A Perfect Day

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　　Injuries cause 5 million deaths every year．They are also a leading cause of demand for medical care and recovery services．People of all ages are affected, but some groups are more at risk．For example, for people between the ages of 5 and 44 years, six of the ten leading causes of death are injury-related．The burden of injuries also falls disproportionately on the poor－over 90％ of injury-related deaths occur in low-income and middle-income countries and even poor people in wealthier countries suffer much higher rates of injury．Poorer people are at higher risk of injury because they often live, work, travel and go to school in unsafe environments．They also benefit less from prevention efforts, and have less access to high-quality treatment and recovery services．

　　Injuries can be prevented．There is clear, scientific evidence that injury-related deaths can be avoided and the effect of injury lessened．In high-income countries．injury-related deaths among children under the age of 15 years were reduced by half between 1970 and 1995．This reduction is brought about by a combination of research, development of data collection systems, the introduction of specific prevention measures such as improvements in the local environment, legislation, public education, product safety, and improvements in the level and quality of emergency care．

　　To prevent so-called “accidental” injuries(known as unintentional injuries)proven and promising measures include the use of motor cycle helmets, seat-belts and child restraints; separating pedestrians from vehicles; controls on speeding and on drink driving; use of safer stoves for cooking; child resistant containers for poison; and barriers separating children from dangers such as water．

　　proven prevention strategies include home visitation by professional nurses and social workers; parent training on child development, nonviolent discipline and problem-solving skills; pre-school enrichment programmes to give young children an educational head start; life skills training; reducing alcohol availability through taxation, pricing and the enforcement of liquor licencing laws; restricting access to firearms; and multi-media campaigns to promote non-violent social norms．For all types of injuries measures to improve the efficiency of emergency care will assist in reducing the risk of death, the time for recovery and the level of long-term impairment．

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　　The e-mail, which is also called email, stands for “electronic(电子)mail”．You can send messages in only a few seconds by e-mail．

　　On the Internet there are many powerful computers called “servers(服务器)” to help people send and receive emails．The sending and receiving servers are just like post offices．If you want to use the email service, you have to open at least an email account called a “mail-box”, just like we set up a mail-box in the post office．Some mailboxes are provided free of charge by ISPs, which you can get when you open an Internet account．Most widely-used mail-boxes are provided free by the ISPs, and anyone can apply for one even if he has no ISP account．

　　How to apply for a free mailbox? First you have to connect to the Internet and go to the homepage(主页)of the ICP providing free mailboxes．Then you will find an icon(符号)showing “apply for a free mailbox”．Click the icon, and agreement about the rules for using the free mailbox will appear．If you want to go on, click the icon “I agree”．Then you have to fill in a form about your basic personal data, and the name and pin of the mailbox．The pin is the key to the mailbox．After finishing these, you will get a mailbox like this：Your-name@ mail．Server(For example：tvguide @ mail．cctv．com．cn．“tvguide” is the name of the mailbox, and “mail．cctv．com．cn” is the name of the mail-server)．The mailbox is separated into two parts by a separator“@”, which is read as “at”．The former part is the name of the mailbox．The latter(后者)is the domain name(域名)of the mail server．All mail to you will be received by the server and put into your mailbox(You can read this mail on any computer in the world as long as you have the name and pin of the mailbox)．

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　　George Stephenson's father was a stoker(司炉)of a coal engine near Newcastle-upon-Tyne in England．When George was fourteen, he became his father's assistant at a shilling a day．He loved engines and spent all his spare time studying them．That was in 1795, and in those days all steam engines were stationary(不动)．They were used to pull trucks along rails with a chain or rope．

　　In 1840, Richard Trevithick built an engine on wheels, and several other engineers built locomotives(火车头), as they were called, each one trying to make a better machine than the others．George Stephenson set himself to build a locomotive．

　　Stephenson built his first locomotive in 1814, and he kept on trying to improve it．When the first public railway was opened between Stochton and Darlington in 1825, it was his engine, called Locomotion that pulled the first good train in the world, with a few passengers on board．

