Now welcome to our radio magazine“American Mosaic”. We received 17,077　　1　　from all over the world. We learn many things about our listeners　　2　　about our program. One of the　　3　　things is that many listeners are not sure about the name of this　　4　 . They have only heard it. So they spell it as it　　5　 . For example, some listeners call the　　6　　“American Music”, or“American Mozart”.　　7　　we thought it would be a good idea to talk about this program and　　8　　it got its name. American Mosaic is one of the newest Special English shows which was started in 1985. We could not　　9　　on what to call the new show. So we had an advertisement for listeners to　　10　　in possible names. There were two　　11　 . Both thought of the name “American Mosaic”. The word mosaic　　12　　a picture or　　13　　that is made by placing many small pieces　　14　 . We choose the name “American Mosaic”　 15　　the purpose of the show is to create a picture of life in America　　16　　many small stories. Each story is　　17　 , like the different pieces of a mosaic. Together,　　18　　form a complete picture. We hope our radio magazine“American Mosaic”　 19　　a complete, interesting and true picture of　　20　　in the USA.

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　　Anna Whitney, a sophomore (大学二年级学生) at Colorado State University, first had a problem taking tests when she began college. “I was always　　1　　prepared for my tests. Sometimes I studied for weeks before test. Yet I would go in to take the test, only to find I would not answer the questions　　2　 . I would blank out because of nervousness and fear. I couldn't think of the answers. My　　3　　grades on the tests did not show what I knew to the teacher.”Another student in microbiology had　　4　　experiences. He said,“My first chemistry test was very difficult. Then, on the second test, I sat down to take it, and I was so nervous that I was　　5　 . My hands were moving up and down so　　6　　that it was hard to hold my pencil. I knew the material and I knew the answers. Yet I couldn't　　7　　write them down!”

　　These two young students were　　8　　something called test anxiety (考试焦虑)。Because a student worries and is anxious about a test, his or her　　9　　does not work as well as it usually does. The student cannot write or think　　10　　because of the extreme tension and nervousness. Although poor grades are often a　　11　　of poor study habits, sometimes test anxiety causes the low grades. Recently, test anxiety has been as a real problem, not just an　　12　　or a false explanation of lazy students.

　　Special university counseling(指导) courses try to help students. In these courses, counselors try to help students by teaching them　　13　　to manage test anxiety. At some universities, students take tests to　　14　　their tension. These courses teach students how to relax their bodies. Students are trained to become　　15　　in very tense situations. By controlling their nervousness, they can let their minds　　16　　at ease (安心).　　17　　information then comes out without difficulty on a test.

　　An　　18　　at the University of California explains,“With almost all students, relaxation and　　19　　stress are felt after taking our program. Most of them experience better control　　20　　their tests. Almost all have some improvement.”

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　　On February 23,1779, a ragged group of men were advancing to a fort(要塞) held by British soldiers in Vincennes, Indiana. The men were　　1　 . Their leader was a man named George Rogres Clark. Clark and his　　2　　army of about 125 men made up their minds to　　3　　the fort. To complete this task, they had marched across Illinois through　　4　　and rain. The men were very　　5　 . They had almost no ammunition(弹药). By the time they　　6　　Vincennes, they had been　　7　　food for. two days.　　8　　before they could attack the fort, they　　9　　to seize the town. Clack sent a　　10　　to the townspeople. In it Clark advised the townspeople who were　　11　　the British to go to the fort　　12　 . All others were to stay inside their　　13　 . His army, Clark's message　　14　 , was powerful! To make the townspeople believe that this was so, Clark had his men march in and out of the　　15　　around Vincennes. They marched from early afternoon until dark. Some men, by　　16　　of Clark, also carried flags on long poles so that they were　　17　　visible in the town. The townspeople　　18　　thought Clark's army was a powerful one. The town fell to Clark and his men and not a　　19　　was fired. On February 25, the fort, which had enough supplies to hold out　　20　　six months, gave it to the ragged American army!

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　　It is interesting how NASA chose their astronauts for landing them on the moon. They chose men　　1　　the age of twenty and thirty-five. There were about fifty of them. Many were　　2　　air pilots.　　3　　were scientists with two or three degrees. NASA telephoned each man they were going to choose, told him the plans and the　　4　　they might get in. They then asked him if he was willing to be trained as an astronaut.“How could any man　　5　　such an exciting job?”one of them said.“Dangerous? Of course. It's dangerous　　6　　most exciting.”

　　The health and physical condition of　　7　　was, of course, very necessary.　　8　　those in very good health and physical condition were chosen.

　　While being trained to be astronauts, they went through many　　9　 . They studied the stars and the moon, and they also studied geology, the science of rocks. This was necessary　　10　　astronauts would have to look for rocks on the moon. They would try to find rocks which might help to tell the　　11　　of the moon. They were all　　12　　to fly in helicopters. These helicopters landed　　13　　down to give them some experience of the way the spaceship would　　14　　land on the moon. They were also taught the　　15　　facts about the conditions in space. They learnt all the technical details of the spaceships and rocks. They visited the scientists and engineers who　　16　　them. They visited the factories where they were　　17　 . They learnt how every　　18　　of a spaceship and its instruments work. They also learnt every detail of ground-control　　19　 .

　　In a word, to be chosen as an astronaut, one must be in good health,　　20　　in science and good at piloting.

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　　The night was dark, though sometimes the moving clouds allowed a star or two to be seen in the sky. The poor man held on to any bit of　　1　　they could find. They called to the Marie for　　2　　, but she was far　　3　　the reach of the human voice. At one o'clock in the morning suddenly some　　4　　were seen in the distance: another ship! The shouts of the　　5　　were heard on board, and willing hands pulled them out of the water. The　　6　　of the ship that had arrived at the scene　　7　　to save their lives was the Ellen. What had　　8　　her to the exact spot　　9　　the darkness and the pathless sea? Her captain had known　　10　　of the wreck (沉船) and had, indeed,　　11　　to sail away from it. But let him speak for himself.

