It is all very well to blame traffic jams, the cost of petrol and the quick pace of modem life, but manners on the roads are becoming horrible. Everybody knows that the nicest men become monsters behind the wheel. It is all very well, again, to have a tiger in the tank, but to have one in the driver's seat is another matter altogether. You might tolerate the odd roadhog, the rude and inconsiderate driver, but nowadays the well-mannered motorist is the exception to the role. Perhaps the situation calls for a Be Kind to Other Drivers' campaign; otherwise it may get complete out of hand.

Road politeness is not only good manners, but good sense too. It takes the most cool-beaded and good-tempered of drivers to resist the temptation to revenge (报复) when subjected to uncivilized behavior. On the other hand, a little politeness goes a long way towards relieving the tensions of motoring. A friendly nod or a wave of acknowledgement (答谢) in response to an act of politeness helps to create an atmosphere of good-will and tolerance so necessary in modem traffic conditions. But such acknowledgements of politeness are all too rare today. Many drivers nowadays don't even seem able to recognize politeness when they see it.

However, misplaced politeness can also be dangerous. Typical examples are teen driver who brakes violently to allow a car to emerge from a side street at some hazard to following traffic, when a few seconds later the road would be clear anyway; or the man who waves a child across a zebra crossing into the path of oncoming vehicles that may be unable to stop in time. The same goes for encouraging old ladies to cross the road wherever and whenever they care to. It always amazes me that die highways are not covered with the dead bodies of these grannies.

A veteran driver, whose manners are faultless, told me it would help if motorists learn to falter correctly into traffic streams one at a time without causing the total blockages that give rise to bad temper. Unfortunately, modem motorists can't even learn to drive, let alone master the subtler aspects of roadsmanship. Years ago the experts warned us that the carownersbip explosion would demand a lot more give-and-take from all road users. It is high time for all of us to take this message to heart.

　　 1. The sentence “You might tolerate the odd roadhog, the rude...” (Line 6, Para. 1) implies that

　　　　  A. our society is unjust towards well-mannered motorists

　　　　  B. rude drivers can be met only occasionally

　　　　  C. the well-mannered motorist cannot tolerate the roadhog

　　　　  D. nowadays impolite drivers constitute the majority of motorists

　　 2. By “good sense”, the writer means——.

　　　　   A. the driver's ability to understand anti-react reasonably

　　　　   B. the driver's prompt response to difficult and severe conditions

　　　　   C. the driver's tolerance of rude or even savage behavior

　　　　   D. the driver's acknowledgement of politeness and regulations

　　 3. Experts have long pointed out that in the face of car-ownership explosion,

　　　　   A. road users should make sacrifice

　　　　   B. drivers should be ready to yield to each other

　　　　   C. drivers should have more communication among themselves

　　　　   D. drivers will suffer great loss if they pay no respect to others

　　 4. In the writer's opinion

　　　　   A. strict traffic regulations are badly needed

　　　　   B. drivers should apply read politeness properly

　　　　   C. rude drivers should be punished

　　　　   D. drivers should avoid traffic jams

If women are mercilessly exploited (剥削) year after year, they have only themselves to blame. Because they tremble at the thought of being seen in public in clothes that are out of fashion, they are always taken advantage of by the designers and the big stores. Clothes which have been worn only a few times have to be put aside because of the change of fashion. When you come to think of it, only a woman is capable of standing in front of a wardrobe (衣柜) packed full of clothes and announcing sadly that she has nothing to wear.

Changing fashions are nothing more than the intentional creation of waste. Many women spend vast sums of money each year to replace clothes that have hardly been worn. Women who cannot afford to throw away clothing in this way, waste hours of their time altering the dresses they have. Skirts are lengthened or shortened; neck-lines are lowered or raised, and so on.

No one can claim that the fashion industry contributes anything really important to society. Fashion designers are rarely concerned with vital things like warmth, comfort and durability (耐用). They are only interested in outward appearance and they take advantage of the fact that women will put up with any amount of discomfort, as long as they look right. There can hardly be a man who hasn't at some time in his life smiled at the sight of a woman shaking in a thin dress on a winter day, or delicately picking her way through deep snow in high-heeled shoes.

