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　　Niagara is an Indian wont which means “roaring water”. Indeed, the roar of falling water of Niagara can be heard 1 a distance of 25 kms. Imagine 2 of mater flowing over a cliff 90 feet high and you will get an idea of that terrible noise. And 3 tremendous power the Niagara River has! It moves big rocks about and throws them into the boiling water below. 4 ago an old ship without a single person on board was put in mid-stream. It sailed down the river 5 a toy boat with great speed. Having reached the fall, the ship dropped into the boiling water, never 6 again.

　　There were some people who wanted to become famous 7 swimming across the most dangerous part of the Niagara River. One of them was Captain Webb. 8 that he would try to swim cross the Niagara drew crowds of people. On the evening of July 21th, 1893, Captain Webb came up to the river and 9 a plunge. His having jumped into the water 10 many people with horror. Soon, he appeared in the middle of the river. A loud shout went up from the crowd, but a moment later there was 11 silence. The man had disappeared under the water. Thousands of eyes 12 on the river, but the man was downed.

　　In 1902, a certain Miss Taylor decided to go over the falls in a barrel. There were different kinds of pillows inside the barrel to prevent her 13 . Having examined the barrel carefully, Miss Taylor got in. The barrel was closed and then 14 into the water. Having reached the falls, it overturned and was shot down by the terrible 15 of the water. When the barrel was finally caught and opened, Miss Taylor came out alive 16 with a frightened look in her eyes.

　　Once a crowd of visitors saw a rope 17 over them one bank of the river to the other. Then they saw a man 18 the rope. The man was an actor, Blondin

19 . He managed to cross Niagara Falls on a tight rope. The people on the bank were surprised at his 20 it so well.

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　　It's not polite to arrive at a dinner more than 15 to 20 minutes late. The host or hostess usually waits for all the 1 to arrive before serving the meal. If someone is late, the food may be spoiled(变味), and 2 may the host or hostess' spirits. If you have to be 3 , call and tell them to start 4 you.

　　It's even worse to be early ! The host or hostess will probably not be 5 . If you are early, drive or walk around the block a few times, or just sit in your car until the right time.

　　Though it's often _6 to arrive at a party on time, on the other hand, the host or hostess 7 guests to arrive and leave between certain times, so you can 8 at any time between the times he or she gives you.

　　It's nice to bring an empty stomach, but it's even nicer to bring 9 present. The present should not cost a lot, or you might make the host or hostess 10 . Flowers, wine, or a box of candy will be fine. 11 bring money as a present. In an introduction, the 12 of a name is: (1)the given name, (2)the family name. In other 13 , the given name comes 14 .

　　It's important not only to learn and remember 15 , but to repeat them often in conversation. After the introduction, we usually call friends by their 16 names. Older people may want you to call them by their titles and family names, such as “Mrs. Smith”, “Mr. Johnson”, “Dr. Brown”.

　　A maiden(闺女) name is a 17 family name at birth. In the United States and Canada, after a woman 18 , she takes the family name of her 19 in place of her maiden name. It is now becoming common, however, for women to 20 their maiden names after they get married.

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　　Computer hackers have now got their hands on mobile phones.

　　A phone virus programme can 1 your phone do things you have no control over, computer security experts 2 . It might 3 the White House or the police, or forward your personal address book to a marketing company. Or it could simply eat into the phone's operating software, turning it 4 and erasing your personal information. Similar viruses have already made mobile phone owners 5 in Japan and Europe.

　　Ari Hypponen, chief technical officer of a computer security company in Finland, said, “a virus can get your 6 and send them elsewhere. And it can record your 7 ”

　　Mobiles are now able to surf the net, send emails and 8 software. So they are an easy 9 for the same hackers who have sent viruses to computers over the past decade.

　　“It's technically 10 now, ”said Stephen Trilling, director of research at anti-virus 11 maker Symantec Corp based in the US.

　　“If the phone is connected to the 12 , it can be used to transmit threats and 13 targets, just as any computer can. ” In Japan, if you opened a certain email message 14 your mobile, it would cause the phone to repeatedly 15 the national emergency number.

