阅读理解

　　MADRIDWhat is it that makes people happy? Youth , health , a good job , good looks , a flashy car? None of these things, Spanish experts say.

　　The concept of happiness is coming under increasingly close examination in Spain.

　　As the nation rises to the club of the world's wealthiest countries , people are discovering that material things do not bring happiness.

　　“Most people use money as a measure of human value ,” says Jesus Ynfante , author of a book on Spain's 300 biggest fortunes.

　　“Expensive products are regarded as the best. The rich are admired simply for being rich,” Ynfante said.

　　Yet psychologists warn that happiness cannot be bought. They advise people to look for it in human relations and in the small pleasures of everyday life.

　　Many people regard happiness as a moment of ecstatic pleasure （狂喜）something that, by definition , cannot lastwhile others speak of it as peace and acceptance of oneself. Polls （问卷调查） in different countries indicate that between 65 and 85 per cent of the world's population regard themselves as reasonably happy.

　　Around 40 per cent of a person's happiness is though to be determined by genetics , while the rest depends on childhood environment and the process of growing up.

　　Perhaps the most surprising thing about happiness is that it has little to do with age , health , wealth, or other values though to be important in Western society.

　　For most Spaniards , happiness is linked with feeling close to other people.

　　Happy people accept their limitations and set themselves reachable goals , experts say.

　　There are lifestyle choices which favour happiness , such as exercise , eating carbohydrates and exposing oneself to sunlight.

　　But the main secret of happiness is to take pleasure in small things.

　　“If you are given a choice between eternal （永久的） happiness and a cheese sandwich , take the sandwich ,” advises musician Julian Hernandez.

1．Spain , as this passage tells us , ________.

[　　]

A．has built more clubs than the other countries

B．has owned the largest group of experts

C．has become one of the richest countries in the world

D．has produced the most wealth in the world

2．It can be concluded that Jesus Ynfante is ________.

[　　]

A．a famous expert

B．a famous psychologist

C．one of the richest Spaniards

D．familiar with the richest Spaniards

3．As psychologists warn in this passage , people can't feel happy even if they ________.

[　　]

A．have too much money

B．only care about themselves

C．don't do any homework

D．have a few relations

4．Happy people, as we can find in this passage, ________.

[　　]

A．are always full of feelings

B．are always born in rich families

C．always enjoy every achievement they get

D．always look down upon themselves

5．What Julian Hernandez advises at the end of this passage suggests that ________.

[　　]

A．he is not a happy musician

B．he is leading a hard life

C．he doesn't agree with the idea shown in this passage

D．he is homourous and happy

阅读理解

　　Fear and its companion pain are two of the most useful things that men and animals possess , if they are properly used. If fire did not hurt when it burned, children would play with it until their hands were burned away. Similarly, if pain existed but fear did not, a child would burn itself again and again , because fear would not warn it to keep away from the fire that had burnt it before. A really fearless soldierand some do exitis not a good soldier because he is soon killed, and a dead soldier is of no use to his army. Fear and pain are therefore two guards without which men and animals might soon die out.

　　In our first sentence we suggested that fear ought to be properly used. If, for example, you never go out of your house because of the danger of being knocked down and killed in the street by a car, you are letting fear rule you too much.

　　The important thing is not to let fear rule you, but instead, to use fear as your servant and guide. Fear will warn you of dangers ; then you have to decide what action to take.

　　In many cases, you can take quick and successful action to avoid the danger. For example, you see a car coming straight towards you; fear warns you, you jump out of the way, and all is going well.

　　In some cases, however, you decide that there is nothing that you can do to avoid the danger.

　　For example , you cannot prevent an aeroplane crashing into your house , and you may not want to go and live in a desert where there are no aeroplane. In this case, fear has given you its warning ; you have examined it and decided on your course of action , so fear of the particular danger is no longer of any use to you , and you have to try to overcome it.

1．Children would play with fire until their hands were burnt away if ________.

[　　]

A．they were not well educated at school

B．they had never burnt themselves before

C．they had no sense of pain

D．they were fearful of pain

2．According to the writer, which of the following is true?

[　　]

A．A fealess soldier is always a good soldier.

B．The example that an aeroplane may crash on your house means fear exists everywhere, you should pay much attention to it.

C．You can take quick and successful action to avoid all the dangers around you.

D．We should value fear properly so that we can live comfortably.

3．People sometimes succeed in timely avoiding danger because ________.