When comparing men and women in the matter of fashion, the conclusions to be drawn are obvious. Do the constantly changing fashions of women's clothes, one wonders, reflect basic qualities of inconstancy and instability? Men are too clever to let themselves be cheated by fashion designers. Do their unchanging styles of dress reflect basic qualities of stability and reliability? That is for you to decide.

　　 1. Designers and big stores always make money——.

　　　　 A. by mercilessly exploiting women workers in the clothing industry

　　　　 B. because they are capable of predicting new fashions

　　　　 C. by constantly changing the fashions in women's clothing

　　　　 D. because they attach great importance to quality in women's clothing

　　 2. To the writer the fact that women alter their old-fashioned dresses is seen as——.

　　　　 A. a waste of moue　　　　　　　　　　   B. a waste of time

　　　　 C. an expression of taste　　　　　　　　   D. an expression of creativity

　　 3. According to the passage, which of the following statements is true?

　　　　 A. New fashions in clothing are created for the commercial exploitation of women.

　　　　 B. The constant changes in women's clothing reflect their strength of character.

　　　　 C. The fashion industry makes an important contribution to society.

　　　　 D.  Fashion designs should not be encouraged since they are only welcomed by women.

　　 4. By saying “the conclusions to be drawn are obvious” the writer means that——.

　　　　 A. women's inconstancy in their choice of clothing is often laughed at

　　　　 B. women are better able to put up with discomfort

　　　　 C. men are also exploited greatly by fashion designers

　　　　 D. men are more reasonable in the matter of fashion

Not everyone in the world requires the same amount of living space. The amount of space a person needs around him is a cultural difference, not an economic one. Knowing your own psychological (心理的) space needs is important because they strongly affect your choices, including, for example, the number of bedrooms in the home. If you were brought up in a two-child family and both you and your sister or brother had your own bedrooms, the chances are, if you have two children or more, that you also will offer separate bedrooms for them. In America, for example, they train people to want to have their own rooms by giving them their own rooms when they are babies. This is very rare in the world. In many other countries, the baby sleeps in the same bed with his parents or in bed near them.

The space in the home also shows a lot about psychological space needs. Some families gather closer to each other, and the size of their house has nothing to do with it. Others have separate little corners where family members go to be alone.

Although it is true that psychological space needs are not decided by economic reasons, they sometimes have to be changed a little because of economic pressures. It is almost impossible, however, to completely change your psychological space needs.

　　  1. The first sentence in paragraph 1 “Not everyone in the world requires the same amount of space” means——.

　　　　  A. no two people need exactly the same amount of living space

　　　　  B. living space requirements are not always the same

  　　　　C. the world requires the same amount of living space

　　　　  D. nobody needs a required amount of living space

　　  2. Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?

　　　　  A. Americans are trained to live in large rooms at birth.

　　　　  B. Economic situation decides one's amount of space needs.

　　　　  C. People in various countries demand different psychological space.

　　　　  D. Knowing your psychological space needs is important, as it affects your future.

　　  3. According to the writer of the passage, psychological space needs——.

　　　　  A. are not affected by income at all

　　　　  B. can hardly be changed altogether

　　　　  C. can be changed if you make up your mind to do so

　　　　  D. have nothing to do with cultural background

　　  4. The boat title for this passage is——.

　　　　  A. American Way of Living

　　　　  B. Psychological Space

　　　　  C. Space Needs in Different Countries

   D. Psychological Space and Economic Pressure

There is no doubt that adults, and even highly educated adults, vary greatly in the speed and efficiency of their reading. Some proceed (开展) very slowly throughout; others dash along (滔滔不绝) too quickly and then have to regress. Poor readers in particular may lack the ability to vary their manner of reading according to the type of reading matter and to their intentions in reading it. A good reader can move at great speed through the text of a novel or similar light reading matter. He may be able to skim a page, picking up a word or two here and there, and gain a general idea of what the text is about without really reading it. In reading more difficult material, with the intention of taking in the whole of it, he will proceed more slowly, but even then he will vary his pace, concentrating on the key words and passages, perhaps rereading them several times and pass more quickly over the remainder. A less efficient reader tends to maintain the same speed whatever the material he reads. Consequently even light reading matter gives him little pleasure because he reads so slowly. But this pace may be too fast for really difficult material which requires special concentration at difficult points.