　　“　 12　　I was forced by the wind to change my course, a small bird flew across the ship once or twice and then flew at my face. I　　13　　of this until exactly the same thing happened a second time,　　14　　caused me to think it rather　　15　 . While I was thus　　16　 , the same bird, for the third time, made its appearance and flew　　17　　in the same way as before. I was then　　18　　to change my course back to the original one. I had not gone far　　19　　I heard a strange voice; and when I tried to　　20　　where they came from, I found I was in the middle of people who had been shipwrecked. I immediately did my best to save them.”

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　　It is always interesting to visit another country, especially for those who have never traveled a great deal. Foreign　　1　　can be very educational for　　2　　if he is interested enough to make preparations beforehand. Learning the language of the new country would be　　3　　for the traveler, but the benefits of　　4　　an effort would become obvious immediately　　5　　his travel. It may not seem　　6　　to him when he comfortably stays at home, but knowing　　7　　to order a meal or rent a room is　　8　　for the newcomer in a strange country. Without　　9　　the language, it is　　10　　difficult for the stranger to　　11　　the people of the new　　12　　and their customs.

　　Of course, in our small　　13　 , it is often possible to　　14　　someone who understand our　　15　　language, but this is　　16　　second-best for the traveler. To be sure, he can see places and things without the　　17　　of a language, but places and things are not the　　18　　of any country. To get the greatest　　19　　from a trip to another country, it is　　20　　important for the visitor to have an understanding of the language.

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　　Leonardo da Vinci began painting the Mona Lisa in 1503. He was working 1 a special painting for a church at that time, 2 the church painting was not 3 well. An Italian businessman asked da Vinci to paint a picture of his second 4 . This is the woman who 5 be seen in the Mona Lisa.

　　All in all, the Mona Lisa is a very good example of da Vinci's 6 , and it satisfied the husband. Da Vinci used 7 and light in a clever 8 in the painting. Da Vinci loved science and 9 Right away a person can see that there is a lot of geometry(几何形状) in the Mona Lisa. The face of the Mona Lisa is made of many circles and 10 shapes like 11 . Even her 12 can be seen as a small part of a large circle. The woman in the 13 is sitting on a balcony (阳台), and 14 can be seen behind her. Da Vinci loved to study rocks, so these can be seen 15 in his other paintings. The woman is sitting with her knees 16 the side. Her head is turned to look out of the painting. Her hands 17 together in front of her. This way of 18 is now used by many 19 when 20 . The Mona Lisa is a remarkable master.

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　　When you discuss about eating out with your friend, first of all, you must make it clear who will pay for the meal. If somebody suggests 1 lunch with his friend, he might simply say something like this, “I'm 2 it'll have to he some place 3 , as I have little money.”The 4 person may say, “ 5 . I'll meet you at McDonald's.” This means he has agreed 6 the two will go Dutch, that is, each person pays 7 himself. He may say, “Oh, 8 I want to take you 9 lunch at Johnson's.” This means the person is to pay the bill for both of them. 10 the other person is pleased with the invitation, there is 11 reason why he shouldn't 12 it by simply 13 “Thank you. ”

　　American customs are much the same 14 those in 15 parts of the world. American women 16 expect men to pay for all the meals. But today, some of them 17 . However, if a woman is asked to attend a dinner or a dance outside, the invitation 18 means “Come 19 , my guest.” So, 20 you see, it is a polite thing to make the situation clear at the very beginning.

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　　William Shakespeare was born four hundred years ago and spent his childhood in his hometown, Stratfordon-Avon. Little was known about his childhood though many stories are published, some of which may be 1 . He probably went to Grammar School at Stratford. At thirteen he 2 to leave school as his father 3 a lot in business and became poorer-for a time. So William had to 4 his own living. At the age of eighteen he married a farmer's daughter. Not long after he 5 Stratford for London, London was 6 growing. AB kinds of people were 7 in it. Here Shakespeare 8 travelers, students, and scholars, and his 9 was slimed (激起)by the stories they told. He also met writers and actors. He soon found some work in a 10 . Before long he became an actor and writer of plays 11. There were a few theatres in London. One of the most famous of these was 12 the Globe. Shakespeare himself 13 one of the owners of this theatre. Shakespeare's reputation(名望)as a writer of 14 began to grow. He 15 the writing of others and found 16 in the old poets like Chaucer. By his genius (天才)he 17 all these old stories into masterpieces(杰作)of his 18 . Shakespeare wrote no fewer than 37 plays. They describe all kinds of men and women, and 19 us pictures of great events in history. In 1593 Shakespeare acted before Queen Elizabeth, and received ten pounds for his services. Soon he got greater rewards(报酬)and became 20 enough to buy a house in Stratford . He was able to retire to his native town and spent the last few years of his life in comfort there.

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　　In 1918, 1 four years of war which had left millions of people 2 , the people 3 began to look for a better and 4 world. The cinema supplied an answer. For 5 money, people could forget their unhappy lives and dream 6 better ones. In 7 yeas between 1918 and 1939, 8 to the cinema became the most popular family free-time activity .

　　Hollywood, in America, made more films than 9 film center in the world. The 10 climate and 11 hours of sunlight meant that 12 was easy and quite 13 . This was also a rich part of American and 14 many businessmen 15 wanted to make money 16 the film industry. At first short cowboy films were popular because they added excitement and adventure 17 people's lives. 18 comedy films were made so that people 19 laugh and forget their troubles.

　　Charlie Chaplin was the most 20 of all comedy actors.

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