阅读理解

　　Motivation (动机)to satisfy one's needs is brought a- bout by“drives”. These“drives”do not determine man' s behaviour is very hungry, it will be difficult for him to pay enough attention to anything except his need for food. our (行为),hut rather direct man' s energy towards certain aims. For example, man' s body requires food, which is a biological need.

　　When this need comes up, man feels uncomfortable and his thoughts turn to getting food of satisfying that need. If he While all men feel hungry, there is more than one method for helping 'free people of this uncomfortable feeling. How needs are satisfying depends on what we have been taught or what we have learned from our experiences. As we grow, we learn what foods our society considers acceptable, and how they should be prepared and eaten. In some societies, for example, pork (猪肉)is considered a special food while in other societies it is strictly forbidden. In some societies fish is always cooked, but in other societies raw fish is preferred. The way in which we satisfy a drive is a learned response (反应). Nature has not built a food-getting response into man. He cannot just eat whatever he wants or whenever there is food, his satisfaction of the hunger drive, for example, is limited by the rules of a society. Although we are hungry, according to the rules of society, we should not steal food, even if it belongs to someone weaker than we are.

(1)According to the passage,“drives”________.

[　　]

A．can be brought about by motivation

B．can always decide man' s action

C．direct man's energy toward certain goals

D．follow man' s motivations

(2)________ is a biological need.

[　　]

(3)The writer hopes to tell us that________.

[　　]

A．man should satisfy his biological needs whenever necessary

B．man's needs should always be satisfied without any condition

C．what man should do if he feels hungry

D．man' s satisfaction of needs is limited by the rules of a certain society

阅读理解

　　Australia, the last continent, was discovered by ships belonging to some European nations in the seventeenth century. These nations were less interested in changing it into a colony(殖民地)that in exploring it. As in the early history of the United States, it was the English who set up the settlements in Australia. This history and the geography of these two British colonies have some other things in common as well.

　　Australia and the United States are about the same in size, and their western lands are both not rich in soil. It was the eastern coast of Australia and America that the English first settled, and both colonies soon began to develop towards the west. However, his westward movements took place more because the English were searching for better land than the population was increasing. Settlements of the western part of both countries developed quickly after gold was discovered in America in 1849 and in Australia two years later.

　　Although the development of these two countries has a lot in common, there are some striking differences as well. The United States gained its independence from English by revolution while Australia won its independence without having to go to war. Australia, unlike the United States, was firstly turned into a colony by English prisoners and its economic development was in wheat growing and sheep raising. By 1922 ,for example, Australia had fifteen times more sheep than it had people, or almost half as many sheep as there are people today in the United States. Yet, in spite of these and other main differences, Australia and the United States haw

more in common with each other than either one has with most of the rest of the world.

(1)Who turned Australia into a colony? ________.

[　　]

A．Britain

B．Several European countries

C．The United Stales of America

D．None of the above

(2)In the early history of American and Australia, both colonies developed towards the west firstly for the reason that ________.

[　　]

A．the population was increasing rapidly in the east

B．the English thought there might be richer land there

C．gold was discovered there

D．fewer people lived there

(3)In the early 1920s,________.

[　　]

A．Australia had one fifteenth as many people as sheep

B．there were more sheep in Australia than in the United States

C the population in Australia was greater than that of the United Slates

D．the United States had twice as many sheep as people

(4)Australia, unlike the United States, ________.

[　　]

A．won its independence by peaceful meant

B．was the last and biggest continent to be discovered

C．its economic development was in wheat growing and sheep raising

D．was not rich in gold in its western part

(5)The last sentence in the last paragraph“... Australia and the United Stales have more in common with each other than either one has with most of the rest of the world.”means ________.

[　　]

A．The United States and Australia do not have any main differences

B．The United States and Australia have much more in common than they have with other countries

C．The United States and Australia have nothing in common With the rest of the world

D．In common with the rest of the world, the United States and Australia have a lot of differences

阅读理解

　　When Johnson called again, the manager received him very politely.“That is a most remarkable oil you brought us. Mr. Johnson,”he said. Johnson nodded his smooth, dark head. That was something he knew very well.“I've never seen anything like it.”the manager admitted. Johnson nodded again.“No?”he said polity. Then he added,“But I think you will, Sir. A very great deal of it.”He appeared to think for a moment.“I think you will find will be on sale seven, perhaps, eight years from now.”He smiled.

