(2013·高考广东卷，D)While Jennifer was at home taking an online exam for her business law class，a monitor(监控器)a few hundred miles away was watching her every move.

Using a web camera equipped in Jennifer’s Los Angeles apartment，the monitor in Phoenix tracked how frequently her eyes moved from the computer screen and listened for the secret sounds of a possible helper in the room.Her Internet access was locked－remotely－to prevent Internet searches，and her typing style was analyzed to make sure she was who she said she was：Did she enter her student number at the same speed as she had in the past? Or was she slowing down?

In the battle against cheating，this is the cutting_edge and a key to encourage honesty in the booming field of online education.The technology gives trust to the entire system，to the institution and to online education in general.Only with solid measures against cheating，experts say，can Internet universities show that their exams and diplomas are valid—that students haven’t just searched the Internet to get the right answers.

Although online classes have existed for more than a decade，the concern over cheating has become sharper in the last year with the growth of“open online courses.”Private colleges，public universities and corporations are jumping into the online education field.spending millions of dollars to attract potential students，while also taking steps to help guarantee honesty at a distance.

Aside from the web cameras，a number of other high?tech methods are becoming increasingly popular.Among them are programs that check students’ identities using personal information，such as the telephone numbers they once used.

Other programs can produce unique exams by drawing on a large list of questions and can recognize possible cheaters by analyzing whether difficult test questions are answered at the same speed as easy ones.As in many university classes，term papers are scanned against some large Internet data banks for cheating.

1.Why was Jennifer watched in an online exam?

A．To correct her typing mistakes.

B．To find her secrets in the room.

C．To prevent her from slowing down.

D．To keep her from dishonest behaviors.

2.The underlined expression cutting edge in Paragraph 3 is closest in meaning to________.

A．advanced technique

B．sharpening tool

C．effective rule

D．dividing line

3.For Internet universities，exams and diplomas will be valid if________.

A．they can attract potential students

B．they can defeat academic cheating

C．they offer students online help

D．they offer many online courses

4.Some programs can find out possible cheaters by________.

A．checking the question answering speed

B．producing a large number of questions

C．scanning the Internet test questions

D．giving difficult test questions

5.Which of the following is the best title of this passage?

A．The Advantages of Online Exams

B．The High?tech Methods in Online Courses

C．The Fight against Cheating in Online Education

D．The War against the Booming of Online Education

(2013·高考湖北卷，B)Mothers and daughters go through so much－yet when was the last time a mother and daughter sat down to write a book together about it all? Perri Klass and her mother，Sheila Solomon Klass，both gifted professional writers，prove to be ideal co?writers as they examine their decades of motherhood，daughterhood，and the wonderful ways their lives have overlapped (重叠)．

Perri notes with amazement how closely her own life has mirrored her mother’s：both have full?time careers；both have published books，articles，and stories；each has three children；they both love to read.They also love to travel－in fact，they often take trips together.But in truth，the harder they look at their lives，the more they acknowledge their big differences in circumstance and basic nature.

A child of the Depression (大萧条)，Sheila was raised in Brooklyn by parents who considered education a luxury for girls.Starting with her college education，she has fought for everything she’s ever accomplished.Perri，on the other hand，grew up privileged in the New Jersey suburbs of the 1960s and 1970s.For Sheila，wasting time or money is a crime，and luxury is unthinkable while Perri enjoys the occasional small luxury，but has not been successful at trying to persuade her mother into enjoying even the tiniest thing she likes.

Each writing in her own unmistakable voice，Perri and Sheila take turns exploring the joys and pains，the love and bitterness，the minor troubles and lasting respect that have always bonded them together.Sheila describes the adventure of giving birth to Perri in a tiny town in Trinidad where her husband was doing research fieldwork.Perri admits that she can’t sort out all the mess in the households，even though she knows it drives her mother crazy.Together they compare thoughts on bringing up children and working，admit long?hidden sorrows，and enjoy precious memories.

