You can’t always predict a heavy rain or remember your umbrella.But designer Mikhail Belyaev doesn’t think that forgetting to check the weather forecast before heading out should result in you getting wet.That’s why he created Lampbrella，a lamp post with its own rain?sensing umbrella.

The designer says he come up with the idea after watching people get wet on streets in Russia.“Once，I was driving on a central Saint Petersburg street and saw the street lamps lighting up people trying to hide from the rain.I thought it would be appropriate to have a canopy(伞篷)built into a street lamp，”he said.

The Lampbrella is a standard?looking street lamp fitted with an umbrella canopy.It has a built?in electric motor which can open or close the umbrella on demand.Sensors(传感器)then ensure that the umbrella offers pedestrians shelter whenever it starts raining.

In addition to the rain sensor，there’s also a 360°motion sensor on the fiberglass street lamp which detects whether anyone is using the Lampbrella.After three minutes of not being used the canopy is closed.

According to the designer，the Lampbrella would move at a relatively low speed，so as not to cause harm to the pedestrians.Besides，it would be grounded to protect from possible lightning strike.Each Lampbrella would offer enough shelter for several people.Being installed(安装) at 2 meters off the ground，it would only be a danger for the tallest of pedestrians.

While there are no plans to take the Lampbrella into production，Belyaev says he recently introduced his creation to one Moscow Department，and insists his creation could be installed on any street where a lot of people walk but there are no canopies to provide shelter.

1.For what purpose did Belyaev create the Lampbrella?

A．To predict a heavy rain.

B．To check the weather forecast.

C．To protect people from the rain.

D．To remind people to take an umbrella.

2.What do we know from Belyaev’s words in Paragraph 2?

A．His creation was inspired by an experience.

B．It rains a lot in the city of Saint Petersburg.

C．Street lamps are protected by canopies.

D．He enjoyed taking walks in the rain.

3.Which of the following shows how the Lampbrella works?

A．motor→canopy→sensors

B．sensors→motor→canopy

C．motor→sensors→canopy

D．canopy→motor→sensors

4.What does Paragraph 5 mainly tell us about the Lampbrella?

A．Its moving speed.

B．Its appearance.

C．Its installation.

D．Its safety.

5.What can be inferred from the last paragraph?

A．The designer will open a company to promote his product.

B．The Lampbrella could be put into immediate production.

C．The designer is confident that his creation is practical.

D．The Lampbrella would be put on show in Moscow.

No one knows for sure when advertising first started.It is possible that it grew out of the discovery that some people did certain kinds of work better than others did them.That led to the concept of specialization，which means that people would specialize，or focus，on doing one specific job.

Let’s take a man we’ll call Mr.Fielder，for example.He did everything connected with farming.He planted seeds，tended the fields，and harvested and sold his crops.At the same time，he did many other jobs on the farm.However，he didn’t make the bricks for his house，cut his trees into boards，make the plows(犁), or any of the other hundreds of things a farm needs.Instead，he got them from people who specialized in doing each of those things.

Suppose there was another man we shall call Mr.Plowright.Using what he knew about farming and working with iron，Mr.Plowright invented a plow that made farming easier.Mr.Plowright did not really like farming himself and wanted to specialize in making really good plows.Perhaps，he thought，other farmers will trade what they grow for one of my plows.

How did Mr.Plowright let people know what he was doing？Why，he advertised，of course.First he opened a shop and then he put up a sign outside the shop to attract customers.That sign may have been no more than a plow carved into a piece of wood and a simple arrow pointing to the shop door.It was probably all the information people needed to find Mr.Plowright and his really good plows.

Many historians believe that the first outdoor signs were used about five thousand years ago.Even before most people could read，they understood such signs.Shopkeepers would carve into stone，clay，or wood symbols for the products they had for sale.

A medium，in advertising talk，is the way you communicate your message.You might say that the first medium used in advertising was signs with symbols.The second medium was audio，or sound，although that term is not used exactly in the way we use it today.Originally，just the human voice and maybe some kind of simple instrument，such as a bell，were used to get people’s attention.

A crier，in the historical sense，is not someone who weeps easily.It is someone，probably a man，with a voice loud enough to be heard over the other noises of a city.In ancient Egypt，shopkeepers might hire such a person to spread the news about their products.Often this earliest form of advertising involved a newly arrived ship loaded with goods.Perhaps the crier described the goods，explained where they came from，and praised their quality.His job was，in other words，not too different from a TV or radio commercial in today’s world.