　　The manager thought that was uncertain. He said,“It is bet than our fish oils. I admit that.”“So I am told, sir,”agreed Johnson.

　　“Have you any plans to produce it yourself, manager?”Johnson smiled again.

　　“Would I be showing it to you if I had?”

　　“We might add some chemicals to one of our own fish oils.”said the manager,“It would be expensive to do that, even if you could.”Johnson said gently.“Besides,”he added,“I am told that this oil will be much cheaper than your best fish oils. Cheaper than any vegetable oils, in fact.”

　　“Perhaps,”said the. manager.“Well, I suppose you want to make an arrangement, Mr. Johnson. Shall we discuss it?”

　　“Of course,”said Johnson.“There are two ways of dealing with a situation of this. The usual one is to prevent it altogether at least to delay it as long as possible. That is, of course, the beat way.”The manager nodded. He knew plenty about all that.

　　“But I am so sorry for you, because, you see, that is not possible this time.”The manager had his doubts, but all he said was M Inquiring,“Oh?”

　　“The other way,”continued Johnson,“is to produce yourself before the trouble starts.”

(1)The manager thought of adding chemicals to the fish oil to make it ________.

[　　]

A．cheaper than the new oil

B．more quickly

C．more expensive

D．as good as the new oil

(2)Johnson's new oil would be________.

[　　]

A．more expensive than fish oil, but better

B．less expensive, and better

C．less expensive, hut not good

D．more expensive, and not so good

(3)Johnson expressed his regret that the manager ________.

[　　]

A．could not stop the new oil being made

B．would never know how to make it

C．had spent a lot of money on it

D．didn't know enough about it

(4)Johnson showed his new oil to the manager because he wanted ________.

[　　]

A．to produce it himself

B．to prevent it being produced

C．to be paid not to produce it

D．the manager to produce it

阅读理解

　　A man led his two children and wife to safety as a fire swept part of their home. The first fire happened early yesterday as Jim Eastwood and his wife lay asleep in their home at Price Read. Mrs. Eastwood, who was first to wake, got up and felt heat coming from downstairs. As soon as Mr. Eastwood jumped off the bed, he rushed downstairs to try to put out the blaze (n.火焰;烈火;火灾)but the smoke and heat were too intense (adj.强烈的,剧烈的).

　　Mrs. Eastwood got her children from their bedrooms and they hung out of a window gasping (vi.喘 ,喘气)for fresh air.

　　Mr. Eastwood, who dialed 999 while downstairs, then decided to climb out of his bedroom window to lead his wife and children to safety. He got out of the window first and climbed onto a ledge above the downstairs living room. He then lifted and helped the children and his wife out. At that time, their next door neigh boor were awake and opened the window of the bedrooms to let them in.

(1)The big fire probably broke out ________.

[　　]

(2)When the fire started ________ .

[　　]

A．the family had been out of danger

B．the parents were sleeping in their bedroom

C．Mr. Eastwood was already downstairs

D．the children were above the living room

(3)Who noticed the fire first? ________.

[　　]

A．Mr. Eastwood.

B．The children.

C．Mrs. Eastwood.

D．Their next door neigh boor.

(4)During the course of the accident, Mrs. Eastwood had never been to ________.

[　　]

A．her own bedroom

B．the children's bedrooms

C．their neighbor's bedroom

D．their own living room

(5)When the fire was over ________.

[　　]

A．there was not any great loss to the Eastwoods

B．none of the family was hurt, but their house was somewhat destroyed

C．Mr. Eastwood was badly wounded in both the head and the limbs

D．Mrs. Eastwood was still worrying about their children

阅读理解

　　People faint(昏厥)when the normal blood supply to the brain is suddenly cut down. This can happen if they are surprised or shocked by sudden news or by something they see. Some people faint if they see others hurt. Some people faint in crowds. Others faint if they are in a room that is hot and stuffy (窒息的).

　　If a person faints while standing, lay him down. If his face is pale, lift his feet. If he is sitting down when he faints, place his head between his knees Loosen (解开) any tight clothing that might keep him from breathing easily. If possible, place a cold, wet cloth on his forehead (前额).