A type of reading which necessitates (成为必要) careful attention to detail is proofreading (校正), in which the reader, in order to detect misprints in a sample print, has to notice not so much the meaning of what he reads as the exact shape and order of letters and words in the text. This is extremely difficult for most people, since they are accustomed (习惯的) to overlook such details. In fact, considerable practice is required to practice this task efficiently and it can be done only by reading very slowly, and by paying comparatively little attention to the general meaning of the text.

　　 1. The author claims that there is a difference in reading speed——.

　　　　   A. between the poorly educated and the highly educated

    B. among all readers

　　　　   C. among different poorly educated adults only

　　　　   D. among different highly educated adults only

　　 2. A good reader is a reader who——.

　　　　   A. concentrates on the key words only

　　　　   B. changes his speed according to the kind of text

　　　　   C. always reads slowly but carefully

　　　　   D. changes his speed according to his liking for the book

　　 3. The last two sentences of the first paragraph mean that——.

　　　　   A. a reading speed too fast for difficult material is just right for a non-serious book

　　　　   B. a reading speed too slow for a non-serious book is also too slow for a difficult one

　　　　   C. a reading speed too slow for a non-serious book may be too fast for a difficult one

　　　　   D. a reading speed too slow for a difficult book is just right for a non-serious one

　　 4. Proofreading is of no use unless one is prepared to——.

　　　　   A. read very quickly　　　　  B. pay attention to the meaning of the text

　　　　   C. read very slowly　　　　   D. make changes here and there

The young policeman, Constable Rider, walked more quickly than usual, because of the cold, but he did not consciously neglect any part of his work. His torch flashed on doorways and windows as he looked for anything that was at all suspicious, and when he even thought that anything was unusual he went to try the door and window, probably unheard by the people sleeping in the room just above his head. As he turned a comer, he heard a slight rustling sound—it might be a cat, it could even be a dog, although few dogs wandered about at night. It might be a pair of lovers or it might be anything. Rider saw nothing.

A cat then? Usually if you disturbed a cat, it ran off and jumped, and you heard or noticed something else. By doing a lot of night work, you learned to notice these things, but now all riders noticed was the silence which had followed the rustling sound. So he acted cautiously. He did not flash his torch about the houses near the comer but walked on, and, a little way from the spot where he had heard the sound, stopped and bent his head, as if he was lighting a cigarette. A policeman who stopped to light a cigarette seemed the most unsuspicious policeman in the world.

There was still no sound. There were bushes in the garden of the house where Rider had first heard it and he knew that a man could hide there out of sight. But if he went back, it would ware any such man. So instead he stood and shone his torch at the window nearest him, and as if he had noticed something unusual, he walked towards it and opened the wooden gate, which made no sound at all. He reached the entrance and shone the torch on the keyhole of the front door and as he did so, the rustle came again, this time much more softly. He looked round quickly.

　　  1. What was Constable Rider doing on this very cold evening?

　　　　   A. He was looking for anything out of the ordinary.

　　    B. He was looking for something that had been lost.

　　　　   C. He was being careful not to disturb people.

　　　　   D. He was being careless in carrying on these duties.

　　  2. When he heard the rustling sound, he

　　　　   A. thought that it was probably caused by some animal

　　 B. knew that he had disturbed a cat

　　　　   C. thought that it was caused by the wind

　　　　   D. realized that he had turned a comer

　　  3. As he then heard no more sounds, Rider decided

　　　　   A. that he had been mistaken, and walked on

　　　　   B. that he might as well have a cigarette

　　　　   C. to flash his lamp on a window near the comer

　　　　  D. not to show that he had noticed anything

　　  4. Why did Constable Rider not go right back to the house on the comer?

　　　　   A. He had seen a man hiding there.

　　　　   B. He didn't want to use his torch.

　　　　   C. It would show that he had noticed something.

　　　　   D. There was still no sound from the garden.

We have saved as a final set of emotions the two most important emotions pertaining to other people: love and its opposite, hate. Love can be seen everywhere. Yet surprisingly, love has been the subject of less scientific research than other emotions, such as anger and fear. The reason for this may be twofold. First, love is a very complex emotion, difficult to describe and measure. Secondly, unlike many extreme emotions, extreme love is generally not a problem; thus less medical attention has been paid to it.

What is love? This is a complex question and requires a complex answer. Love is an enduring, strong, positive attraction and feeling for another person or thing. But it is more than this. It also involves feelings of caring, protection, excitement, and tenderness. When two people are in love, they feel drawn to one another; they greatly enjoy each other's company; and they may be sexually attracted to one another.