　　So phone operators had to 16 emergency calls until the 17 was removed.

　　In Europe, mobiles' short message service, 18 SMS, has been used to send codes that could damage phones.

　　Mobile users can 19 viruses, of course, by sticking to their traditional phones 20 web links, some experts said.

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　　Do you know how many 1 kinds of music there are in the world? There are two. One is old 2 music, which has been 3 down from generation to 4 . People like it, 5 it has a close relation to their 6 life. They are 7 with it. In the early days when there 8 no radio, TV or cinema, performers of music used to 9 a great many songs by heart 10 heroes who had lived long ago. The other kind of music is 11 pop music, which is written down by 12 They write songs 13 pop stars and music for films and TV plays 14 make a living. They usually write the music with exact instructions 15 the music is to be played to make it 16 pleasant. In this way, more people will 17 the music and they can get more money. 18 nowadays many musicians can be 19 performing in the street putting a cap on the ground in front of them to hold coins 20 by the passers-by.

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　　While I was standing at the kitchen window, five-year-old Spencer, my oldest son, ran into the house 1 , “We need a doctor out here! We need a doctor! Hurry, Mom! ”“What's wrong?”I asked. Spencer anxiously told me he had found a dead bird that need a doctor.

　　Dutifully(顺从地), I seized a small plastic bag from the cupboard and took Spencer's hand — 2 , that's the sort of thing mothers do! While my son led me out of the door and 3 the bird, I explained that if the creature was indeed dead, a doctor could not 4 . When we arrived at the 5 scene, it was obvious that the baby bird was dead. Spencer and I could see the nest(鸟巢) high up in the tree. My son and I 6 the probable age of the baby bird, its inability to fly well, and exactly how the 7 had caused its death. “I think his mommy and daddy really 8 him, ”Spencer observed. I 9 my boy's hand and tried to ease his 10 by saying I was sure they did, 11 they would be okay because the little bird had gone to Heaven to be with Cod and PoPo( my deceased(去世了的) grandfather). I assured(使确信) Spencer that the bird's mommy and daddy knew that their little one would be 12 and loved. I told Spencer that PoPo loved little birds, and I 13 he was in Heaven holding and playing with the baby bird 14 . I picked up the little creature's body, slipped(悄悄放到)it into my plastic bag and 15 placed the bird in the rubbish bin. 16 was said about the matter for the rest of the day. Spencer went right back to playing 17 he had never been interrupted, and I returned to my work in the kitchen.

　　At breakfast the next morning, Spencer sadly explained to his father that he had found a baby bird the day before that had fallen from its nest.

　　“It was dead, Daddy!”

　　Trying to 18 Spencer's spirits and remind him that the little bird was really 19 , I asked our son to tell Daddy 20 the baby bird was. Spencer, looking solemn, faced at his dad, stated, “1n the rubbish bin with Mama's granddad, PoPo. ”

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　　Whether we find a joke funny or not largely depends on where we have been brought up. The 1 of humor mysteriously has much to do with 2 characteristics.

　　A Frenchman, for instance, might find it hard to laugh at a Russian joke. 3 , a Russian might 4 to see anything a musing in a joke, which would make an English 5 to tears.

　　However, no matter where you 6 , you would find it 7 not to laugh at, say, Charlie Chaplin's early films. Recently, a new type of humor has come into 8 in the U. S.. It is called“sick humor”. The following is one example.

　　A man who has broken his right leg was taken to hospital 9 Christmas. From the moment he arrived there, he kept begging 10 to tell him when he would be able to 11 . He hated having to spend Christmas 12 . Though the doctor did his best, the patient's 13 was slow. On Christmas Day, the man 14 had his right leg in plaster(石膏). He spent 15 day in bed thinking of 16 that was missing. The following day, however, the doctor comforted him by 17 him that his chances of being able to leave hospital in time for New Year celebrations were good. The man was 18 and, sure enough, on New Year's Eve he was able to hobble(跛行) along to a party. To make up for his unpleasant experiences in hospital, the man 19 a little more than was good for him. In the process, he enjoyed himself thoroughly and kept telling everybody how much he hated 20 He was still mumbling(咕哝) something about hospitals at the end of the party when he slipped on a piece of ice and broke his left leg.

