Usually social scientists have greater difficulty in their research work than physical scientists. By that I do not mean to belittle (cause to seem unimportant) the great achievements of physical scientists, who have been able, for example, to describe the atom(原子) without seeing it. That is a splendid achievement, yet in many ways it is not so difficult as what social scientists are expected to do. The conditions under which social scientists must work would drive a physical scientist mad. Here are five of those obstacles (障碍) . He can make few experiments, he cannot measure the results exactly, he cannot control the conditions surrounding the experiments, he is often expected to get quick results with low-acting economic force, and he must work with people, not with objects.

(1)According to the writer, social scientists ________.

[　　]

A．make more achievements to society than physical scientist

B．have settled more problems than physical scientists

C．are no more important than physical scientists

D．face more obstacles than physical scientists in their research work

(2)A physical scientist would find the restrictions (限制) laid upon social scientists ________.

[　　]

A．difficult for him to manage

B．quite easy to deal with

C．like those in his own field

D．helpful to his scientific experiments

(3)The underlined word “that” in the passage refers to ________.

[　　]

A．“difficulty” in the first sentence

B．the first sentence as a whole

C．“to belittle the great achievements of physical scientists” in the second sentence

D．“the atom” in the second sentence

(4)The discovery of the atom by physical scientists is ________.

[　　]

A．not so remarkable as the achievements of social scientists

B．more valuable than what social scientists have ever got

C．their greatest achievement

D．a great achievement of theirs

(5)The conditions under which a social scientist must work are characterized by ________.

[　　]

阅读理解

　　When some plates of the earth move suddenly, an earthquake happens. Many earthquakes begin under the sea. Earthquakes may happen anywhere on the earth. They often happen near mountains.

　　During an earthquake , the shakings make rocks rise suddenly and even crack (断裂) open. House fall, people are killed or hurt, and sometimes whole villages or cities are destroyed.

　　Can we do something to keep ourselves safe from earthquakes? Scientists have studied earthquakes and made maps that show the “earthquake belts (带)” In the areas, it's possible for earthquakes to happen. In these areas we can build strong houses to fight against earthquakes.

　　In the future, scientists will be able to predict exactly (精确地) when and where an earthquake will happen. They can also tell people what to do and how to do it.

1．It is said that a large number of earthquakes often happen ________.

[　　]

2．The reason for an earthquake is ________.

[　　]

A．rock's cracking open

B．the result of rock plates' sudden movement

C．that there're many mountains on the earth

D．that the sea is too deep

3．A map showing the earthquake belts will tell people ________.

[　　]

A．what houses to build

B．what kind of houses can stay up in an earthquake

C．where earthquakes may happen

D．how to keep themselves safe during an earthquake

4．In the future we'll be no longer so afraid of an earthquake ________.

[　　]

A．with the help of scientists' exact prediction

B．because of a map showing the “earthquake belts”

C．because we can guess the date and place of the earthquakes

D．as scientists know what to do and how to do it

5．The best title of this passage should be ________.

[　　]

A．An Earthquake

B．A Scientist and an Earthquake

C．How to Fight Against Earthquakes

D．Earthquakes Today and Tomorrow

阅读理解

　　African women who carry heavy loads on their .heads use much less energy per pound of load than soldiers who carry the same weight on their backs. In fact , according to a team of Kenyan, Italian and U. S. researchers, these women can carry up to 20 percent of their body weight without costing any extra energy. Carrying a 70-percent load, the women raised their energy consumption (消耗) only about 50 percent while nearly 100 percent for soldiers.

　　The scientists said they could not explain the finding for certain. One speculation (推测) is that head-supported loads are moved less up-and-down or side-to-side with each step than back-or-shoulder supported loads. But experience also seems to be a factor (因素) , since people who are not used to head carrying use as much energy that way as they do hack-carrying.

1．What's the main idea of the passage?

[　　]

A．African women carry the heaviest loads in the world.

B．Head-supported loads costs less energy.

C．The best way of carrying loads.