　　Stephenson's most famous engine was The Rocket, which his son Rocket, helped to design．In 1829, a prize of 500 pounds was offered to the designer of the best locomotive．Five engines took part in the tests and The Rocket proved to be the best in every way．It astonished everyone by pulling a train at the wonderful speed of 30 miles an hour．With Robert, George Stephenson became the leading railway engineer in the world, both for building engines and making railways．

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　　What are you going to do with your old computer after you buy a new one? You have paid high prices for the old computer, but how much do you think it is worth now? Few people want to buy an old computer．Unfortunately, the only thing you can do is to throw it away．

　　they think about its original cost and then reduce the price according to the age of the computer－rather like a secondhand car．They are wrong．They forget that new computers are becoming cheaper every day, making old computers almost worthless．In 1985, for examples, a good computer cost over US ＄ 4, 000．Ten years later its owner would be lucky to get ＄ 400．

　　You must be careful about buying a secondhand computer．The microchips in a computer may last a long time, but the hard disk will not．It will probably cost more to replace the hard disk with a new one than the computer itself is worth．So saving and repairing an old computer is like building a car from spare parts．It is far cheaper to buy a new car．

　　One magazine recently listed some suggestions．One suggestion was to give it to charity(慈善团体)．The final one was to store it somewhere and hope that it would become a collector's item in fifteen or twenty years．But in fifteen or twenty years there may be so many old computers that they will all be worthless．

　　Whatever you decide to do with an old computer will not change the fact that it will be useless soon．The world of computers is quickly changing and eventually all computers will not only be integrated with video telephones and run DVD ROM disks, but also be able to perform many tasks which as yet we cannot even imagine．All these uses will require much more advanced computers today to the garbage can(垃圾筒)of the next century．

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　　Dad was brought home in the night．We heard every sound, but we pretended to be asleep．

　　Next morning he looked weak and thin, sitting in a chair by the kitchen fire．The light of the fire shone through his long empty sleeve(袖子)．Everything went as usual．Grandma found something to do in the bedroom．Grandpa went out for some water．Mother, with her back to us, was getting the cakes ready for breakfast．

　　But nothing was right．When Grandma came out of the bedroom, she walked on tiptoe．When Grandpa came back, he said nothing about the weather．At breakfast Mother passed us the fruit and said something, but her voice was too high．

　　At last my sister, Lou, pushed back her chair．“It's your turn to wash the dishes”．But I had washed the dishes the night before．I said nothing because it was not right to quarrel in front of Dad just home with the empty sleeve．

　　“It is your turn, ” Lou said again．I looked at her in surprise．

　　“It is not, ” I said because I suddenly remembered Mother had told us to go on as usual．

　　“Children, children, ” Mother said in a quiet, glad kind of voice．And Dad was smiling because he felt at home at last．

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The Currier and Ives printing house was founded by National Currier in 1834．James Ives joined the printing house as an assistant eighteen years just after marrying Currier's sister, and became one of the owners in 1957．The pair showed an unusual ability to tell what the American public would rush to buy in the way of cheap rt, and actually hundreds of thousands of prints from as many as 7,000 different pictures were turned out and sold from the printing house's shop in lower New York by street sellers and over shop counters throughout the country and even in Europe．Though in the course of time Currier and Ives hired some of American finest artists, art value could certainly not be counted among the printing house's real aims．Some time ater it went out of bustness in 1907; the prints enjoyed new popularity as some people's collection, and the rare examples brought thousands of dollars in the 1920s．

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　　In the 1960s, people asked about your astrological sign(星相)．In the 1990s, they wanted to know your website(网址)．These days, having a wed address is almost as important as a street address．Your wedsite is an electronic meeting place for your family, friends and potentially, millions of people around the world．Best of all, you may not have to spend a cent, The Web is filled with all kinds of free services and all it takes is some time and creativity．

　　Think of your home page as the starting point of your website．Like the table of contents of a book or a magazine, the home page is the front door．Your site can have one or more pages, depending on how you design it．

　　While web pages vary greatly in their design and content, most use a traditional magazine layout(版面设计)．At the top of the page is a banner(大标题)GRAPHIC．Next comes a greeting and a short description of the site．Pictures, texts, and links to other websites follow．