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　　When sailors are allowed ashore after a long time at sea, they sometimes get drunk and cause trouble. For this reason, the navy 1 has its police in big ports. Whenever sailors cause trouble, the police come and 2 them.

　　One day, the police in a big seaport received a telephone call 3 a bar in the town. The barman said that a big sailor had got drunk and 4 the furniture in the bar. The officer in charge of the police guard that evening said that he would come immediately.

　　Now, officers who 5 and punish the sailors 6 drunk usually chose 7 policeman they could find to go with them. 8 this particular officer did not do this. 9 , he chose the smallest and 10 man he could find to go to the bar with him and 11 the sailor.

　　Another officer who 12 there was surprised when he saw the officer of the guard chose such a small man. 13 he said to him, “Why 14 you take a big man with you? You have to fight the sailor who 15 ”

　　“Yes, you are 16 right, ”answered the officer of the guard. “That is exactly 17 I am taking this small man. If you see two policemen coming 18 you, and one is 19 the other, which one 20 you attack?”

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　　Mary Kimble Smith was an ordinary 12-year-old girl: ordinary in every way 1 one. She suddenly started to walk in her 2 . No one knew why this happened. The best guess 3 to be that it represents 4 the sleepwalker is worried. This feeling normally remains under control during 5 hours, but at night, when the mind is in a 6 passive mode, it 7 to the surface and show itself in the form of 8 movement.

　　At first, her family 9 help from just about every doctor they could find. But 10 of them were able to suggest a means 11 which she could be cured. Then her parents were frightened, and they 12 waking her up when she was sleepwalking. In fact, the general advice is that we 13 not wake a sleepwalker. This follows the idea that 14 comes from some deep anxiety.

　　To wake a person and bring them to a 15 realization that they are not 16 they thought they were could increase the feeling of anxiety and perhaps 17 reinforce (加强) the habit.

　　 18 sleepwalkers stop without any warning — they just never do it again. In Mary's case, 19 , she slatted sleepwalking soon after her twelfth birthday and was still doing it the day 20 she died, in 1989, at 93 years of age.

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　　Wendy Wang is a 15-year-old girl who 1 in Shanghai. She is a student, but she is already 2 money. She has her own 3 . So you can say she is also a businesswoman. Her business is writing 4 games. She's already written a few, They're all very popular with children. They sell very 5 . So Wendy's business is very 6 . But it's a small 7 business. 8 it's her family members 9 work for her. Her father manages the computer. Her mother is its sales manager. Her brother is responsible for the accounting. Her only 10 who is not her family member is her driver. Because she's 11 18, Wendy can't drive. Her driver drives her to school and takes her home after school every 12 . She keeps in touch with her clients(客户)by phone, but she also meets her clients in 13 about twice a week. Then her driver will have to go to her school 14 her. Wendy is busy, but 15 too busy to play. She plays basketball twice a week and learns to play the violin once a week. Around 7 o'clock in the evening she has dinner with her parents. That's usually the time 16 they talk about business.

　　After that she's often seen 17 in her office. She often 18 late. She didn't go to bed 19 2 a. m. It seems that she doesn't 20 much sleep.

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　　Bacteria(细菌) are 1 the most 2 form of life on earth. 3 are also among the 4 and smallest living things. There are at 5 2000 species (a group of animals or plants which are all similar and can breed together to produce young animals or plants of the same kind of them) of bacteria. Some bacteria 6 disease, but 7 of them are 8 harmless or helpful to other forms of life.

　　A bacterium 9 of only one cell. The largest is about 10 than the smallest. A single 11 of sour milk may contain one hundred 12 bacteria.

　　 13 most bacteria are 14 by extreme heat, 15 live in hot springs. Freezing may 16 their growth 17 does not ordinarily kill them.

　　Bacteria 18 in salt deposits(盐层) 19 are hundreds of millions of years 20 . These bacteria have become active in the laboratory.

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