1.What probably led to the start of advertising?

A．The discovery of iron.

B．The specialization of labor.

C．The appearance of new jobs.

D．The development of farming techniques.

2.To advertise his plows，Mr.Plowright________.

A．praised his plows in public

B．placed a sign outside the shop

C．hung an arrow pointing to the shop

D．showed his products to the customers

3.The writer makes up the two stories of Mr.Fielder and Mr.Plowright in order to________.

A．explain the origin of advertising

B．predict the future of advertising

C．expose problems in advertising

D．provide suggestions for advertising

4.In ancient Egypt，a crier was probably someone who ________.

A．owned a ship

B．had the loudest voice

C．ran a shop selling goods to farmers

D．functioned like today’s TV or radio commercial

5.The last two paragraphs are mainly about ________.

A．the history of advertising

B．the benefits of advertising

C．the early forms of advertising

D．the basic design of advertising

A MENTORING (导师制) program is giving life changing opportunities to Banbury youth.

Young Inspirations was founded two years ago to provide mentoring sessions for students and unemployed young adults aged 11 to 21.

Alex Goldberg，the program’s founder，said：“We set up Young Inspirations because we wanted to give young people experiences which will potentially be life changing and broaden their outlook.

“We try to create work experience opportunities that will really make a difference to our youth.For example，we’ve secured internships (实习) with world?famous firms such as Honda.

“At a time of funding cutbacks where schools are finding it more and more difficult to offer this kind of mentoring，it is extremely important that these opportunities are available both to help youth with their school work and grades and to give them opportunities which may help shape their futures.”Kieran Hepburn,14，is one of a group of Banbury youth who has benefited from the program so far.In October the Banbury School pupil was accompanied by Young Inspirations staff to Paris where he was an observer at the United Nations Educational，Scientific and Cultural Organization’s (UNESCO) International Youth Forum (论坛)．

The event was held for young people from around the world，to seek their views on how the future of youth and education should look.Kieran joined several hundred observers mostly in their 20s and was the only UK school pupil to attend the event.Kieran thinks the trip was a life changing experience.“Before we left I didn’t quite know what to make of it but when we got there we didn’t stop，it was amazing，”he said，“We went to three or four hours of debates each day and then did something cultural each afternoon.”

The main theme of the forum was how youth can drive change in political and public life.It dealt with issues (问题) such as drug abuse，violence and unemployment.

Kieran said：“ It has really helped me to improve my confidence and social skills as well as my school grades and I was voted most improved pupil at school in August.”

The Young Inspirations mentoring sessions take place each Friday in Banbury.For details visit www.younginspirations.com.

1.The Young Inspirations mentoring program aims to ________.

A．train staff for world?famous firms

B．offer job opportunities to young adults

C．provide youth with unique experiences

D．equip the unemployed with different skills

2.．According to Alex Goldberg，it is difficult for schools to offer the mentoring due to ________.

A．the lack of support from firms

B．the cultural differences

C．the effect of unemployment

D．the shortage of money

3.According to the passage，the forum focused on how youth can ________.

A．build up their confidence at school

B．find work experience opportunities

C．improve their social skills for the future

D．play an active role in the change of society

4.We can learn from the passage that ________.

A．the visit to the United Kingdom was amazing

B．Kieran has made great progress in many aspects

C．the youth have found a way to solve their problems

D．the mentoring sessions are held every day except Friday

5.What would be the best title for the passage?

A．Alex Goldberg，Founder of Young Inspirations

B．Young People Find a World of Opportunity

C．Kieran，Banbury School Pupil to Paris

D．Debates Help Youth with Their Grades

We’ve considered several ways of paying to cut in line：hiring line standers，buying tickets from scalpers (票贩子)，or purchasing line?cutting privileges directly from，say，an airline or an amusement park.Each of these deals replaces the morals of the queue (waiting your turn) with the morals of the market (paying a price for faster service)．

Markets and queues—paying and waiting—are two different ways of allocating things，and each is appropriate to different activities.The morals of the queue，“First come，first served，”have an egalitarian(平等主义的) appeal.They tell us to ignore privilege，power，and deep pockets.

The principle seems right on playgrounds and at bus stops.But the morals of the queue do not govern all occasions.If I put my house up for sale，I have no duty to accept the first offer that comes along，simply because it’s the first.Selling my house and waiting for a bus are different activities，properly governed by different standards.