Sometimes it is easier to think in term of different kinds of love: “puppy” love, romantic love, brotherly love, and so forth. Though they differ in some respects, they share one important characteristic: a strong positive feeling toward another.

Our feeling toward other people are often complex. We may love someone and, at the same time, be angry with him. Or we may love someone, even though we are jealous of him. We might even love someone and, at the same time, hate him for some specific reason. Hate is a strong negative emotion toward someone, and is due to anger, jealousy, or some other factor. Like love, hate can be a very strong emotion. It can also be very dangerous. The question is often asked, “Is it bad to hate?” The best answer is probably “sometimes yes and sometimes no.” Usually hate does not help us; it makes us feel unhappy and makes us do things that may hurt others. However, sometimes it may be necessary to hate and hurt someone in order to protect loved ones.

　　  1. In the parts previous to the passage you've just read, the author has probably been discussing

　　　　   A. the two most important human emotions—love and hate

　　　　   B. some emotions that are only produced by animals

　　　　   C. some other sots of human emotions than of love and hate

　　　　   D. none of the above

　　  2. According to the passage, the emotion of love has been medically paid less attention to because——.

　　　　　　 A. it is too common to be talked about

　　　　　　 B. compared with other kinds of emotions, love is not so important

　　　　　　 C. the study of love needs great effort and advanced scientific research

　　　　　　 D. love is harmless and too complex for description

　　  3. When two people are in love, they

　　　　　　 A. will never be angry with or hate each other

　　　　 B. are strongly attracted to each other

　　　　     C. will not be jealous of each other

　　　　　　 D. tend to do all of the above

　　  4. Which of the following might best be used as the tide for the passage?

　　　　　　 A. Two Most Important Emotions towards Others

　　　　　　 B. Love More and Hate Less

　　　　　　 C. The Great Benefits of Love and the Serious Harm of Hate

　　　　　　 D. Some Advice to Those Who Are In love

Most forest fires are caused by human carelessness, negligence, or ignorance. Forest fire prevention, therefore, is mainly a problem of creating a better understanding of the importance of forests, an awareness of the danger of fire in the woods, and a sense of personal responsibility to safeguard the forests from danger. This is not an easy job. A city dweller, used to paved street, does not easily change his smoking habits when he goes into the woods.

Careless smokers are responsible for thousands of forest fires each year. Many of these are started when cigarette butts and matches are tossed from automobiles. Others are caused by hunters, hikers, fishermen, or woods workers who are careless in disposing of their smoking material. The Forest Service has posted rules in many of the National Forests that prohibit smoking except in certain designated areas. Many of the states have laws against throwing lighted materials from automobiles. The prevention of smoker-caused fires, however, depends upon changing the attitudes and behavior of millions of people who smoke in hazardous area.

The most important natural cause of fire is lightning. This accounts for 11 percent of forest fires on protected land for the entire nation. In the western states, lightning causes a much higher percentage of fire than it does in the east.

Advances in knowledge of fire weather are helping forest protection forces to know when to be alert for lightning-caused fires. Adequate and well-equipped forces can control them quickly and hold the damage to a minimum. Experiments in “seeding” thunder clouds to prevent or control the lightning itself have been in process for many years, but new breakthroughs are needed for any significant reduction in the lightning starts.

　　 1. The passage is chiefly about

　　　　 A. smoking in forests

　　　　 B. the chief cause of forest fire and their prevention

　　　　 C. changing the attitudes and behavior of millions of people

　　　　 D. advances in knowledge of fire weather

　　 2. Preventing smoker-caused forest fires is mainly a problem of——.

　　　　 A. building the proper knowledge and habits in human beings

　　　　 B. safeguarding the forest from fire

　　　　 C. posting rules in forests

　　　　 D. holding the damage to minimum　　　　　　　　   　　

　　 3. Lightning-caused fires can be controlled quickly by——.

　　　　 A. hunters and woods workers　　　　　　   B. responsible smokers

　　　　 C. adequate and well-equipped forces　　　　 D changing people's habits

　　 4. Which of the following statements is not true?

　　　　 A. The chief causes of forest fires are human carelessness, negligence, or ignorance.

　　　　 B. Lightning, the important natural cause of forest fire, can be prevented or controlled by men.

　　　　 C.  Quite a few states in America have laws against throwing lighted materials from automobiles.

　　　　 D. “Seeding” thunder clouds are a good way to prevent forest fire.

On the night of September 2, 1600, a fire broke out in a baker's shop near Fish Street Hill in London. Before the flames were finally put out, nearly the entire city had been reduced to ashes. Over thirteen thousand homes, fifty churches, and numerous public buildings and hospitals were lost in the blaze. For all practical purposes, London was destroyed.

