Most people are aware that outdoor air pollution can damage their health，but many do not know that indoor air pollution can also have significant health effects.Environmental Protection Agency studies indicate that indoor levels of pollutants may be 3～5 times，and occasionally more than 100 times，higher than outdoor levels.These levels of indoor air pollutants may be of particular concern because most people spend about 90% of their time indoors.

There are many sources of indoor air pollution in any home.These include sources such as oil，gas，coal，wood，and tobacco products，building materials，wet or damp carpet，and furniture made of certain pressed wood products，products for household cleaning and maintenance，personal care，or hobbies，central heating and cooling systems.

Immediate effects may show up after a single exposure (暴露) or repeated exposures.These include irritation of the eyes，nose，and throat，headaches，dizziness.Such immediate effects are usually short?term and treatable.Sometimes the treatment is simply removing the person’s exposure to the source of the pollution，if it can be identified.

The likelihood of immediate reactions to indoor air pollutants depends on several factors.Age and pre?existing medical conditions are two important influences.In other cases，whether a person reacts to a pollutant depends on individual sensitivity，which varies tremendously from person to person.Some people can become sensitized to biological pollutants after repeated exposures，and it appears that some people can become sensitized to chemical pollutants as well.

Certain immediate effects are similar to those from colds or other viral (病毒性的) diseases，so it is often difficult to determine if the symptoms are a result of exposure to indoor air pollution.While pollutants commonly found in indoor air are responsible for many harmful effects，there is considerable uncertainty about what concentrations or periods of exposure are necessary to produce specific health problems.People also react very differently to exposure to indoor air pollutants.Therefore，further research is needed to better understand the effects of indoor air pollution and to find efficient ways to protect our health.

1.According to the first paragraph，which of the following is NOT true?

A．People often fail to notice indoor air pollution.

B．Indoor air pollution sometimes is more dangerous than outdoor air pollution.

C．Outdoor air pollution may not be so serious as indoor air pollution.

D．It is obvious that people have been paying more attention to indoor air pollution.

2.According to the author，which may NOT be the source of indoor air pollution?

A．Building materials.? B．Wet carpet.

C．Cooling system.? D．Refrigerators.

3. What does the underlined word “irritation” in the third paragraph probably mean?

A．Bad intention.? B．Much sensitivity.

C．Injury.? D．Carelessness.

4. Which of the following might be the best title for the passage?

A．Reactions of Pollution? B．Danger from Home

C．Pollution Resources? D．Different Pollutions

One Monday morning，news got around in the schoolyard about a fire over the weekend.Soon Mr.Johnson，my teacher，came to explain that the Art class would be ____ due to the fire.He also warned us not to approach the Art room because it could be ____.

During the morning break，Kirn and I decided to take a ____.A first hand observation would make us heroes at lunch.At the appointed time，Kirn and I ____ the Art room，ignoring the consequence I would face ____ I got caught.We stood on tiptoes looking hard ___ the door window，trying in vain to see ____ was forbidden.Suddenly a firm __ on our shoulders stopped us.

Turning around，I found a teacher staring angrily at us.In those seconds millions of ___ flashed through my mind.My father would beat me hard.____ than that，my mom might be so mad that she might not stop him.My spirits ____ even lower while realizing how ____ Mr.Johnson would be.

When Kirn and I were led back to our classroom，I could found ____ to hide and wanted to melt into the ____.However，Mr.Johnson had a different ___ to teach.

Slowly，he bent down to look me in the ____，and I was met with a look of concern rather than anger.He spoke softly as he explained why he was ____ in my decision to go where I may have got hurt.He cared more about my ____ than the fact that I’d broken a rule.My heart was ___ with regret，and I discovered that he still loved me even after I disappointed him.The rest of the day，he didn’t even mention it in class publicly，___ did he tell my parents.It was the first time I felt the power of being given an unexpected second chance.

