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　　Salvia Earle, a marine botanist and one of the foremost deep-sea explorers, has spent over 6, 000 hours, more than seven months, underwater．From her earliest years, Earle had a fascination for marine life, and she took her first plunge into the open sea as a teenager．

　　In the years since then she has taken part in a number of landmark underwater projects, from exploratory expeditions around the world to her well-known“Jim dive”in 1978, which was the deepest solo dive ever made without cable connecting the diver to a support ship at the surface of the sea．

　　Clothed in a Jim suit, a suit of plastic and metal armor, which was secured to a manned submarine, Salvia Earle plunged vertically into the Pacific Ocean, at times at a speed of 100 feet per minute．On reaching the ocean floor, she was released from the submarine and from that point her only connection to the sub was an 18-foot rope．For the next two and a half hours, Earle roamed the seabed taking notes, collecting specimens, and planting a U．S．flag．Having an irresistible desire to descend deeper still, in 1981 she became involved in the design and manufacture of deep-sea submersibles, one of which took her to a depth of 3,000 feet．This, however, did not end Sylvia Earle’s accomplishments．

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　　THE names of William Shakespeare, Charles Dickens, and Jane Austen are probably not new to you．They are stars of the literary landscape and their works add to the charm of their British homeland．This week, we take you to the places where these literary masters grew up, lived or got their inspiration from．

　　Stratford-upon-Avon

　　Located on the banks of the river Avon in the north of England, Stratford-upon-Avon provides a beautiful glimpse into Britain’s rural life．Every year, thousands of tourists flock to the town to see the land that produced Britain’s greatest playwright．They visit the house where Shakespeare lived and go to the Royal Shakespeare Theatre to enjoy his plays．

　　William Shakespeare(1564-1616)

　　Stratford-upon-Avon would be on an ordinary small city in Britain if it was not the birthplace of William Shakespeare．Shakespeare left the town when he was 18, but even at the height of his career in London, Shakespeare returned here regularly to visit his family．Shakespeare thought of it as his real home, even though London brought him fame．

　　Bath

　　UNESCO World Heritage city．Bath has the country’s only natural hot springs．The city is named after its most popular sight：the Roman Baths, which were built by the Romans in the first century as a public bath house．For centuries, people went there to bathe in the natural mineral water．

　　Jane Austen(1775-1817)

　　Bath was one of Austen’s favorite places．It appears in her novels Persuasion and Northanger Abbey．In the latter she wrote：“I do like it very much．If I could have papa and mamma, and the rest of them here, I suppose I should be too happy!”

　　London

　　LONDON is the cultural centre of Britain．Its historical attractions draw numerous visitors．Treasures such as Westminster Abbey, Big Ben and Buckingham Palace are among the world’s top tourist attractions．Museums like the British Museum and the National Gallery, all free, make London a favorite for art lovers．

　　Charles Dickens(1812-1870)

　　Dickens spent most of his life in London and wrote extensively about this city．Born in Hampshire, south of London, Dickens moved to London when he was two years old．He depicted London as foggy, dirty, with villains everywhere, as shown in his works Oliver Twist, Great Expectations, Bleak House and A Tale of Two Cities．

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　　People in the United States honor their parents with two special days：Mother’s Day, on the second Sunday in May, and Father’s Day, on the third Sunday in June．

　　Mother’s Day was proclaimed a day for national observance by President Woodrow Wilson in 1915．Ann Jarvis from Grafton, West Virginia, had started the idea to have a day to honor mothers．She was the one who chose the second Sunday in May and also began the custom of wearing a carnation．In 1909, Mrs．Dodd from Spokane, Washington, thought of the idea of a day to honor fathers．She wanted to honor her own father, William Smart．After her mother died, he had the responsibility of raising a family of five sons and a daughter．In 1910, the first Father’s Day was observed in Spokane．

　　Senator Margaret Chase Smith helped to established Father’s Day as a national commemorative day, in 1972．

　　These days are set aside to show love and respect for parents．They raise their children and educate them to be responsible citizens．They give love and care．

　　These two special days are celebrated in many different ways．On Mother’s Day people wear carnations．A red one symbolizes a living mother．A white one shows that the mother is dead．Many people attend religious services to honor parents．It is also a day when people whose parents are dead visit the cemetery．On these days families get together at home, as well as in restaurants．They often have outdoor barbecues for Father’s Day．These are days of fun and good feelings and memories．

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　　If you travel by air across the center of Africa or South America, you fly over forests for thousands of kilometers．These great forests are the oceans of trees．There are thousands and thousands of different kinds of plants and animals there．

　　However, the world’s forests are getting smaller all the time．We are cutting down the trees because we need wood, and we need more farmland．Some people say that there will not be any forests like these in 20 or 30 years．What will happen if they disappear? If we cut down our forests, a lot of plants and animals will disappear from the world．In a lot of places the new farmland will soon look like the old deserts．

　　Crops will not grow there．It will not rain very often, and the weather will get very hot．Perhaps the climate of the world will change．This will be dangerous for everyone in the world．That is why we must take care of our forests．

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　　Making a film takes a long time and is very hard work．Writing for the film may take many weeks．Filming the story being acted－ or shooting the film, as it is called, often takes at least six months．Actors and camera-men work from very early in the morning until late at night．Each scene has to be acted and re-acted, filmed and re-filmed, until it is just right．Sometimes the same scene may have to be acted twenty or thirty times．

　　The film studio is like a large factory, and the indoor stages are very big indeed．Scenery of all kinds is made in the studio：churches, houses, castles, and factories are all built of wood and cardboard．Several hundred people work together to make one film．Some of these people are the actors and actresses．The director of the film, however, is the most important person in a film studio．He decides how the scenes should be filmed and how the actors should act．