(1)The passage tells us that people may faint if they are________.

[　　]

(2)If you feel faint, you' d better ________.

[　　]

(3)If you feel faint when sitting, put your head ________.

[　　]

(4)Raise a fainting person' s feet if his face ________.

[　　]

(5)We try to help a person who has fainted by ________.

[　　]

A．tightening(系紧)his clothing

B．pressing a hot handkerchief on his forehead

C．returning blood to his brain

D．leaving him alone

阅读理解

　　If you see someone drowning, speed is very important. Once you get him out of the water, if he isn't breathing, you have four minutes before his brain is completely destroyed. Support his neck, tilt (使翘起)his head back and press his chin(下巴)upwards. This stops the tongue blocking the air- way in the throat and is sometimes enough to get him breathing again. If that doesn't work, start mouth-to-mouth breathing. Press his nostrils (鼻孔)together with your fingers. Open your mouth and take a deep breath. Blow into his lungs until his chest rises, then remove your mouth and watch his chest fall. Repeat twelve times a minute. Keep doing until help arrives.

　　To bring a child back to life, keep your lips around his mouth and nose and gently blow into his mouth. Give the first four breaths as quickly as possible to fill the blood with oxygen. If, in spite of your efforts, he starts turning a blue gray colour, and you can feel no pulse (脉搏),then pressing is the last chance of saving his life.

　　With arms straight, rock forwards, pressing down on the lower half of the breast-bone. Don' t be too hard or you may break a rib (肋骨). Check how effective you are seeing if his

colour improves or his pulse becomes independent to your chest pressing. If this happens, stop the pressing. Otherwise continue until rescue arrives.

(1)This passage is mainly about________.

[　　]

A．how to save people out of the water

B．how to give first aid to people who are drowning

C．how to do mouth-to-mouth breathing

D．how to save a child from a river

(2)Once you get a drowning man out of the water, if he isn't breathing, you must first ________.

[　　]

A．get him breathing again

B．take him to the nearest hospital as soon as possible

C．find someone to help you

D．call the First Aid Centre

(3)In the last paragraph, the word“rescue”means ________.

[　　]

(4)If the drowning boy has no pulse,

[　　]

A．pressing his chin upwards is enough to get him breathing

B．blowing air into his mouth is sure to save his life

C．pressing his nostrils together with your fingers can work

D．pressing is the last chance of saving his life

(5)Which of the following statements is true? ________.

[　　]

A．If a man does not breathe for four minutes, his brain will be completely destroyed.

B．If you see someone drowning, you must give him mouth-to-mouth breathing.

C．Don' t stop pressing his chest, if the drowning man starts breathing again.

D．When pressing, you can do it as hard as you can.

阅读理解

　　People and the sources of air pollution are found in the same places. This means that cities with large populations have the biggest problem of dirty air. Air pollution is caused by many different things. A major source of air pollution is the gas fumes (烟) from cars. Statistics (统计数字) show that 93 percent of all auto trips are within cities. Another major source of dirty air is the burning of coal and oil for energy. This energy is needed to make electricity. Of course, much more electricity is used in the city than in the country.

　　On the average, we throw away more trash and garbage than the year before. The burning of garbage contributes to air pollution. Many major industries are also responsible for the dirty air in the around cities. The fumes from iron, steel, chemical, and petroleum production add particles to the air.

　　The effects of air pollution range from mild headaches to death. The levels of pollution found in heavy traffic may cause headaches or loss of clear vision. Wherever coal and oil are used for fur, fumes may kill trees and plants and cause metal to corrode. In some of the larger cities, these fumes endanger the lives of human beings by contributing to lung diseases and causing early death.

(1)The key point of the passage is that ________.

[　　]

A．the cause of air pollution is people

B．the causes and the effects of air pollution are found in cities

C．the effects of air pollution range from headache to death

D．air pollution is caused by dirty air

(2)What is the purpose of this passage?________

[　　]

A．To persuade people to stop polluting the air.

B．To tall the causes of air pollution.

C．To tell why cities are bad places to live.

D．To describe how people living in cities fed about polluted air.

(3)Why is air pollution more serious in the city than in the country?________

[　　]

A．Because there are larger populations in cities.

B．Because the air in the city is dirty.