Looking deep into the lives they have lived separately and together，Perri and Sheila tell their mother?daughter story with honesty，humor，enthusiasm，and admiration for each other.A written account in two voices，Every Mother Is a Daughter is a duet (二重奏) that produces a deep，strong sound with the experiences that all mothers and daughters will recognize.

1.Why does Perri think that her own life has mirrored her mother’s?

A．They both have gone through difficult times.

B．They have strong emotional ties with each other.

C．They have the same joys and pains，and love and bitterness.

D．They both have experiences as daughter，mother and writer.

2.The word “luxury” in Paragraph 3 means________.

A．something rare but not pleasant

B．something that cannot be imagined

C．something expensive but not necessary

D．something that can only be enjoyed by boys

3.What is Paragraph 4 mainly about?

A．The content of the book.

B．The purpose of the book.

C．The influence of the book.

D．The writing style of the book.

4.How are women’s lives explored in this book?

A．In a musical form.

B．Through field research.

C．With unique writing skills.

D．From different points of view.

(2013·高考四川卷，B)On a sunny day last August，Tim heard some shouting.Looking out to the sea carefully，he saw a couple of kids in a rowboat were being pulled out to sea.

Two 12?year?old boys，Christian and Jack，rowed out a boat to search for a football.Once they’d rowed beyond the calm waters，a beach umbrella tied to the boat caught the wind and pulled the boat into open water.The pair panicked and tried to row back to shore.But they were no match for it and the boat was out of control.

Tim knew it would soon be swallowed by the waves.

“Everything went quiet in my head，”Tim recalls(回忆)．“I was trying to figure out how to swim to the boys in a straight line.”

Tim took off his clothes and jumped into the water.Every 500 yards or so，he raised his head to judge his progress.“At one point，I considered turning back，” he says.“I wondered if I was putting my life at risk.”After 30 minutes of struggling，he was close enough to yell to the boys，“Take down the umbrella！”

Christian made much effort to take down the umbrella.Then Tim was able to catch up and climb aboard the boat.He took over rowing，but the waves were almost too strong for him.

“Let’s aim for the pier(码头)，”Jack said.Tim turned the boat toward it.Soon afterward，waves crashed over the boat，and it began to sink.“Can you guys swim？”he cried.“A little bit，”the boys said.

Once they were in the water，Tim decided it would be safer and faster for him to pull the boys toward the pier.Christian and Jack were wearing life jackets and floated on their backs.Tim swam toward land as water washed over the boys’faces.

“Are we almost there？”they asked again and again.“Yes，”Tim told them each time.

After 30 minutes，they reached the pier.

1.Why did the two boys go to the sea?

A．To go boat rowing.

B．To get back their football.

C．To swim in the open water.

D．To test the umbrella as a sail.

2.What does “it” in Paragraph 2 refer to?

A．The beach. B．The water.

C．The boat. D．The wind.

3.Why did Tim raise his head regularly?

A．To take in enough fresh air.

B．To consider turning back or not.

C．To check his distance from the boys.

D．To ask the boys to take down the umbrella.

4.How did the two boys finally reach the pier?

A．They were dragged to the pier by Tim.

B．They swam to the pier all by themselves.

C．They were washed to the pier by the waves.

D．They were carried to the pier by Tim on his back.

(2013·高考四川卷，E)Fear may be felt in the heart as well as in the head，according to a study that has found a link between the cycles of a beating heart and the chance of someone feeling fear.

Tests on healthy volunteers found that they were more likely to feel a sense of fear at the moment when their hearts are contracting(收缩) and pumping blood around their bodies，compared with the point when the heartbeat is relaxed.Scientists say the results suggest that the heart is able to influence how the brain responds to a fearful event，depending on which point it is at in its regular cycle of contraction and relaxation.

Sarah Garfinkel at the Brighton and Sussex Medical School said：“Our study shows for the first time that the way in which we deal with fear is different depending on when we see fearful pictures in relation to our heart.”

