of taking pairs of dogs and getting them to present a paw for a reward.On giving this “handshake” the dogs received a piece of food.One of the dogs was then asked to shake hands, but received no food.The other dog continued to get the food when it was asked to perform the task.
The dog without the reward quickly stopped doing the task, and showed signs of anger or stress when its partner was rewarded.
To make sure that the experiment was really showing the interaction between the dogs rather than just the frustration of not being rewarded, a similar experiment was conducted where the dogs performed the task without the partner.Here they continued to present the paw for much longer.
Dr Frederike Range from the University of Vienna says this shows that it was the presence of the rewarded partner that was the greater influence on their behaviour.
“The only difference is one gets food and the other doesn’t, they are responding to being unequally rewarded.” she said.
The researchers say this kind of behaviour, where one animal gets frustrated with what is happening with another, has only been observed in primates(灵长类) before.
Studies with various types of monkeys and chimpanzees show they react not only to seeing their partners receiving rewards when they are not, but also to the type of reward.
The dog study also looked at whether the type of reward made a difference.Dogs were given either bread or sausage, but seemed to react equally to either.Dr Range says this may be because they have been trained.

  1. 1.

    The dogs refused to give the paw when they_______.

    1. A.
      found another dog was given nothing
    2. B.
      felt they were not treated equally
    3. C.
      were aware they received less food
    4. D.
      were given too much reward
  2. 2.

    What would the dogs do if they presented their paw alone?

    1. A.
      They would go on with the performance much longer.
    2. B.
      They would be too shy to present their paw.
    3. C.
      They would miss their partners.
    4. D.
      They would compare what they got with that of others.
  3. 3.

    According to the passage, compared with dogs, monkeys and chimpanzees ______.

    1. A.
      pay no attention to the type of reward
    2. B.
      only like to play interesting games
    3. C.
      pay attention to the type of reward as well as whether they are rewarded
    4. D.
      care more about how they are rewarded
  4. 4.

    Which of the following can best summerise the passage?

    1. A.
      Animals’ various ways to show anger
    2. B.
      Dogs are more envious than man
    3. C.
      Most animals want to be be rewarded for their work
    4. D.
      Animals also have a sense of fairplay

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科目: 来源: 题型:阅读理解

Mail was usually carried west on ships that sailed around the bottom of South America and then north to California.That could take several months.  
So, in eighteen fifty-seven, D.C.Lawmakers in Congress(国会) in Washington wanted to make it possible to send mail all the way across the United States by land.Congress offered to help any company that would try to deliver mail overland to the West Coast. A man named John Butterfield accepted this offer. He developed plans for a company that would carry the mail—and passengers, too.
Congress gave John Butterfield six hundred thousand dollars to start his company. In return, he had to promise that the mail would travel from Saint Louis, Missouri, to San Francisco, California, in twenty-five days or less.
It was not possible to travel straight through because of the Rocky Mountains and the deep snow that fell in winter. So the stagecoach(马车) would travel south from Saint Louis to El Paso, Texas, then over to southern California, then north to San Francisco. The distance was about four thousand five hundred kilometers.
Two hundred of these stations were built, each about thirty-two kilometers apart. The workers were to quickly change the horses or mules whenever a stagecoach reached the station. There could be no delay. Each stagecoach was to travel nearly two hundred kilometers a day.
One hundred stagecoaches were built and painted red or dark green. They were the most modern coaches that money could buy. They were designed to hold as many as nine passengers and twelve thousand pieces of mail. The seats inside could be folded down to make beds. Passengers either slept on them or on the bags of mail.
The cost would be one hundred fifty dollars to travel from Saint Louis to San Francisco. If a passenger was not going all the way, the cost was about ten cents a kilometer. The passengers had to buy their own food at the stations. The stagecoach would stop for forty minutes, two times a day.
The company warned passengers about the possible dangers. A poster said: “You will be traveling through Indian country and the safety of your person cannot by granted by anyone but God.”

  1. 1.

    What is the passage mainly about?

    1. A.
      Different ways of sending mail in the United States.
    2. B.
      The difficulty in sending mails across the USA by land.
    3. C.
      The first stagecoaches that carried both passengers and mail.
    4. D.
      The history of the first stagecoaches carrying mail to the American West.
  2. 2.

    The reason why Lawmakers wanted to send mail by land was that ________.

    1. A.
      mail was usually carried west on ships  
    2. B.
      it was safer to travel to send mail by land
    3. C.
      it would take less time to send mail by land
    4. D.
      stagecoaches could carry passengers and mail
  3. 3.

    As is described in the passage, the stagecoach ________.

    1. A.
      could only stop once a day           
    2. B.
      was modern with seats ,beds and cooking equipment
    3. C.
      was a closed wagon operated only by skillful drivers.
    4. D.
      had different horses or mules pulled all the way
  4. 4.

    What can we learn from the passage?

    1. A.
      John Buttterfield got thousands of dollars for delivering mail in stagecoaches.
    2. B.
      John Buttterfield kept his promise to deliver mail straight to the West Coast.
    3. C.
      Passengers might be robbed by Indians when traveling through the West.
    4. D.
      Passengers needed to pay one hundred dollars for their journey. 

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