D．Use your heads.

2．According to the passage, if an American woman carries a load of her body weight , how much energy consumption will she raise?

[　　]

A．20 percent.

B．50 percent.

C．80 percent.

D．100 percent.

3．We can draw a conclusion from the passage that ________.

[　　]

A．African men also carry things on their heads

B．African women began to practise carrying things on their heads from young

C．Any one who carries loads on his head will save some energy

D．If a load is fixed on one's back, he can save 20 percent of his energy

4．Which of the following is true according to the passage?

[　　]

A．An African woman can carry more loads than a soldier.

B．There is no exact explanation about the matter up to now.

C．The team of research group is made up of some Italian and U. S. scientists and also some Kenyan women.

D．We should form the habit of carrying thing on our heads.

阅读理解

　　Arabs consider it extremely bad manners to start talking business immediately. Even the busiest government official always takes extra time to be polite and offer refreshments (茶点). No matter how busy you are, you should make time for this.

　　The conference visit is a way of doing business throughout the Arab world. Frequently, you will have to discuss your business in the presence of strangers, who may or may not have anything to do with your business. Do not be surprised if your meeting is interrupted several times by people who come into the room unannounced, whisper, or speak softly to the person with whom you are talking, and leave. Act as though you do not hear, and never show displeasure at being interrupted.

　　Making decisions quickly is not an Arab custom. Their a vagueness in doing business in the Middle East will puzzle a newcomer. Give yourself lots of time and ask lots of questions.

　　When an Arab says yes, he may mean “maybe”. When he says maybe, he probably means “no”. You will seldom get a direct “no” from an Arab because it is considered impolite. Instead of “no” he will say “inshallan, ” which means, “if God is willing”. On the other hand, “yes” does not necessarily mean “yes”. A smile and a slow nod might seem like an agreement, but in fact, your host is being polite. An Arab considers it impolite to disagree with a guest.

1．The main purpose of this article is to explain ________.

[　　]

A．why you need extra time when you visit Arab countries

B．how to be polite when doing business in the Arab world

C．why Arab officials are so busy

D．what Arabs say when doing business

2．According to the article, which of the following would be considered polite?

[　　]

A．You leave angrily because of interruptions.

B．You demand an immediate decision.

C．You refuse a cup of tea and show pictures of your product right away.

D．You look out of the window while a stranger comes in to speak with your host.

3．From this article we know that ________.

[　　]

A．when an Arab wants to say yes, he often says “maybe”

B．an Arab seldom disagrees with a guest to his face

C．when an Arab agrees, a smile and a slow nod will be given

D．“inshallan” is an English word

4．Which of the following is NOT an Arab custom?

[　　]

A．Disliking being interrupted during their meeting.

B．Often giving you a vague answer.

C．Seldom saying “no” directly.

D．Seldom hesitating to start discussing business in the presence of strangers.

阅读理解

　　Robert Spring, a 19th century forger (伪造者), was so good at his profession that he was able to make his living for 15 years by selling false signatures of famous Americans. Spring was born in England in 1813 and arrived in Philadelphia in 1858 to open a bookstore. At first he succeeded in selling his small but genuine collection of early U. S. signatures. Discovering his ability at copying handwriting, he began imitating signatures of George Washington and Benjamin Franklin and writing them on the title pages of old books. To lessen the chance of being discovered, he sent his forgeries to England for sale.

　　Forgers have a hard time selling their products. A forger can't come near a respectable buyer but must deal with people who don't have much knowledge in the field. Forgers have many ways to make their works look real. For example, they buy old books to use the ages paper of the title page, and they can treat paper and ink with chemicals.

　　In Spring's time, right after the Civil War, Britain was still fond of the southern states, so Spring in vented a respectable maiden, lady known as Miss Fanny Jackson, the only daughter of “General Stonewall Jackson”. For several years Miss Fanny sold a great number of letters and manuscripts (手稿）belonging to her famous “father”. Spring had to work very hard to satisfy the demand. All this activity did not prevent Spring from dying in poverty, leaving sharp-eyed experts the difficult task of separating his forgeries from the originals.