The study tested 20 healthy volunteers on their reactions to fear as they were shown pictures of fearful faces.Dr Garfinkel said，“The study showed that fearful faces are better noticed when the heart is pumping than when it is relaxed.Thus our hearts can also affect what we see and what we don’t see－and guide whether we see fear.”

To further understand this relationship，the scientists also used a brain scanner(扫描仪) to show how the brain influences the way the heart changes a person’s feeling of fear.

“We have found an important mechanism by which the heart and brain ‘speak’to each other to change our feelings and reduce fear，”Dr Garfinkel said.

“We hope that by increasing our understanding about how fear is dealt with and ways that it could be reduced，we may be able to develop more successful treatments for anxiety disorders，and also for those who may be suffering from serious stress disorder.”

1.What is the finding of the study?

A．One’s heart affects how he feels fear.

B．Fear is a result of one’s relaxed heartbeat.

C．Fear has something to do with one’s health.

D．One’s fast heartbeats are likely to cause fear.

2.The study was carried out by analyzing________.

? A．volunteers’ heartbeats when they saw terrible pictures

? B．the time volunteers saw fearful pictures and their health conditions

? C．volunteers’ reactions to horrible pictures and data from their brain scans

? D．different pictures shown to volunteers and their heart?brain communication

3.Which of the following is closest in meaning to“mechanism” in Paragraph 6?

A．Order. B．System.

C．Machine. D．Treatment.

4.This study may contribute to________.

? A．treating anxiety and stress better

? B．explaining the cycle of fear and anxiety

? C．finding the key to the heart?brain communication

? D．understanding different fears in our hearts and heads

(2013·高考江西卷，A)The light from the campfire brightened the darkness，but it could not prevent the damp cold of Dennis’s Swamp (沼泽地) creeping into their bones.It was a strange place.Martin and Tom wished that they had not accepted Jack’s dare.They liked camping，but not near this swamp.

“So，”Martin asked as they sat watching the hot coals.“How did this place get its name? ”

“Are you sure you want to hear it ? It’s a scary story，”warned Jack.

“Of course！”cried out Tom.“If there were anything to be scared of，you wouldn’t have chosen this place！”

“Ok，but don’t say I didn’t warn you，” said Jack，and he began his tale.

“Way back in time，a man called Dennis tried to start a farm here.He built that cottage over there to live in.In those days，the area looked quite different—it was covered with tall trees and the swamp was a crystal?clear river.After three hard years，Dennis had cleared several fields and planted crops.He was so proud of his success that he refused to listen to advice.

“‘You are clearing too much land，’warned one old man.‘The land is a living thing.It will hit back at you if you abuse it.’”

“‘Silly fool，’said Dennis to himself.‘If I clear more land，I can grow more crops.I’ll become wealthier.He’s just jealous！’”

“Dennis continued to chop down trees.Small animals that relied on them for food and shelter were destroyed.He was so eager to expand his farm that he did not notice the river flowing slowly towards his door.He did not notice salt seeping to the surface of the land.He did not notice swamp plants choking all the native plants.”

“What happened？”Martin asked.It was growing colder.He trembled，twisting his body closer to the fire.

“The land hit back—just as the old man warned，”Jack shrugged.“Dennis disappeared.Old folks around here believe that swamp plants moved up from the river and dragged him underwater.His body was never found.”

“What a stupid story，”laughed Tom.“Plants can’t...”Before he had finished speaking，he screamed and fainted(晕倒)．The other two boys jumped up with fright，staring at Tom.Suddenly，they burst out laughing.Some green swamp ivy (常春藤) had covered Tom’s face.It was a while before Tom could appreciate the joke.

1.The underlined word “dare”in Paragraph 1 is closest in meaning to________.

A．courage B．assistance

C．instruction D．challenge

2.Why did Jack tell Tom and Martin the story?

A．To frighten them.

B．To satisfy their curiosity.

C．To warn them of the danger of the place.

D．To persuade them to camp in the swamp.

3.Why did Dennis ignore the warning of the old man?

A．The old man envied him.

B．The old man was foolish

C．He was too busy to listen to others.