[　　]

A．they have gained experience

B．they jump out of the way in time

C．they are calm in face of danger

D．they are warned of the danger and take quick action

4．What is implied but not stated in the passage?

[　　]

A．Fear is always something helpful

B．Fear is something that can be avoided.

C．Fear ought to be used as our guide in our life

D．Too much fear is harmful

5．The best title for this passage is ________.

[　　]

A．No pains, no gains

B．Fear and actions

C．The value of fear

D．The reason why people fear

阅读理解

　　Can you imagine travelling to work in a one-man submarine （潜水艇）?

　　Scientists believe that some day one-man submarines will be as numerous as automobiles are today. One says, “One day soon , men will walk on the ocean floor as they do on the street.” Perhaps during your lifetime people will travel , work , and live under the sea.

　　Ships carrying oil and articles of trade will move beneath the ocean. Passenger ships will be built to travel underwater, where storms connot delay them or make people seasick. Special underwater ships will be designed for mining , fishing , and exploring unknown areas. For military use , there may be submarines that can fly and then dive underwater to approach the battle area without being seen.

　　First, however, the human problems associated with living in the ocean will need to be studied in detail. Many of these problems are the same as the problems of living in outer space ; pressure , lack of oxygen , and weightlessness. Already scientists have begun to study these problems.

　　In 1963 and 1964 scientists and Navy divers lived and worked underwater for several days in two projects which were called Sealab Ⅰ and Sealab Ⅱ. The Sealab Ⅱ experiment kept the scientists and divers 215 feet below the surface for thirty days , studying marine biology , temperature , pressure , currents , and oceanbottom geology （地质学）.

　　Many puzzling questions remain unanswered, however. Man's warm blood makes it difficult for him to live long in the sea without some kind of warmth. Can our blood be changed to fit new water surroundings? What will happen to our muscles if we live in the water very long? Will they become soft away from our usual land existence Will hones become weak and our blood pressure change? Scientists are searching for answers.

　　By studying plants and animals deep in the ocean science may find a cure for some of our most serious human diseases. We may learn to use plants to increase our world food supply. Engineers may learn to use the power of the sea by building huge walls to catch the force of the tides.

1．In the passage , the author is talking to us about the problems of ________.

[　　]

A．pressure, lack of oxygen and weightlessness in the sea

B．living, working below the ocean

C．underwater submarine

D．walking on the ocean floor

2．According to the author, in future, passenger ships might be the ones that can ________.

[　　]

A．be used for mining, fishing and exploring unknown areas

B．carry oil and articles of trade

C．travel underwater, not affected by storm

D．fly and then dive underwater

3．Whether we live in the sea or in outer space , first of all we should think of ________.

[　　]

A．health and food

B．safety and temperature

C．temperature and oxygen

D．pressure , oxygen and gravity

4．Which of the following is TRUE?

[　　]

A．Sealab I worked for more than thirty days below the surface.

B．Sealab Ⅱ worked for thirty days under the sea for exploring unknown areas.

C．Sealab Ⅱ kept the scientists aver 200 feet below the surface, studying temperature, pressure and so on.

D．Sealab Ⅰ and Sealab Ⅱ kept the scientists 215 feet below the surface for thirty days.

5．To become used to living in the sea, we should try to ________.

[　　]

A．increase the amount of our blood

B．keep our blood warm

C．soften our muscles

D．warm our bones

阅读理解

　　Most young people enjoy some forms of physical activities. It may be walking, cycling or swimming, or in winter, skating or skiing. It may be a game of some kind, football, hockey （曲棍球）, golf, or tennis, it may be mountaineering.

　　Those who have a passion （热情，激情） for climbing high and difficult mountains are often looked upon with astonishment （惊讶，惊异） . Why are men and women willing to suffer cold and hardship, and to take risks on high mountains? This astonishment is caused probably by the difference between mountaineering and other forms of activity to which men give their leisure.

　　Mountaineering is a sport and not a game. There are no man-made rules, as there are for such games as golf and football. There are, of course, rules of a different kind, which would be dangerous to ignore, but it is this freedom from man-made rules that makes mountaineering attractive to many people. Those who climb mountains are free to use their own methods.

　　If we compare mountaineering with other more familiar sports , we might think that one big difference is that mountaineering is not a “game”. We would be mistaken in this assumption. There are, it is true, no “matches” between “teams” of climbers, but when climbers are on a rock face linked by a rope on which their lives may depend. There is obviously teamwork.

　　The mountain climber knows that he may have to fight forces that are stronger and more powerful than man. He has to fight the forces of nature. His sport requires high mental and physical capacities.