1.A.confirmed?? B．examined

C．cancelled? D．suggested

2.A.useless? B．dangerous

C．childish D．naughty

3.A.test? B．risk

C．check? D．chance

4.A.reached B．searched

C．entered? D．cleaned

5.A.until? B．unless

C．as? D．if

6.A.over? B．within

C．through? D．across

7.A.what? B．how

C．why? D．which

8.A.word? B．hold

C．cry? D．order

9.A.thoughts? B．feelings

C．solutions? D．excuses

10.A.Easier? B．Less

C．More? D．Worse

11.．A.changed? B．lifted

C．sank? D．lost

12.A.strange? B．angry

C．kind? D．sad

13.A.somewhere? B．anywhere

C．nowhere? D．everywhere

14.A.fire? B．laugh

C．table?? D．floor

15.A.course? B．lesson

C．knowledge? D．ability

16.A.eye? B．head

C．hand? D．feet

17.A.embarrassed? B．excited

C．disappointed? D．moved

18.A.grade? B．honesty

C．interest?? D．safety

19.A.full? B．heavy

C．relaxed? D．empty

20.A.so? B．nor

C．either? D．yet

Mothers and daughters go through so much—yet when was the last time a mother and daughter sat down to write a book together about it all? Perri Klass and her mother，Sheila Solomon Klass，both gifted professional writers，prove to be ideal co?writers as they examine their decades of motherhood，daughterhood，and the wonderful ways their lives have overlapped(重叠)．

Perri notes with amazement how closely her own life has mirrored her mother’s: both have full?time careers; both have published books，articles，and stories; each has three children; they both love to read.They also love to travel—in fact，they often take trips together.But in truth，the harder they look at their lives，the more they acknowledge their big differences in circumstance and basic nature.

A child of the Depression(大萧条)，Sheila was raised in Brooklyn by parents who considered education a luxury for girls.Starting with her college education，she has fought for everything she’s ever accomplished.Perri，on the other hand，grew up privileged in the New Jersey suburbs of the 1960s and 1970s.For Sheila，wasting time or money is a crime，and luxury is unthinkable while Perri enjoys the occasional small luxury，but has not been successful at trying to persuade her mother into enjoying even the tiniest thing she likes.

Each writing in her own unmistakable voice，Perri and Sheila take turns exploring the joys and pains，the love and bitterness，the minor troubles and lasting respect that have always bonded them together.Sheila describes the adventure of giving birth to Perri in a tiny town in Trinidad where her husband was doing research fieldwork.Perri admits that she can’t sort out all the mess in the households，even though she knows it drives her mother crazy.Together they compare thoughts on bringing up children and working，admit long?hidden sorrows，and enjoy precious memories.

Looking deep into the lives they have lived separately and together，Perri and Sheila tell their mother?daughter story with honesty，humor，enthusiasm，and admiration for each other.A written account in two voices，Every Mother Is a Daughter is a duet(二重奏) that produces a deep，strong sound with the experiences that all mothers and daughters will recognize.????????????? ????????????? (2013·湖北，B)

1.Why does Perri think that her own life has mirrored her mother’s?

A．They both have gone through difficult times.

B．They have strong emotional ties with each other.

C．They have the same joys and pains，and love and bitterness.

D．They both have experiences as daughter，mother and writer.

2.The word “luxury” in Paragraph 3 means________.

A．something rare but not pleasant

B．something that cannot be imagined

C．something expensive but not necessary

D．something that can only be enjoyed by boys

3.What is Paragraph 4 mainly about?

A．The content of the book.

B．The purpose of the book.

C．The influence of the book.

D．The writing style of the book.

4.How are women’s lives explored in this book?

A．In a musical form.

B．Through field research.

C．With unique writing skills.

D．From different points of view.

The way people hold to the belief that a fun?filled，pain?free life equals happiness actually reduces their chances of ever attaining real happiness.If fun and pleasure are equal to happiness，then pain must be equal to unhappiness.But in fact，the opposite is true.More often than not，things that lead to happiness involve some pain.

As a result，many people avoid the very attempts that are the source of true happiness.They fear the pain inevitably (不可避免地) brought by such things as marriage，raising children，professional achievement，religious commitment and self?improvement.