D．He was greedy for more crops.

4.Why did Tom scream and faint?

A．He saw Dennis’s shadow.

B．He was scared by a plant.

C.His friends played a joke on him.

D．The weather became extremely cold.

5.What lesson can we learn from the story of Dennis?

A．Grasp all，lose all.

B．No sweat，no sweet.

C．It is no use crying over spilt milk.

D．He who makes no mistakes makes nothing.

(2013·高考陕西卷，D)About 30 years ago，I left Cuba for the United States with my son.After getting settled finally in Brunswick，New Jersey，I enrolled(注册) my son in kindergarten.Several weeks later，my son’s teacher asked me to meet him at his office.

In the teacher’s office，and exchange of greetings was followed by his questions：“Is your son mentally retarded(弱智的)？Does he suffer from any kind of mental disability？”

Was he talking about my wonderful Scola? NO，no，it can’t be.What a helpless，lonely moment！I told him that Scola was a quiet，sweet little boy，instead.I asked him why he was asking me all these questions.

My son could not follow the teacher’s directions，he told me，and thus，Scola was disrupting the class，Didn’t he know my son did not speak English yet?

He was angry；“Why hasn’t your son been taught to speak English? Don’t you speak English at home？”

No，I didn’t speak English at home，I replied.I was sure my son would learn English in a couple of months，and I didn’t want him to forget his native language.Well，wrong answer！What kind of person would not speak in English to her son at home and at all times? “Are you one of those people who come to this country to save dollars and send them back to their country，never wanting to be a part of this society？”

Needless to say，I tried to tell him I was not one of “those people”．Then he told me the meeting was over，and I left.

As I had expected，my son learned to speak English fluently before the school year was over.He went on to graduate from college and got a job，earning close to six figures.He travels widely and leads a well?adjusted，contented life.And he has benefited from being bilingual(双语的)。

Speaking more than one language allows people to communicate with others；it teaches people about other cultures and other places—something very basic and obviously lacking in the“educator”I met in New Jersey.

1.The teacher asked the author to his office________.

A．to discuss Scola’s in?class performance

B．to get Scola enrolled in kindergarten

C．to find a language partner for Scola

D．to work out a study plan for Scola

2.What does the underlined word“disrupting” in Paragraph 4 probably mean?

A．Breaking B．Following

C．Attending D．Disturbing

3.The author’s attitude towards being bilingual may best be described as________.

A．critical B．casual

C．positive D passive

4.This text is likely to be selected from a book of________.

A．medicine B．education

C．geography D history

(2013·高考新课标全国卷Ⅱ)Michael Greenberg is a very popular New Yorker.He is not famous in sports or the arts.But people in the streets___him，especially those who are____.

For those people，he is “Gloves” Greenberg.How did he get that____？He looks like any other businessman，wearing a suit and carrying a briefcase (公文箱)．But he’s____.His briefcase always has some gloves.

In winter，Mr.Greenberg does not____like other New Yorkers，who look at the sidewalk and ____the street.He looks around at____.He stops when he____someone with no gloves.He gives them a pair and then he____，looking for more people with cold____.

On winter days，Mr.Greenberg____gloves.During the rest of the year，he____gloves.People who have heard about him____him gloves，and he has many in his apartment.

Mr.Greenberg ___ doing this 21 years ago.Now，many poor New Yorkers know him and___his behavior.But people who don’t know him are sometimes____ him.They don’t realize that he just wants to make them____.

It runs in the____.Michael’s father always helped the poor as he believed it made everyone happier.Michael Greenberg feels the____.A pair of gloves may be a____thing，but it can make a big difference in winter.