Sometimes standards change，and it is unclear which principle should apply.Think of the recorded message you hear，played over and over，as you wait on hold when calling your bank：“Your call will be answered in the order in which it was received.”This is essential for the morals of the queue.It’s as if the company is trying to ease our impatience with fairness.

But don’t take the recorded message too seriously.Today，some people’s calls are answered faster than others.Call center technology enables companies to“score”incomings calls and to give faster service to those that come from rich places.You might call this telephonic queue jumping.

Of course，markets and queues are not the only ways of allocating things.Some goods we distribute by merit，others by need，still others by chance.However，the tendency of markets to replace queues，and other non?market ways of allocating goods is so common in modern life that we scarcely notice it anymore.It is striking that most of the paid queue?jumping schemes we’ve considered—at airports and amusement parks，in call centers，doctors’offices，and national parks—are recent developments，scarcely imaginable three decades ago.The disappearance of the queues in these places may seem an unusual concern，but these are not the only places that markets have entered.

1.According to the author，which of the following seems governed by the principle“First come，first served”？

A．Taking buses.

B．Buying houses.

C．Flying with an airline.

D．Visiting amusement parks.

2.The example of the recorded message in Paragraphs 4 and 5 illustrates________.

A．the necessity of patience in queuing

B．the advantage of modern technology

C．the uncertainty of allocation principle

D．the fairness of telephonic services

3.The passage is meant to________.

A．justify paying for faster services

B．discuss the morals of allocating things

C．analyze the reason for standing in line

D．criticize the behavior of queue jumping

Some people think that success is only for those with talent or those who grow up in the right family，and others believe that success mostly comes down to luck.I’m not going to say luck，talent，and circumstances don’t come into play because they do.Some people are born into the right family while others are born with great intelligence，and that’s just the reality of how life is.

However，to succeed in life，one first needs to set a goal and then gradually make it more practical.And，in addition to that，in order to get really good at something，one needs to spend at least 10,000 hours studying and practising.To become great at certain things，it’ll require even more time，time that most people won’t put in.

This is a big reason why many successful people advise you to do something you love.If you don’t enjoy what you do，it is going to feel like unbearable pain and will likely make you quit well before you ever become good at it.

When you see people exhibiting some great skills or having achieved great success，you know that they have put in a huge part of their life to get there at a huge cost.It’s sometimes easy to think they got lucky or they were born with some rare talent，but thinking that way does you no good，and there’s a huge chance that you’re wrong anyway.

Whatever you do，if you want to become great at it，you need to work day in and day out，almost to the point of addiction，and over a long period of time.If you’re not willing to put in the time and work，don’t expect to receive any rewards.Consistent，hard work won’t guarantee you the level of success you may want，but it will guarantee that you will become really good at whatever it is you put all that work into.

1.Paragraph 1 mainly talks about________.

A．the reasons for success

B．the meaning of success

C．the standards of success

D．the importance of success

2.In Paragraph 2，the underlined word that refers to________.

A．being good at something

B．setting a practical goal

C．putting in more time

D．succeeding in life

3.Successful people suggest doing what one loves because________.

A．work makes one feel pain

B．one tends to enjoy his work

C．one gives up his work easily

D．it takes a lot of time to succeed

4.What can we infer from Paragraph? 4?

A．Successful people like to show their great skills.

B．People sometimes succeed without luck or talent.

C．People need to achieve success at the cost of life.

D．It helps to think that luck or talent leads to success.

5.What is the main theme of the passage?

A．Having a goal is vital to success.

B．Being good is different from being great.

C．One cannot succeed without time and practice.

D．Luck，talent and family help to achieve success.

Going green seems to be a fad(时尚)for a lot of people these days.Whether that is good or bad，we can’t really say，but for the two of us，going green is not a fad but a lifestyle.

On April 22,2011，we decided to go green every single day for an entire year.This meant doing 365 different green things，and it also meant challenging ourselves to go green beyond the easy things.Rather than recycle and reduce our energy，we had to think of 365 different green things to do and this was no easy task.

With the idea of going green every single day for a year，Our Green Year started.My wife and I decided to educate people about how they could go green in their lives and hoped we could show people all the green things that could be done to help the environment.We wanted to push the message that every little bit helps.