The Great Fire was not seen as a total tragedy, however. The miserable conditions of the city had been attacked by physicians  (医师) and humanitarians (人道主义者) for years before the fire; thus, with the opportunity clearly presented to create  a shining new city, artists and craftsmen from all over England hurried to submit their designs for the rebuilding of London.

Among those who submitted plans was Sir Christopher Wren, one of England's leading architects and the Surveyor General of London. The task of rebuilding the city was given to him. Wren realized that the Great Fire would not have been so damaging if the city had been better laid out: broader streets were needed to replace the crooked, narrow lanes overhung with old wooden houses and shops. He also felt that redesigning the main streets of London would result in increased and more effective transportation within the city.

Shortly after Wren began working on his first drafts for the rebuilding, King Charles I made an announcement prohibiting the construction of any house or shop within the city limits until after the plans were completed. When the plans were revealed to the citizens of London, however, they were overwhelmingly (不可抵抗的) rejected. The most active leaders of the opposition were the landlords, who feared that such a complete widening of the streets would reduce the amount of land available for development.

Winter was approaching; consequently, it was necessary for the rebuilding to proceed at once. Permission was, therefore, granted for the town people and landlords to commence (着手) reconstruction of their houses and shops at the sites where they had been before the fire. Had the need for immediate action not been so pressing, some kind of compromise (折衷) could likely have been reached. This was not to be, however, and the ideas that could have made London one of the world's most beautiful cities never came to pass.

　　  1. Who was the head of the British government at the time of the Great Fire of London?

　　　　   A. Elizabeth the First.　　  B. General Surveyor.

　　  C. Sir Christopher Wren.　　 D. Charles the First.

　　  2. What became of the plans for the rebuilding of London?

　　　　   A. Nothing—they were never finished.

　　　　   B. They were adopted in modified form.

　　　　   C. They were followed and London was rebuilt at once.

　　　　   D. Nothing—London was rebuilt as it had been before the fire.

　　  3. Which of the following describes the author's probable attitude toward Sir Christopher Wren's plans?

　　　　   A. He feels it would have been a mistake to rebuild London according to Wren’s designs.

　　　　   B. He feels it was a mistake for London not to have been rebuilt according to Wren's designs.

　　　　   C. He feels that someone other than Wren should have been chosen to plan the rebuilding.

　　　　   D. He feels that Wren's ideas had much more influence than is commonly acknowledged.

　　  4. Which of the following would be an appropriate title for the passage?

　　　　   A. The Life and Times of Sir Christopher Wren.

　　    B. The Rebuilding of London.

　　　　   C. The Destruction of Fish Street Hill.

　　　　   D. The London That Might Have Been.

Scientists working on a problem do not know and sometimes can't even guess what the final result will be. Late on Friday, 8 November, 1895, Professor Rontgen, a German physicist, was doing an experiment in his laboratory when he noticed something extraordinary. He had covered an electric bulb with black cardboard, and when he switched on the current he saw little dancing lights on his table. Now .the bulb was completely covered; how then could any ray penetrate? On the table there were some pieces of paper which had been covered with metal salts. It was on this paper that the light was shining. Professor Rontgen took a piece of this paper and held it at a distance from the lamp. Between it and the lamp he placed a variety of objects, a book, a pack of cards, a piece of wood and a door key. The ray penetrated every one of them except the key. He called his wife into the laboratory and asked her to hold her hand between the lamp and a photographic plate. She was very surprised by this request, but she held up her hand for a quarter of an hour, and when the plate was developed there was a picture of the bones of her hand and of the ring on one finger. The mysterious ray could pass through the flesh and not through the bone or the ring.