1．The underlined word “genuine” in the first paragraph most probably means ________.

[　　]

2．Why did Spring sell his false signatures in England?

[　　]

A．There was a greater demand there than in America.

B．It was much safer there.

C．It was Spring birthplace.

D．The prices were higher in England.

3．Spring spent 15 years ________.

[　　]

A．running a bookstore in Philadelphia

B．writing about Miss Fanny Jackson

C．selling false signatures of famous Americans

D．collecting the early U. S. signatures

4．Who was Miss Fanny Jackson?

[　　]

A．The daughter of Genaral Stonewall Jackson.

B．A little girl who sold her father's paper to Spring.

C．Robert Spring's daughter.

D．An imaginary person by Spring.

阅读理解

　　I'm interested in the furnished cottage near Dedham which you made known in yesterday's newspaper, for my husband and I are coming to England in June and will stay at the cottage for three months. Would you please tell me exactly where it is and give me some information about bus and train service in the area? We need a cottage on a busy street. And I would also like to know about the shops there. Do the shops still supply? I know they did ten years ago.

　　I would also be thankful if you would tell me whether you supply sheets, etc, and whether a laundry (洗衣店) calls at the house. The rent you ask sounds reasonable for the size of the cottage. How do you like it paid? Weekly, monthly or in advance?

    I would be thankful for an early reply.

1．This passage must be taken from a ________.

[　　]

2．In the passage, “you” refers to ________.

[　　]

A．a friend of the writer's

B．the reader who reads the passage

C．some person who has cottages for hire

D．an unknown person living in England

3．According to the passage, which of the following is not true?

[　　]

A．“You” must have advertised in the newspaper.

B．The writer and her husband are to stay at Dedham.

C．The writer must have been to Dedham ten years ago.

D．The writer is interested in nothing but cottage.

4．Which of the following doesn't the writer wish to know further about?

[　　]

A．The postition of the cottage.

B．Things about the traffic.

C．The total rent for the cottage.

D．The shops and the supplies.

阅读理解

　　People often laugh at new and unusual things. They usually do this because they don't understand them. One of these things was bicycle. When these machines first began to appear on the streets, a crowd gathered to laugh at them. People thought they were ugly and useless objects. It is true that some of the earlier bicycles were rather unusual in appearance. Starley produced a most unusual looking bicycle (with three wheels ) in which the driver sat between two large wheels and a tiny wheel in front of him. Slowly, however, bicycles became more and more effective (有效的).

　　Starley invented different gears (齿轮) to make it easier to propel (推进) the wheels. Another inventor, Lawson, designed a chain which drove the back wheel round. By the end of the 19th century cycling was recognized as a way of getting about which was cheap and healthy.

1．The early bicycle looked ________.

[　　]

A．unusual

B．beautiful

C．ugly

D．like what it is today

2．Bicycle was invented and improved by ________.

[　　]

A．Starley

B．Starley and Lawson

C．Lawson

D．many people besides Starley and Lawson

3．From the passage we can infer that a new-born thing is usually ________ by most people.

[　　]

4．Bicycle has been ________ since about one hundred years ago.

[　　]

阅读理解

　　Homesick is a compound (复合的) word made up of HOME and SICK. You know what each word means on its own, of course. But think about what the words mean when they are used together. Homesick means SICK FOR HOME.

　　Now think for a minute about SEASICK. If you change the word home in the definition (释义) to the word sea, would it be the definition for SEASICK? Does seasick mean SICK FOR SEA? It means something quite different. SEASICK means MADE SICK BY THE MOVEMENT ON THE SEA. When you are homesick, the only place you want to be is at home. When you are seasick, the last place you want to be is at sea.

　　Have you ever heard of a person being heartsick? Heartsick doesn't mean that something is wrong with a person's heart. People are heartsick when they are hurt deep inside and when they feel as if their hearts are broken.