　　A mountain climber continues to improve in skill year after year. A skier is probably past his prime by the age of thirty , and most international tennis champions are in their early twenties. But it is not unusual for a man of fifty or sixty to climb the highest mountains in the Alps. They may take more time than younger men, but they probably climb with more skill and less wasted effort, and they certainly experience equal enjoyment.

1．Mountaineering is a sport which involves ________.

[　　]

2．The main difference between a sport and a game lies in origin of the ________.

[　　]

3．Mountaineering is also a team sport because ________.

[　　]

A．it involves rules

B．it involves matches between teams

C．it requires mental and physical qualities

D．mountaineers depend on each other while climbing

4．Which of the following is TRUE?

[　　]

A．Mountaineers compete against each other.

B．Mountaineers compete against other teams.

C．Mountaineers compete against nature.

D．Mountaineers compete against international standard.

5．What is the best title for the text?

[　　]

A．Mountaineering

B．Mountain Climbers

C．Mountaineering Is Different From Golf And Football

D．Mountaineering Is More Dangerous Than Other Sports

阅读理解

　　Where did you see a polar bear? At a zoo, perhaps If you had attended a winter activity in New York a few years ago, you would have seen a whole polar bear club. These “Polar Bears” are people who meet frequently in the winter to swim in freezing cold water. That day, the air temperature was 3℃, and the water temperature was a bit higher. The members of the Polar Bear Club at Coney Island , New York are usually about the age of 60. Members must satisfy two requirements. First, they must get along well with everyone else in the group; this is very important because there are so many different kinds of people in the club. Polar Bears must also agree to swim outdoors at least twice a month from November through February.

　　Doctors do not agree about the medical effects of cold-water swimming. Some are worried about the dangers of a condition in which the body's temperature drops so low that finally the heart best stops. Other doctors, however, point out that there is more danger of a heart attack during summer swimming because the difference between the air temperature and water temperature is much greater in summer than in winter.

　　The Polar Bears themselves are satisfied with the benefits of cold-water swimming. They say that their favourite form of exercise is very good for the circulatory system （循环系统） because it forces the blood to move fast to keep the body warm. Cold-water swimmers usually turn bright red after a few minutes in the water. A person who turns blue probably has a very poor circulatory system and should not try cold-water swimming.

　　The main benefits of cold-water swimming are probably mental. The Polar Bears love to swim all the year round; they find it fun and relaxing. As one 70-year-old woman says, “When I go into the water, I pour my troubles into the ocean and let them float away.”

1．Which of the following is NOT necessary for members of the Polar Bear Club? ________.

[　　]

A．They should be easy to make friends with

B．They must swim outdoors at least 8 times in the four cold months

C．They must agree to swim outdoors from November through February

D．They must have reached the age of 60

2．Doctors ________.

[　　]

A．encourage people to take part in cold-water swimming actively

B．point out the possible danger of blood illness during cold-water swimming

C．believe swimming is helpful both in winter and in summer

D．have different ideas about the medical effects of cold-water swimming.

3．According to the passage, some doctors believe it is true that ________.

[　　]

A．you are healthy if cold-water swimming turns your skin color blue

B．there is more danger of a heart attack during summer swimming

C．cold-water swimming can make the body temperature dangerously high

D．Polar Bears are bears swimming in freezing water

4．The Polar Bears like to swim all the year round because ________.

[　　]

A．they can remain young

B．it is an easy way to keep the body warm in winter

C．they find it enjoyable and interesting

D．they might meet fewer troubles in life

5．The passage is mainly about ________.

[　　]

A．a group of cold-water swimming lovers

B．the Polar Bears' life in New York

C．doctors' ideas about cold-water swimming

D．the requirements of the Polar Bear Club

阅读理解

　　Chinese are very generous （慷慨的） when it comes to educating their children. Not caring about the money, parents often send their children to the best schools or even abroad to England, the United States or Australia. They also want their children to take extra-course activities where they will either learn a musical instrument or ballet, or other classes which will give them a head start in life. The Chinese believe that the more expensive an education is, the better it is. So parents will spend an unreasonable amount of money on education. Even poor couples will buy a computer for their son or daughter.

　　However , what most parents fail to see is that the best early education they can give their children is usually very cheap.

　　Parents can see that their children's skills vary , skilled in some areas while poor in others. What most parents fail to realize though, is that today's children lack self-respect and self-confidence（自信）.