Ask a bachelor (单身汉) why he resists marriage even though he finds dating to be less and less satisfying.If he is honest，he will tell you that he is afraid of making a commitment.Certainly，commitment is quite painful.The single life is filled with fun，adventure，and excitement.Marriage has such moments，but they are not its most distinguishing (显著的) features.

Couples with infant (婴儿) children are lucky to get a whole night’s sleep or a three?day vacation.I don’t know any parent who would choose the word fun to describe raising children.But couples who decide not to have children never know the joys of watching a child grow up or of playing with a grandchild.

Understanding and accepting that true happiness has nothing to do with fun is one of the most liberating realizations.It liberates time：now we can devote more hours to activities that can genuinely increase our happiness.It liberates money：buying that new car or those fancy clothes that will do nothing to increase our happiness now seems pointless.And it liberates us from envy：we now understand that all those who are always having so much fun actually may not be happy at all.

1.According to the author，a bachelor doesn’t want to marry mainly because________.

A．he is unwilling to take family responsibilities

B．he believes that life will be more cheerful if he remains single

C．he finds more fun in dating than in marriage

D．he fears it will put an end to all his fun adventure and excitement

2.Raising children，in the author’s opinion，is________.

A．a moral duty

B．a thankless job

C．a rewarding task

D．a source of inevitable pain

3.To understand what true happiness is one must________.

A．have as much fun as possible during one’s lifetime

B．make every effort to liberate oneself from pain

C．put up with pain under all circumstances

D．be able to distinguish happiness from fun

4.What is the main idea of the passage?

A．Happiness often goes hand in hand with pain.

B．One must know how to attain happiness.

C．It is important to make commitments.

D．It is pain that leads to happiness.

Jack Benny was one of the most famous names in show business.He was born in Chicago，Illinois，on February 14th,1894.His parents，Meyer and Emma Kubelsky，were religious Jews.They had moved to the United States from Eastern Europe.Benny was a quiet boy.For much of the time，his parents were busy working in his father’s store.As a child，Benny learned to play the violin.After finishing his school，he joined the Navy.He continued using his violin to perform for sailors.In one show he was chosen more for his funny jokes than for his skill with the violin.That experience made him believe that his future job was a comedian.

Benny developed a show personality that had all the qualities people dislike.He was known for being so stingy—he refused to spend any money unless forced to do so.On his shows Benny often spoke of his appearance，especially his baby blue eyes.As he grew older，he always claimed to be 39 years old.Benny rarely made jokes that hurt other people.Instead，he would let the other actors on the show tell jokes about him.

In real life，he was very giving and he was a person people liked having as their employer.Benny entered the new media of television in 1950.Five years later，he dropped his radio programme to spend more time developing his television show.At first his appearances on television were rare.By 1960 the Benny Show was a weekly television programme.It continued until 1965.Benny appeared in about twenty films during his life.A few became popular.But most were not.In 1963 Benny returned to Broadway for the first time since 1931.

Benny received many awards during his lifetime.Perhaps the one honour that pleased him most was that his hometown of Waukeegan named a school for him.This was a special honour for a man who had never finished high school.

Benny continued to perform.He died of cancer in 1974.At his funeral his friend Bob Hope said，“Jack Benny was stingy to the end.He gave us only eighty years.”

1.Benny was determined to be a comedian after he ______.

A．left high school

B．joined the Navy

C．performed in a show for the sailors

D．left the Navy for Broadway

2.The underlined word “stingy” in Paragraph 2 can be replaced by “________”．

A．clever? B．mean

C．outgoing? D．hard?working

3. According to the text，on Benny’s shows，he ________.

A．developed a good personality

B．played the violin skillfully

C．often referred to his appearance

D．said funny things that hurt others

4. Which of the following statements is TRUE about Benny?

A．He did a good job in show business.

B．His first appearance on TV was very successful.

C．Most of his films became well?known to Americans.

D．He treated all his awards as nothing.

Levi Strauss was born in 1829 in Germany.He was the fifth of six children.In 1845，his father died.All six children decided 1.________(go) to the United States.Strauss went to the southeastern part of the US.For eight years，he walked along the country roads 2.________(sell) dry goods from door to door—just like his father in Germany.