　　Most people go to see a film because they know the film-stars in it．Sometimes the film may be very poor．It is best to choose a film made by a good director．Some famous directors make their films very real．People feel that they themselves are among the people in the film．

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　　IRKUTSK, Russia：Two Chinese are feared dead and one escaped with minor injuries when a Russian airliner crashed on landing and burst into flames in Siberia yesterday, killing at least 122 people and injuring more than 50．

　　Tu Er’xun, an official with the Chinese Consulate General in Khabarovsk, said that of the three Chinese on the plane－the fate of two was not known while one man escaped with slight injuries．The survivor Wang Tiecheng from North China’s Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region－said the other two Chinese on board, both women, had probably died．They were reported to be making a stopover in Irkutsk on route to Shenyang, capital of Northeast China’s Liaoning Province．

　　But Sibir airline said three Chinese were among five foreigners killed, the other two being an Azeri and a German．No other details were available except that seven foreign nationals were being treated．

　　Many of the 200 people on board were children flying for holidays to Lake Baikal, a popular Siberian spot in summer, media reported．

　　At least 122 bodies had been recovered and 53 people were in hospital being treated for bums, trauma and the effect of smoke inhalation, an Emergencies Ministry spokeswoman said．The fate of 25 passengers was unknown．

　　Sibir airlines flight 778 from Moscow to Irkutsk, an Airbus A-310, overshot the runway at around 2∶50 a.m Moscow time(22∶50 GMT on Saturday)．It ploughed through a wall into nearby buildings and caught fire．

　　The only surviving stewardess opened an emergency exit, enabling passengers in the rear of the plane to jump to safety．Of the eight-strong crew, a pilot also survived．

　　Some 600 rescue workers used cutting gear to recover bodies after taking two hours to douse the burning fuselage．

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　　Just before a department store in this central Kansas town closed forever on Sunday, it had a unique sale．About 100 shoppers were milling around, choosing items at special close-out prices, when a voice made an announcement over the intercom．

　　“Attention shoppers! We’re having a local sale．You can buy everything you can fit into a shopping cart for only 25 dollars!”

　　“The store became very quiet,” one woman shopper said later．“And then, all of a sudden, there was a crash and a bang．I didn’t care what I found in my cart．No one cared．”

　　She went wild in the shoe department．“I got between 40 and 60 pairs from baby size to adult size,” she said．She also grabbed stacks of recording tapes, spark plugs, cans of paint, scarves, ties, and “dozens of pairs of underwear．”

　　“I added it up,” she said, “and I got ＄1 426.35 worth of stuff．”

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　　You’re out to dinner．The food is delicious and the service is fine．You decide to leave a big fat tip．Why? The answer may not be as simple as you think．

　　Tipping, psychologists(心理学家)have found, is not just about service．Instead, studies have shown that tipping can be affected by psychological reactions to a series of different factors(因素)from the waiter’s choice of words to how they carry themselves while taking orders to the bill’s total．Even how much waiters remind customers of themselves can determine how much change they pocket by the end of the night．

　　“Studies before have shown that mimicry(模仿)brings into positive feelings for the mimicker,” wrote Rick van Baaren, a social psychology professor．“These studies show that people who are being mimicked become more generous(大方的)toward the person who mimics them．”

　　So Rick van Baaren divided 59 waiters into two groups．He requested that half serve with a phrase such as, “Coming up!” Those in the other half were instructed to repeat the orders and preferences back to the customers．Rick van Baaren then compared their take-home．The results were clear－it pays to mimic your customer．The copycat waiters earned almost double the amount of tips to the other group．

　　Leonard Green and Joel Myerson, psychologists at Washington University in St．Louis, found the generosity of a tipper may be limited by his bill．After research on the 1,000 tips left for waiters, cab drivers, hair stylists, they found tip percentages in three areas dropped as customers’ bills went up．In fact, tip percentages appear to plateau(达到稳定水平)when bills topped ＄100 and a bill for ＄200 made the worker gain no bigger percentage tip than a bill for ＄100．

　　“That’s also a point of tipping,” Green says．“You have to give a little extra to the cab driver for being there to pick you up and something to the waiter for being there to serve you．If they weren’t there you’d never get any service．So part of the idea of a tip is for just being there．”

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　　Bill Gates, the head of the world’s biggest computer software company, the Microsoft Corporation, has a mission, “Put computers on every office desk and in every home．”Bill Gates has had this mission since he was a university student nineteen years ago．This deep personal interest, together with his technical skill and his business marketing skills helped him to create a giant computer company and to make him wealthy．

　　Although he is so wealthy, Bill Gates does not want to give up．He is still very interested in his vision(远见)and he travels the globe, from Beijing to London, making quick stops in cities to sell the new software products of his company．

　　The central vision of Bill Gates is the “information highway”．This is a network of computers that will link every home, office and shopping mall in the future．This computer network system will have an effect on business, shopping and education．Bill Gates says that the main use of this new technology will be in communication．It will be a way to find people with common interests and to share opinions with them．

　　But is this communication by computers along the “information highway” really a good thing? Won’t we be sitting at home, only “socializing” with our computers, paying big companies money so that we can receive information that some large communication corporation somewhere has decided and that is “acceptable” for us to read? “No,” says Bill Gates, who thinks that the phrase “information highway” is a terrible phrase．“It makes people think that we are all going down the same road,” he says．In fact, the computer network will let us choose our own intellectual direction．It will give us freedom．It will also bring good to society, because it will allow for the spread of education．When more and more people receive education, the gap between the rich and the poor will narrow．

　　In the meantime, however, the gap between the rich and the poor is still there．To be added to this now is the gap between those with computers and those without．

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