　　The problem is that parents are only educating their children on how to take multiple-choice tests and how to study well, but parents are not teaching them the most important skills they need to be confident, happy and clever.

　　Parents can achieve this by teaching practical skills like cooking, sewing and doing other housework.

　　Teaching a child to cook will improve many of the skills that he will need later in life. Cooking demands patience and time. It is an enjoyable but difficult experience. A good cook always tries to improve his cooking, so he will learn to work hard and gradually finish his job successfully. His result, a well-cooked dinner, will give him much satisfaction and lots of self-confidence.

　　Some old machines, such as a broken radio or TV set that you give your child to play with will make him curious （好奇的） and arouse （激起） his interest. He will spend hours looking at them, trying to fix them; your child might become an engineer when he grows up. These activities are not merely teaching a child to read a book, but rather to think, to use his mind. And that is the more important.

1．Generally speaking, children's skills ________.

[　　]

A．come from their parents

B．have nothing to do with their education

C．may be different

D．have something to do with their marks in the exams

2．The writer of this passage does not seem to be satisfied with ________.

[　　]

A．the parents' ideas of educating their children

B．the education system

C．children's skills

D．children's hobbies

3．Doing some cooking at home helps children ________.

[　　]

A．learn how to serve their parents

B．learn how to become strong and fat

C．benefit （获益） from it and prepare themselves for the future

D．make their parents believe that they are clever

4．According to the last paragraph we can conclude that ________.

[　　]

A．broken radios and television sets are useful

B．one's curiosity may be useful for his later life

C．an engineer must fix many broken radios

D．a good student should spend much time repairing radios

阅读理解

　　WASHINGTONConsidering the serious warnings lately about Internet viruses, users may be tempted to unplug their machines just to keep them safe. In reality , common sense and a few basic tips can keep Internet surfers secure.

　　Antivirus software is a must, and it should be updated （更新） at least once a week to recognize newly released （释放的） viruses.

　　People with broadband Internet connections should also have a firewall. These protect the computer from attacks by hackers.

　　Then it is time to think about computer habits. Unlike old viruses, which spread only through shared diskettes , the Internet brings viruses straight to the e-mailbox. If an e-mail with attachment comes from an unknown sender, or unexpectedly from a known sender, it should not be opened.

　　On receipt of an unexpected attachment from a friend, experts suggest a telephone call to make sure of the mail's source before opening.

1．Why should antivirus software be updated at least once a week? Because ________.

[　　]

A．the newly published antivirus software is more expensive

B．the previous antivirus software cannot work any longer

C．the inventors of viruses have suggested this idea

D．computer viruses are always developing

2．The underlined word “firewall” in paragraph three is probably ________.

[　　]

A．a kind of wall to keep others away

B．a kind of wall to flight against a fire

C．software for the safety of computer

D．a kind of virus made by hackers

3．Computer viruses cannot spread through ________.

[　　]

A．shared diskettes

B．shared files

C．e-mails

D．telephone lines

4．Which of the following is suggested by computer experts?

[　　]

A．Do not rush to open any e-mail attachment.

B．Never open any e-mail attachment.

C．It is always safe to open an e-mail attachment from a friend.

D．Whenever you receive an e-mail, you should make a call to ensure its source.

阅读理解

　　If Catlin was the painter of the American Indians and Bierstadt the portrayer （painter） of the Rocky Mountains, the artist of the Western cowboys and settlers was Remington. Born in New York , the son of a wealthy publisher, Remington was a boxer and a football player at Yale Universitythe last man would expect to become the artist of the Old West. But as a boy he loved horses and fed on the journals of some famous writers.

　　At the age of nineteen, he left college to look for adventures. He traveled from Montana to Texas as a prospector （勘探者） . Remington had always been interested in journalism. Now he began to write about and to paint and draw what he saw. The subject of the “Winning of the West” attracted the East. Magazines and newspapers were filled with account of prospectors' adventures, and of battles with cattle thieves and other outlawsall the tales that were then news and have since become legends. There were also stories by many other writers. Often these were presented by drawings and paintings from Remington's hand, but it was as a successful journalist that Remington was a great artist.

1．In his pictures Remington often painted ________.

[　　]

A．the prospectors' stories

B．mountains and rivers

C．horse races

D．American Indians

2．From the text, we can learn that Remington based his art on the ________.

[　　]

A．stories he had read in the newspaper

B．things he had seen and experienced

C．ideas he had learned at Yale University

D．paintings he had copied from early settlers

3．During his youth , Remington ________.