In 1853，Strauss decided to move to San Francisco，3.______thousands of people were looking for gold. 4._______his way to California，Strauss sold almost all of his dry goods.He had only one thing5.________(leave)some canvas (帆布)．

In California，Strauss tried to sell the canvas to the gold miners.He said they could make tents from the canvas.But they weren’t 6._______(interest) in canvas for tents.Strauss didn’t know 7._______to do with the canvas.Before long Strauss found the miners needed new pants.There were holes in their pants? 8.______the cloth wasn’t strong.He decided to make the canvas 9._______pants.They called them “Levi’s”．Later, Strauss stopped using canvas and used a different cloth.It was a heavy cotton cloth—the same kind people wear today.

Levi Strauss died in 1902.He never married and left money to his nephews.He left the world much more—the jeans 10.________so many people wear.

One night，at 11?30 p．m.，an older African American woman was standing on the side of an Alabama highway trying to endure a lashing rainstorm.Her car had broken 1.______and she desperately needed a ride.Soaking (湿透) wet，she 2.______(decide) to flag down the next car.A young white man stopped 3._____(help) her—generally unheard of in those conflict?filled 1960s.The man took her to 4._____(safe)，helped her get assistance and put her into a taxicab.She seemed to be in a big hurry，but wrote down his address，thanked 5._______.

Seven days went by and 6._____knock came on the man’s door. 7._____his surprise，a giant console color TV was delivered to his home.A special note was attached.It read，“Thank you so much 8.________assisting me on the highway the other night.The rain drenched (湿透) not only my clothes9._______ my spirits.Then you came along.Because of you，I was able to make it to my 10._______(die) husband’s bedside just before he passed away.God bless you for helping me and unselfishly serving others.”

Does going to college really pay off？Certainly!

I remember taking __1.__ English class in college on the short story. Our first assignment was to read __2.__ short stories and then discuss which one was better. After __3.__(read)both，I wasn’t sure. Over the __4.__ several months, my professor taught me __5._ one story was so much better than the other.__ 6.__ was rich in metaphor(隐喻)and character development, _7.__ the other was humorous 8._ too shallow. I couldn’t see this at first. Yet,

in a few months, my brain got reeducated and __9.__ could see the difference between good and bad writing and could appreciate literature at a whole new level.

Going to college helps build a strong mind, which leads __10.__ greater success in one’s life.

The following words were written on the tomb of an Anglican Bishop(主教) in the Crypts of Westminster Abbey(西敏寺):

When I was young and free and my__1.__(imagine) had no limits, I dreamed of changing the world.__ 2.__ I grew older and wiser, I discovered the world would not change, so I __3.__ (short) my sights somewhat and decided to change only my country. But _4.__， too, seemed immovable.

As I grew _5.__ my twilight years (晚年), in one last desperate attempt, I settled for changing only my family，those __6.__(close) to me, _7._alas, they would have _8.__ of it.And now as I lie on my deathbed, I suddenly realize: If I had only changed myself first, then by example I __9._ (change) my family.

From their inspiration and encouragement, I would then have been able __10._(better) my country and, who knows, I may have even changed the world.

[2011·广东卷] One Sunday morning in August I went to a local music festival. I left it early because I had an appointment__1.__ (late) that day. My friends walked me to the bus stop and waited with me__2.__ the bus arrived. I got on the bus and found a seat near the back, and then I noticed a man_3.__ (sit) at the front. He_4.__ (pretend) that a tiger toy was real and giving it a voice. He must be_5.__ (mental) disabled.

Behind him were other people to__6.__he was trying to talk, but after some minutes__7._ walked away and sat near me, looking annoyed.

I didn’t want to be laughed at for talking to him but I didn’t like leaving him__8._ his own either.

After a while I rose from my seat and walked to the front of the bus. I sat next to the man and introduced myself. We had__9. amazing conversation. He got off the bus before me and I felt very happy the rest of the way home.

I’m glad I made the choice. It made__10._ of us feel good.