1.A.know about? B．learn from

C．cheer for? D．look after

2.A.old? B．busy

C．kind? D．poor

3.A.job? B．name

C．chance??? D．message

4.A.calm? B．different

C．crazy? D．curious

5.A.act? B．sound

C．feel? D．dress

6.A.cross over? B．drive along

C．hurry down? D．keep off

7.A.cars? B．people

C．street numbers? D．traffic lights

8.A.helps? B．chooses

C．greets?? D．sees

9.A.holds up? B．hangs out

C．moves on? D．turns around

10.A.hands? B．ears

C．faces?? D．eyes

11.A.searches for?? B．stores up

C．gives away?? D．puts on

12.A.borrows?? B．sells

C．returns? D．buys

13.A.call?? B．send

C．lend? D．show

14.A.delayed?? B．remembered

C．began?? D．enjoyed

15.A.understand?? B．dislike

C．study? D．excuse

16.A.sorry for? B．satisfied with

C．proud of? D．surprised by

17.A.smart? B．rich

C．special? D．happy

18.A.city? B．family

C．neighborhood? D．company

19.A.honor? B．pain

C．same? D．cold

20.A.small? B．useful

C．delightful? D．comforting

(2013·高考北京卷)Leaping on a narrow balance beam(平衡木) is not easy.But Lola Walter，a 13?year?old gymnast，is an expert at it.

To perfect her skills，Lola____for four hours a day，five days a week.At the state championships in March，she finished seventh out of 16 girls.

That’s especially impressive，____she is legally blind，born with a rare condition that causes her eyes to shift(移动)constantly.She often sees double and can’t____how far away things are.

When she was little，her mom____that even though she couldn’t see____，she was fearless.So her mom signed her up for gymnastics when she was three.She loved the____right away and gymnastics became her favorite.

Though learning gymnastics has been more____for her than for some of her teammates，she has never quit.She doesn’t let her____stop her from doing anything that she wants to.

She likes the determination it takes to do the sport.Her biggest____is the balance beam.Because she has double vision，she often sees to beams.She must use her sense of touch to help her during her routine.Sometimes she even closes her eyes.“You have to____your mind that it’ll take you where you want to go，”says Lola.

To be a top?level gymnast，one must be brave.The beam is probably the most____for anyone because it’s four inches wide.At the state competition，Lola didn’t fall____the beam.In fact，she got an 8.1 out of 10—her highest score yet.

Lola doesn’t want to be____differently from the other girls on her team.At competitions，the judges don’t know about her vision____.She doesn’t tell them，because she doesn’t think they need to know.Her mom is amazed by her____attitude.

Lola never thinks about____.She is presently at level 7 while the highest is level 10 in gymnastics.Her____is to reach level 9.She says she wants to be a gymnastics coach to pass down what she’s learned to other kids____she grows up.

Lola is____of all her hard work and success.She says it’s helped her overcome problems in her life outside gymnastics too.Her____for others is “just believe in yourself.”

1.A.runsB．teaches

C．trains? D.dances

2.A.since? B.unless

C．after? D.though

3.A.tell? B.guess

C.assume? D.predict

4.A.suspected? B remembered

C．imaginedD．noticed

5.A.deeply? B.well

C.aheadD．closely

6.A.task? B.sport

C.eventD．show

7.A.boringB．enjoyable

C．difficult? D.satisfactory

8.A.talentB． quality

C.nature? D.condition

9.A.doubt? B.advantage

C．challenge? D．progress

10.．A.examine? B．express

C．openD．trust

11.A.fearful? B．harmful

C．unfair? D．inconvenient

12.A.toB．on

C．off? D.against

13.．A.greetedB．treated

C．served? D.paid

14.A.pains? B.stresses

C．injuriesD．problems

15.A.positive? B.friendly

C.flexibleD．cautious

16.A.defendingB．quitting

C.winningD．bargaining

17.A.standardB．range

C．viewD．goal

18.A.untilB．as

C.when? D.before

19.A.proudB．tired

C．ashamed? D.confident

20.A.planB．advice

C.reward? D.responsibility

(2013·高考重庆卷，A)When Joe was about to start school，all signs pointed to success.Yet things turned out to be quite___.The fourth grade even found him at the___of the class.Joe? struggled day and night，but it did not____－until one stormy afternoon.