Over the course of Our Green Year，we completely changed our lifestyles.We now shop at organic(有机的)stores.We consume less meat，choosing green food.We have greatly reduced our buying we don’t need.We have given away half of what we owned through websites.Our home is kept clean by vinegar and lemon juice，with no chemical cleaners.We make our own butter，enjoying the smell of home?made fresh bread.In our home office anyone caught doing something ungreen might be punished.

Our minds have been changed by Our Green Year.We are grateful for the chance to have been able to go green and educate others.We believe that we do have the power to change things and help our planet.

1.What might be the best title for the passage?

A．Going Green

B．Protecting the Planet

C．Keeping Open?Minded

D．Celebrating Our Green Year

2.It was difficult for the couple to live a green life for the whole year because________.

A．they were expected to follow the green fad

B．they didn’t know how to educate other people

C．they were unwilling to reduce their energy

D．they needed to perform unusual green tasks

3.What did the couple do over the course of Our Green Year?

A．They tried to get out of their ungreen habits.

B．They ignored others’ ungreen behavior.

C．They chose better chemical cleaners.

D．They sold their home?made food.

4.What can we infer from the last paragraph?

A．The government will give support to the green project.

B．The couple may continue their project in the future.

C．Some people disagree with the couple’s green ideas.

D．Our Green Year is becoming a national campaign.

In my living room，there is a plaque (匾) that advises me to“Bloom (开花) where you are planted.” It reminds me of Dorothy.I got to know Dorothy in the early 1980s，when I was teaching Early Childhood Development through a program with Union College in Barbourville，Kentucky.The job responsibilities required occasional visits to the classroom of each teacher in the program.Dorothy stands out in my memory as one who“bloomed”in her remote area.

Dorothy taught in a school in Harlan County，Kentucky，Appalachian Mountain area.To get to her school from the town of Harlan，I followed a road winding around the mountain.In the eight?mile journey，I crossed the same railroad track five times，giving the possibility of getting caught by the same train five times.Rather than feeling excited by this drive through the mountains，I found it depressing.The poverty level was shocking and the small shabby houses gave me the greatest feeling of hopelessness.

From the moment of my arrival at the little school，all gloom (忧郁) disappeared.Upon arriving at Dorothy’s classroom.I was greeted with smiling faces and treated like a queen.The children had been prepared to show me their latest projects.Dorothy told me with a big smile that they were serving poke greens salad and cornbread for“dinner”(lunch)．In case you don’t know，poke greens are a weed?type plant that grows wild，especially on poor ground.

Dorothy never ran out of reports of exciting activities of her students.Her enthusiasm never cooled down.When it came time to sit for the testing and interviewing required to receive her Child Development Associate Certification，Dorothy was ready.She came to the assessment and passed in all areas.Afterward，she invited me to the one?and?only steak house in the area to celebrate her victory，as if she had received her Ph.D.degree.After the meal，she placed a little box containing an old pen in my hand.She said it was a family heirloom (传家宝)，but to me it is a treasured symbol of appreciation and pride that cannot be matched with things.

1.“Early Childhood Development”in Paragraph 1 refers to________.

A．a program directed by Dorothy

B．a course given by the author

C．an activity held by the students

D．an organization sponsored by Union college

2.In the journey，the author was most disappointed at seeing________.

A．the long track

B．the poor houses

C．the same train

D．the winding road

3.Upon arriving at the classroom，the author was cheered up by________.

A．a warm welcome

B．the sight of poke greens

C．Dorothy’s latest projects

D．a big dinner made for her

4.What can we know about Dorothy from the last paragraph?

A．She was invited to a celebration at a restaurant.

B．She got a pen as a gift from the author.

C．She passed the required assessment.

D．She received her Ph.D.degree.

5.What does the author mainly intend to tell us?

A．Whatever you do，you must do it carefully.

B．Whoever you are，you deserve equal treatment.

C．However poor you are，you have the right to education.

D．Wherever you are，you can accomplish your achievement.

We’ve reached a strange－some would say unusual－point.While fighting world hunger continues to be the matter of vital importance according to a recent report from the World Health Organization (WHO)，more people now die from being overweight，or say，from being extremely fat，than from being underweight.It’s the good life that’s more likely to kill us these days.

Worse，nearly l8 million children under the age of five around the world are estimated to be overweight.What’s going on?

We really don’t have many excuses for our weight problems.The dangers of the problem have been drilled into us by public?health campaigns since 2001 and the message is getting through—up to a point.