C．Because there are more cars in the city.

D．Because there are much more gas fumes from cars and burning of coal and oil for energy in the city than in the country.

(4)In large cities, the fumes from coal and oil may contribute to ________.

[　　]

阅读理解

　　After they had been on the road for about two hours, the old head and his party stopped before what seemed in the distance to be a broad stream of water. The boy slaves saw a sight which filled them with surprise and alarm (惊慌). It was a stream of living things moving over the plain, the famed locusts (蝗虫)of Africa.

　　The old head dismounted (下马)and with his sword he broke the straight line formed by the border of the moving mass, sweeping them off to one side.

　　The space was instantly filled up again by those advancing behind. The head mounted and began moving through the living stream.

　　One of the blackmen, determined to make the crossing as brief as possible, started in a rapid run, but when about half-way through , his foot slipped, and he fell down full length among the creepers(爬虫). Before he could stand up again, hundreds of the insects had mounted upon him and al- most killed him, but luckily he was saved by his fellows.

(1)The stream seen moving over the plain was ________.

［　　］

(2)Locusts are insects, so are ________.

[　　]

(3)The passage implies that ________.

[　　]

A．the head and the slaves had equal rights

B．the party had traveled for a long time

C．the head was riding, but slaves were walking

D．all the slaves were riding on the horses

(4)The bead could do nothing about the stream because ________.

［　　］

A．he was afraid of the locusts

B．he had no weapons

C．the locusts were too big

D．the stream couldn't be stopped

阅读理解

　　Washingtons D. C. is not just the capital of the United States, it is also one of the most beautiful cities in the world. It was designed by a French engineer to resemble Paris with its wide streets, beautiful squares, and sweeping views. The site was chosen by George Washington because it was near his Mount Vernon home. But John Adams was the first president to actually move in, in 1800.

　　The 555 feet Washington Monument and the gleaming(闪闪发光)Capital Building are the most famous Washing- ton landmarks. According to law, no building in the city can be taller than these two. The Lincoln Memorial and the White House are two of Washington' s other greater buildings.

(1)The best tide for the passage may be ________.

［　　］

A．A Famous City

B．An Important City

C．The History of Washington, D.C.

D．Washington, D. C. and Its Great Buildings

(2)The word“resemble”in the passage means ________.

［　　］

A．replace B．look like

C．stand for D．run after

(3)The city is named Washington because ________.

［　　］

A．it' s near George Washington' s home

B．it' s chosen by George Washington

C．the Americans want to show their respect to George Washington

D．all of the above

(4) It can be concluded that ________.

［　　］

A．the White House is the only one white building in Washington, D. C.

B．Washington D. C. has beautiful squares but it's a small city

C．none of the buildings is above 555 feet high in Washington, D. C.

D．all the American presidents have worked in the White House

阅读理解

　　With the development of material prosperity (繁荣), advertisements have become more important in our daily life.

　　Advertisements give the newest information about products. If there were no advertising, consumers could not know about goods in their nearby shops. An advertisement helps sell to a bigger market. Therefore, as more goods are sold, they are cheaper. Advertisements also provide money for newspapers , magazines , radio and TV stations , etc.

　　But there are also some opinions against advertising. Some people think that advertisements do not give much in- formation but only try to persuade to buy. They cause a demand for goods that are not really needed. Besides, advertising adds to the price of goods.

　　 Actually, every coin has two sides. Advertising is no exception. But in today' s world, advertising is not only necessary but also helpful.

(1)Advertisements have become more and more important because ________.

［　　］

A．consumers wouldn't buy any goods in their daily life

without them

B．the more goods the shops sell , the cheaper they will be

C．they have a lot of advantages

D．newspapers , magazines , radio and TV stations get money by advertising

(2)Some people oppose advertising because it ________.

［　　］

A．adds to the price of goods

B．helps sell more goods

C．leads to a demand for necessary goods

D．give too much information

(3)What is the writer's attitude to advertising?

［　　］

A．He is against it.

B．He is for it.

C．He thinks it unnecessary.

D．The writer's attitude is not easy to see.

(4)“Advertising is no exception”means advertising ________

［　　］

A．has two sides--the good and the bad

B．has the right side and the dark side

C．has the right side and the wrong side

D．is just like a coin with the exception of their uses