[　　]

A．showed his gift as an artist

B．was influenced by his father

C．enjoyed sports and reading

D．learned journalism at Yale University

4．The paragraphs before this passage most probably discussed ________.

[　　]

A．cowboys in American art history

B．works of Catlin and Bierstadt

C．the problem of “Winning the West”

D．magazines about the west

阅读理解

　　When someone says “Well, I guess I'll have to go to face the music” , it does not mean he is planning to go to a concert. It is something far less pleasant, like being called in by your boss to explain why you did this or that, and why you did not do this or that. Sour music, indeed, but it has to be faced.

　　The phrase “to face the music” is familiar to every American, young and old. It is at least 100 years old. Where did the expression come from?

　　The first information comes from the American writer James Fennimore Cooper. He saidin 1851that the expression was first used by actors while waiting in the wings to go on stage. After they got their cue to go on, they often said, “It's time to go to face the music.” And that is exactly that they didface the orchestra （管弦乐队） which was just below the stage.

　　An actor might be frightened or nervous as he moved on to the stage in front of the audience that might be friendly or perhaps unfriendly, especially if he forgot his lines. But he had to go out.

　　So, “to face the music” came to mean having to go through something, no matter how unpleasant the experience might be , because you knew you had no choice.

　　The other explanation comes from the army. Men had to face inspection （视察） by their leader. The soldiers worried about how well they looked. Was their equipment cleanshiny enough to pass inspection? Still, the men had to go out, and face the music of the band, as well as the inspection. What else could they do?

1．According to the passage , the word “music” means ________.

[　　]

A．your boss's criticism （批评）

B．your leader's inspection

C．something unpleasant to be experienced

D．sour pop music

2．An actor might feel frightened or nervous when going on stage. One of the reasons is that ________.

[　　]

A．his performance might not satisfy most of the audience

B．he might not remember what he should say on stage

C．he had to face the unfriendly audience

D．most of the audience might be his friends

3．“To face the music” is also used to mean that soldiers were not willing ________.

[　　]

A．to be examined about their equipment

B．to be found weak

C．to show themselves up in public

D．to be inspected by their leader

4．The passage is mainly about ________.

[　　]

A．the meaning of the phrase “to face the music”

B．how to deal with something unpleasant

C．the origin （起源） of the phrase

D．how to go through difficulty

阅读理解

　　A white-haired old gentleman steps out of his car, bag in hand and coat over his arm. He has called from his office to say that he is on the way. His wife is preparing supper. He can see the light shining inside his own front door. He looks forward to a fire and hot milk. It is a cold night. A few seconds later he is lying on the icy ground in a pool of his own blood.

　　It doesn't happen very often , but it does happen in the capital city of the United States. It is more likely to happen in the near-deserted city center at night. What happened to him could happen to any of us.

　　Senator （参议员） Stennis , who is 71 , got out of his white Buick at 7:40 p. m. outside his home at 3609 Cumberland Street. Two youths said , “Get out! Money , please.” He followed the order. He handed over his wallet containing several cards, a gold watch and the only money he had in his pocketstwenty-seven cents. The youths also said, “Now, we're going to shoot you any way.” Anyway they did. One bullet （子弹） hit him in the leg and struck the bone. The other entered his chest just below the upper pocket of his suit. It narrowly missed his heart.

　　Strangely he made it across a ten-meter distance , up eight steps and along twenty more feet of stone path. His wife met him at the door, and saw two men running. The Senator told her to call the police and the doctor.

　　The senator is a powerful political figure, but it is unlikely that the two young men knew who he was. More likely the reason for the killing was that he had only no more than a quarter of dollarnot enough for two cups of coffee.

1．According to the passage , ________.

[　　]

A．such a mugging （抢劫） might have happened to anyone

B．the mugging happened on a cold evening in a senator's home

C．the senator was killed because he was an important politician

D．the mugging might not have happened if the senator was young and strong

2．Having robbed the senator, the two young men ________.

[　　]

A．pulled him into a pool

B．shot two bullets into his body

C．hit out at him hard

D．carried him away

3．The two young men were angry by the fact that ________.

[　　]

A．the senator tried to cheat them

B．they failed to get the senator's expensive car

C．the senator didn't die in their hands

D．they didn't get what they had expected

4．Which of the following statements is Not true?

[　　]

A．A near-deserted city center at night is a dangerous place.

B．People should always carry some money with them.

C．Though seriously wounded, the senator managed to get home on his own.

D．The senator's wife met the two men and recognized them immediately.