In the 1970s，Finland，for example，had the highest rate of heart disease in the world and being overweight was its main cause.Not any more.A public?health campaign has greatly reduced the number of heart disease deaths by 80 per cent over the past three decades.

Maybe that explains why the percentage of people in Finland taking diet pills doubled between 2001 and 2005，and doctors even offer surgery of removing fat inside and change the shape of the body.That has become a sort of fashion.No wonder it ranks as the world’s most body?conscious country.

We know what we should be doing to lose weight—but actually doing it is another matter.By far the most popular excuse is not taking enough exercise.More than half of us admit we lack willpower.

Others blame good food.They say：it’s just too inviting and it makes them overeat.Still others lay the blame on the Americans，complaining that pounds have piled on thanks to eating too much American?style fast food.

Some also blame their parents－their genes.But unfortunately，the parents are wronged because they’re normal in shape，or rather slim.

It’s a similar story around the world，although people are relatively unlikely to have tried to lose weight.Parents are eager to see their kids shape up.Do as I say－not as I do.

1.What is the“strange”point mentioned in the first sentence?

A．The good life is a greater risk than the bad life.

B．Starvation is taking more people’s lives in the world.

C．WHO report shows people’s unawareness of food safety.

D．Overweight issue remains unresolved despite WHO’s efforts.

2.Why does the author think that people have no excuse for being overweight?

A．A lot of effective diet pills are available.

B．Body image has nothing to do with good food.

C．They have been made fully aware of its dangers.

D．There are too many overweight people in the world.

3.．The example of Finland is used to illustrate________.

A．the cause of heart disease

B．the fashion of body shaping

C．the effectiveness of a campaign

D．the history of a body?conscious country

4.Which would be the best title for the passage?

A．Actions or Excuses?

B．Overweight or Underweight?

C．WHO in a Dilemma

D．No Longer Dying of Hunger

Argentina in the late nineteenth century was an exciting place.Around 1870，it was experiencing an economic(经济的)boom，and the capital，Buenos Aires，attracted many people.Farmers，as well as a flood of foreigners from Spain and Italy，came to Buenos Aires seeking jobs.These jobs didn’t pay well，and the people felt lonely and disappointed with their new life in the city.As the unhappy newcomers mixed together in the poor parts of the city，the dance known as the tango(探戈舞)came into being.

At the beginning the tango was a dance of the lower classes.It was danced in the bars and streets.At that time there were many fewer women than men，so if a man didn’t want to be left out，his only choice was to dance with another man so that he could attract the attention of the few available women.Gradually，the dance spread into the upper classes of Argentinean society and became more respectable.

In Europe at this time，strong interest in dance from around the world was beginning.This interest in international dance was especially evident in Paris.Every kind of dance from ballet(芭蕾舞)to belly dancing could be found on the stages of the Paris theaters.After tango dancers from Argentina arrived in Europe，they began to draw the interest of the public as they performed their exciting dance in cafes.Though not everyone approved of the new dance，saying it was a little too shocking，the dance did find enough supporters to make it popular.

The popularity(流行)of the tango continued to grow in many other parts of the world.Soldiers who returned to the United States from World War I brought the tango to North America.It reached Japan in 1926，and in 2003 the Argentinean embassy in Seoul hired a local tango dancer to act as a kind of dance ambassador，and promote tango dancing throughout South Korea.

1.The origin of the tango is associated with________.

A．belly dancers

B．American soldiers

C．a Spanish city

D．the capital of Argentina

2.Which of the following is true about the tango?

A．It was created by foreigners from Spain and Italy.

B．People of the upper classes loved the tango most.

C．It was often danced by two males in the beginning.

D．A dancer in Seoul became the Argentinean ambassador.

3.Before World War I，the tango spread to________.

A．America?? B．Japan

C．France??? D．South Korea

4.What can be the best title for the text?

A．How to Dance the Tango

B．The History of the Tango

C．How to Promote the Tango

D．The Modern Tango Boom

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Last Sunday morning, when I was having a walk in the park near my home, I came across a crew make a new film with one of my favourite actor. I didn’t have my camera with me at that time, but I rushed back home to get. Unfortunately, by the time I got back, they have finished the scene and the actor couldn’t be seen everywhere. I was really disappointing and about to leave while he walked out  of a building. He was right there in the front of me! I couldn’t believe my luck--not only did I had my photo taken with him, but he signed his name on my shirt!