　　Before you start building your site, do some planning．Think about whom the site is for and what you want to say．Next, gather up the material that you want to put on the site．Draw a rough layout on a sheet of paper．

　　While there are no rules you have to follow, there are a few things to keep in mind：

　　Start simply

　　If you are too ambitious(雄心勃勃的)at the beginning, you may never get the site off the ground．You can always add to your site．

　　Less is better

　　Most people don't like to read a lot of text online．Break it into small pieces．

　　Smaller is better

　　Most people connect to the Internet with a modem(调制解调器)．Since it can take a long time to download large image files, keep the file sizes small．

　　Have the rights

　　Don't put any material on your site unless you are sure you can do it legally(合法地)．Learn the Net's Copyright Article for more about this．

　　Now it's time to roll up your sleeves and start building．Learning the Net Communities provides tools to help you build your site．

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　　No one can believe that the over 6, 300-kilometer Great Wall might disappear some day．Believe it or not, the Great Wall is being destroyed by people．Less than 20 percent of the Great Wall built in the Ming Dynasty, is still perfect, but about 80 percent is in danger．The Great Wall can be called “great” mostly because of its amazing length．But we should realize that the length was made up of one brick at a time．If we do nothing to save the Great Wall, it will become a series of separate wasteland rather than a historic site．

　　The Great Wall is actually a series of walls built and rebuilt by different dynasties over the past 2, 000 years．It began in the rule of China's first emperor, Qin Shihuang of the Qin Dynasty(221 BC-206 BC), and lasted into the Ming Dynasty．The parts built before the Ming Dynasty have nearly disappeared．People are familiar with sections such as Badaling in Beijing and Jiayuguan Pass in Gansu, because they have been open to tourists for many years．But those sections far away from the public eyes have been almost forgotten．

　　Few local people knew the 3-metre-high walls made of earth and stones beside them are part of the Great Wall．The lack of knowledge is considered as one of the main reasons behind human．The bricks on the Great Wall are carried off by countryside people to build their houses, sheep corrals(畜栏)and pigsties｜pigsti｜(猪舍)．Some were taken away to build roads．Bricks carved with people's names are put away as remembrances(回想)．Rubbish is spread over the battlements．The bricks can be sold for 15 yuan per, tractor load．Those who destroyed and are destroying the Wall know its name, but are not clear about its cultural meaning．It will take a long time to let them know this．The local farmers not only carried off the body of the Wall but also dug out the entire base．

　　It is necessary to protect the Great Wall．First of all, the officials should be aware of the importance of the Great Wall．Young Chinese should know more about the nation's great civilization and learn to love it．

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　　Material culture refers to the touchable, material “things”-physical objects that can be seen, held, felt, used-that a culture produces．Examining a culture's tools and technology can tell us about the group's history and way of life．Similarly, research into the material culture of music can help us to understand the music-culture．The most vivid body of “things” in it, of course, are musical instruments．We cannot hear for ourselves the actual sound of any musical performance before the 1870s when the phonograph was invented, so we depend on instruments for important information about music-cultures in the remote(faraway in time)past and their development．Here we have two kinds of evidence：instruments well-kept and instruments pictured in art．Through the study of instruments, as well as paintings, written documents, and so on, we can explore the movement of music from the Near East to China over a thousand years ago, or we can outline the spread of Near Eastern effect to Europe that resulted in the development of most of the instruments in the symphony orchestra．

　　Sheet music or printed music, too, is material culture．Scholars once defined folk music-cultures as those in which people learn and sing music by ear rather than from print, but research shows each other's influence among oral and written sources during the past few centuries in Europe, Britain and America．Printed versions limit variety because they are likely to standardize any song, yet they encourage and force people to make new and different songs．Besides, the ability to read music notation has a far-reaching effect on musicians and, when it becomes widespread, on the music-culture as a whole．

　　One more important part of music's material culture should be singled out：the effect of the electronic media-radio, record player, tape recorder, television, and video cassette, with the future promising talking and singing computers and other developments．This is all part of the “information revolution, ”a twentieth-century phenomenon as important as the industrial revolution was in the nineteenth．These electronic media are not just limited to modern nations; they have affected music-cultures all over the world．

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