At a scientific meeting, Professor Rontgen called this ray “the unknown”, the X-ray. Doctors quickly saw how this could be used, and soon there were X-ray machines in all the big hospitals. The most obvious use for this discovery was to enable doctors to see exactly how a bone was broken. Other uses came later. It was found that these rays could be used to destroy cancer cells, just as they destroyed the healthy cells of the doctors who first used the machines. Methods were found later which ulcers (溃疡) in the stomach could be located, and the lungs could be X-rayed to show if there was any tuberculosis (肺结核) present.

　　  1. How did Professor Rontgen discover the X-ray?

　　　　   A. He discovered it as the result of his careful-planned experiments.

　　　　   B. He discovered it by accident while he was doing an experiment.

　　　　   C. He discovered it because of his wife's good suggestion and help.

　　　　   D. He discovered it with the help of other physicists.

　　  2. According to Para. 1, what caused the strange dancing lights on Professor Rontgen's table in the laboratory?

　　　　   A. The electric bulb and the cardboard. 

　　　　   B. The current and the table.

　　　　  C. The unknown rays and the paper itself.

　　　　   D. The penetrating rays and the metal stilts.

  　　3. Professor Rontgen found that the X-ray could——.

　　　　  A. penetrate everything but metal

　　　　  B. pass through both flesh and bone

　　　　  C. penetrate only black cardboard

　　　　  D. cause the metal to shine

　　  4. Which of the following uses of X-ray are mentioned in the passage?

　　　　  1) to observe broken bones　　 2) to cut off useless damaged arms of legs

　　　　  3) to kill cancer cells　　   4) to locate ulcers in the stomach

　　　　  5) to find tuberculosis in the lungs

  6) to protect flesh and healthy cells

　　　　  A. 1) 3) 4) 5)　　 B. 1) 3) 4) 6)　　 C. 1) 2) 3) 5)　　  D. 2) 3) 5) 6)

Political controversy about the public-land policy of the United States began with the American Revolution. In fact, even before independence from Britain was won, it became clear that resolving the dilemmas surrounding the public domain might prove necessary to preserve the Union itself.

At the peace negotiation with Britain, Americans demanded, and got, a western boundary at the Mississippi River. Thus the new nation secured for its birthright a vast internal empire rich in agricultural and mineral resources. But under their colonial charters, seven states—Massachusetts, Connecticut, New York, Virginia, North Carolina, South Carolina, and Georgia—claimed portions of the western wilderness. Virginia's claim was the largest, stretching north and west to encompass the later states of Kentucky, Ohio, Indiana, Illinois, Michigan, and Wisconsin. The language of the charters was vague and their validity questionable, but during the war Virginia reinforced its title by sponsoring Colonel Georgia Rogers Clark's 1778 Expedition to Vicennes and Kaskaskia, Which strengthened America's trans- Appalachian pretensions at the peace table.

The six states holding no claim to the trans-mountain region doubted whether a confederacy in which territory was so unevenly apportioned would truly prove what it claimed to be, a union of equals. Already New Jersey, Delaware, Rhode Island, and Maryland were among the smallest and least populous of the States. While they levied heavy taxes to repay state war debts, their larger neighbors might retire debts out of land-sale proceeds. Drawn by fresh lands and low taxes, people would desert the small states for the large, leaving the former to fall into bankruptcy and eventually into political subjugation. All the states shared in the war effort, said the New Jersey legislature, how then could half of them “be left no sink under an enormous debt, whilst others are enabled, in a short period, to replace all their expenditures from the hard earnings of the whole confederacy?” As the Revolution was a common endeavor, so ought its fruits, including the western lands, be a common property.

　　  1. With which of the following topics is the passage primarily concerned?

　　　　  A. A controversial public-land policy.

　　　　  B. How independence from Britain was won.

　　　　  C. The land holdings of Massachusetts.

　　　　  D. How New Jersey developed its western land.

　　  2. According to the passage, the British granted the new American nation a western boundary at——.

　　　　   A. Ohio　　　　   　　　　 B. Illinois

　　　　   C. the Mississippi River　　   D. the Appalachian Mountains

　　  3. Which state laid claim to the largest land-holdings?

　　　　   A. North Carolina.　　　　　　 B. South Carolina.

　　   C. Virginia.　　　　　　　　   D. Georgia.

　　  4. In line 13, the word “stretching” could best be replaced by which of the following?

　　　　   A. Lengthening.　　　　　　   B. Increasing.

　　　　   C. Exaggerating.　　　　　　  D. Extending.