　　But, on the other hand, we have such compound words as handshake, handstand, and handbag. Perhaps you may write definition for them.

1．The word SEASICK means “________.”

[　　]

A．to be eager to go to the sea

B．what has nothing to do with the sea

C．to be sick because of the sea

D．that the sea is terrible

2．When we say a person is heartsick, we mean that ________.

[　　]

3．“The last place you want to be”is ________.

[　　]

A．where you want to be most

B．where you want to be least

C．where you go the last

D．the last place you go to

4．The definitions of handshake, handstand and handbag are ________.

[　　]

5．The author wants to tell us that ________.

[　　]

A．there are many compound words in English

B．the building of a compound word is interesting

C．the definitions of some compound words are hard to guess

D．not all the compound words are what they seem to be

阅读理解

　　All the housewives who went to the new supermarket had one great ambition: to be the lucky customer who did not have to pay for her shopping. For this was what the notice just inside the entrance promised. It said: “Remember, once a week, one of our customers gets free goods. This may be your lucky day.”

　　For several weeks Mrs Emerson hoped, like many of her friends, to be the lucky customer. Unlike her friends, she never gave up hope. the cupboards(食厨) in her kitchen were full of things which she did not need. In vain(徒劳) her husband tried to dissuade(劝阻) her. She dreamed of the day when the manager of the supermarket would approach her and say, “Madam, this is your lucky day. Everything in your basket is free.”

　　One Friday morning, after she had finished her shopping and had taken it to her car she found that she forgot to buy any tea. She dashed back to the supermarket, got the tea, and went towards the cashdesk(收银台). As she did so, she saw the manager of the supermarket, approach her. “Madam, ”he said, holding out his hand, “I want to congratulate you. You are our lucky customer and everything you have in your basket is free.”

1．The housewives who went to the supermarket were ________.

[　　]

A．envious

B．fourtunate

C．hopeful

D．poor

2．Mr Emerson tried to ________.

[　　]

A．cheer his wife up

B．make his wife buy more things

C．make his wife unhappy

D．stop his wife from buying things

3．Mrs Emerson went shopping by ________.

[　　]

4．The manager held out his hand because he wanted to ________.

[　　]

阅读理解

　　Our surroundings(环境) are being polluted faster than nature and man's present efforts cannot prevent it. Time is bringing us more people, and more people will bring us more industry, more cars, larger cities, and the growing use of man made materials.

　　What can explain and solve this problem? The fact is that pollution is caused by man?－by his desire(欲望) for a modern way of life. We make “increasing” industrization our chief aim. So we are often ready to offer everything: clean air, pure water, good food, our health and the future of our children. There is a constant flow of people from the countryside into the cities, eager for the benefits of our modern society. But as our technological achievements have grown in the last twenty years, pollution has become a serious problem.

　　Isn't it the time we stopped to ask ourselves where we are going?And why? It makes one think of the story about the airline pilot who told this passengers over the loudspeaker, “I've some good news and some bad news. The good news is that we're making rapid progress at 530 miles per hour. The bad news is that we're lost and don't know where we're going.” The sad fact is that this becomes a true story when spoken of our modern society.

1．Man cannot prevent the world from being polluted because _________.

[　　]

A．the population of the world is increasing fast

B．people use too many man-made materials

C．we have more and more industry

D．we are producing more cars, trucks and buses.

2．People crowd into the cities for ________.

[　　]

A．they want very much to find well-paid jobs

B．they are anxious to enjoy the achievements of our society.

C．they have become tired of their homeland

D．they have a strong wish to become industrial workers

3．The story about the airline pilot tells us that ________.

[　　]

A．man knows where the society is going

B．people do not welcome the rapid development of modern society

C．man can do little about the problem of pollution

D．the speaker is worried about the future of our society

4．What does the writer really want to say in this passage?

[　　]

A．With the development of technology pollution has become a serious problem.

B．Lower the speed of development to stop pollution.

C．It's time we did something to reduce pollution.

D．As industry is growing fast, pollution is the natural result.