On that afternoon，____the math teacher started to introduce difficult concepts，dark? clouds covered the sky，and the storm set in.Hard though she tried to make the kids____，the thunder won the battle for their attention.No one____the concepts.Except for Joe.He understood them and answered all the questions correctly.The teacher patted him on the back，and told him to go around to the others and explain how he had? managed it.____by his newfound? success，Joe moved quickly throughout the room.Soon math time was followed by the time for____.All children naturally drew____pictures on such a day.Except for Joe.

Since then，Joe started____.Though he never made it to the top，his math teacher was always____and curious about the change：Why had that stormy day changed Joe?

On the day Joe? graduated，he presented the teacher with his most____possession－the picture of a bright yellow sun.On the picture Joe had written：This is the day I____my brightness.

1.A.unfair? B．boring

C．disappointing? D．dangerous

2.A.center? B．top

C．beginning? D．bottom

3.A.happen? B．work

C．finish? D．last?????

4.A.until? B．since

C．because? D．as?

5.A.concentrate? B．change

C．hide? D．sit

6.A.challenged? B．grasped

C．doubted? D．admitted

7.A.Relieved? B．Surprised

C．Encouraged? D．Puzzled

8.A.class? B．sports

C．art? D．tea

9.A.great? B．dark

C．different? D．strange

10.A.improving? B．painting

C．recovering? D．studying

11.A.worried? B．amazed

C．friendly? D．cautious

12.A.familiar? B．expensive

C．admirable? D．precious

13.A.woke up to? B．put up with

C．got on with? D．looked down upon

(2013·高考福建卷)We have been driving in fog all morning，but the fog is lifting now.The little seaside villages are ____ ，one by one.“There is my grandmother’s house，”I say，____ across the bay to a shabby old house.

I am in Nova Scotia on a pilgrimage (朝圣) with Lise，my granddaughter，seeking roots for her，retracing (追溯) ____ memory for me.Lise was one of the mobile children，____ from house to house in childhood.She longs for a sense of ____，and so we have come to Nova Scotia where my husband and I were born and where our ancestors ____ for 200 years.

We soon ____ by the house and I tell her what it was like here，the memories ____ back，swift as the tide (潮水)．

Suddenly，I long to walk again in the ____ where I was once so gloriously a child.It still ____ a member of the family，but has not been lived in for a while.We cannot go into the house，but I can still walk ____ the rooms in memory.Here，my mother ____ in her bedroom window and wrote in her diary.I can still see the enthusiastic family ____ into and out of the house.I could never have enough of being ___ them.However，that was long after those childhood days.Lise ___ attentively as I talk and then says，“So this is where I ____； where I belong.”

She has ____ her roots.To know where I come from is one of the great longings of the human ____.To be rooted is“to have an origin”．We need ____ origin.Looking backward，we discover what is unique in us; learn the ____ of“I”．We must all go home again—in reality or memory.

1.A.appearing? B．moving

C．exposing? D．expanding

2.A.referring? B．travelling

C．pointing? D．coming

3.A.shared? B．short

C．fresh? D．treasured

4.A.passed? B．raised

C．moved? D．sent

5.A.home??? B．duty

C．reality? D．relief

6.A.built? B．lived

C．remained? D．explored

7.A.catch up? B．pull up

C．step down? D．come down

8.A.falling? B．turning

C．rushing? D．bringing

9.A.yard? B．village

C．room? D．house

10.A.adapts to? B．appeals to

C．belongs to? D．occurs to

11.A.across? B．through

C．along? D．past

12.A.lay??? B．played

C．stood? D．sat

13.A.marching? B．looking

C．breaking? D．pouring

14.A.between? B．with

C．near? D．behind

15.A.wonders? B．listens

C．reacts? D．agrees

16.A.began? B．grew

C．studied? D．stayed

17.A.deepened? B．recognized

C．accepted? D．found

18.A.heart??? B．rights

C．interest? D．behaviors

19.A.one? B．its

C．that??? D．every

20.A.meaning? B．expression

C．connection? D．background