America is a country on the move．In unheard-of numbers, people of all ages are exercising their way to better health．According to the latest figures, 59 percent of American adults exercise regularly-up 12 percent from just two years ago and more than double the figure of 25 years ago．Even non-exercisers believe they would be more attractive and confident if they were more active．

　　It is hard not to get the message．The virtues of physical fitness are shown on magazine covers, postage stamps, and television ads of everything from beauty soaps to travel books．Exercise as a part of daily life did not catch on until the late 1960s when research by military doctors began to show the health benefits of doing regular physical exercises．Growing publicity(宣传)for races held in American cities helped fuel a strong interest in the ancient sport of running．Although running has leveled off in recent years as Americans have discovered equally rewarding-and sometimes safer-forms of exercise, such as walking and swimming, running remains the most popular form of exercise．

　　As the popularity of exercise continues to mount, so does scientific evidence of its health benefits．The key to fitness is exercising the major muscle groups vigorously(强有力地)enough to approximately double the heart rate and keep it doubled for 20 to 30 minutes at a time．Doing such physical exercises three times or more a week will produce considerable improvements in physical health in about three months．

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阅读理解

　　Even with little exposure to cultural standards of beauty,“infants treat attractive faces as distinctive regardless of the sex, age and race of the stimulus(刺激物)faces,”write psychologist Judith H.Langlois and her colleagues in the January DEVELOPMENTAL PSYCHOLOGY．

　　In their experiment, 60 healthy 6-month-old infants from middle-class families viewed slides showing eight pairs of white male faces and eight pairs of white female faces．Each pair, displayed for 10 seconds, consisted of one attractive and one unattractive face, as previously judged by a group of male and female college students．An experimenter viewed the young participants on a video monitor and recorded the direction and duration of each infant’s gaze．

　　The 35 boys and 25 girls looked longer at both male and female faces judged as attractive, the researchers found．

　　Their second study of 6-month-old involved 15 boys and 25 girls, mostly white, who saw eight pairs of slides showing an attractive and an unattractive black female, as previously judged by both white and black college students．Again, the babies looked much longer at attractive faces．

　　Finally, 19 boys and 20 girls, all 6 months old and almost all of them white, viewed eight pairs of slides showing the faces of 3-month-old boys and girls previously rated as attractive or unattractive by college students．Attractive baby faces drew significantly longer looks, the psychologists report．

　　Further studies must explore whether infants take attractive faces as“best examples”of a face, the investigators claim Langlois and a coworker recently reported that attractive faces may possess features that approximate the mathematical average of all faces in particular population．

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　　If you and your friends wish to share a secret, you can write it in code, and no one else will be able to read it．Codes are one way of writing in secret．Ciphers(暗码)are another．In a code each word is written as a secret code word or code number．In a cipher each letter is changed．

　　Codes and ciphers have played an important role in the history of the world．Julius Caesar, the Roman ruler who defeated almost all the countries in Europe about 2, 000 years ago, used a cipher when he sent secret messages to his troops．During the American Revolution, George Washington’s spies used a kind of code to send him information about the enemy before his military(军事的)action．In World War Ⅱ, the Americans“broke”, or figured out, Japan’s most important navy codes and got enough information to destroy a powerful Japanese fleet．

　　Storekeepers use codes to mark their goods．The codes show how much was paid for the goods or when they were added to the stock(商品)．Businessmen use codes to hide plans from their business enemies．Sometimes personal letters or diaries are written in code．Many people enjoy figuring out codes and ciphers simply as a hobby．

　　In the 16th century, codes and ciphers were very popular among scientists．They wrote messages to each other in code so that no one else would learn their secrets．Geronimo Gardano, an Italian astrologer(星相家), mathematician, and doctor, invented the trellis cipher．He took two sheets of paper and cut exactly the same holes in each one．Then he sent one sheet, which he called a trellis, to a friend and kept the other for himself．Whenever he wanted to write a message, he put his trellis over a clean sheet of paper and wrote the secret message through the holes．Then he removed the trellis and filled the rest of the paper with words that would make sense．When his friend received it, he put his trellis over the writing and read the secret message．

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阅读理解

　　A Japanese toy maker declares that they have developed a gadget that translates dog barks into human language and plans to begin selling the gadget——under the name of Bowlingual——in U．S．pet stores and gift shops this summer．

　　Tokyo-based Takara Co．Ltd．says about 300, 000 of the dog translator gadgets have been sold since it was on sale in Japan late last year．It is forecasting far bigger sales once an English language translation for dogs comes to America in August．The United States is home to about 67 million dogs, more than six times the number in Japan．

　　“We know that the Americans love their dogs so much, so we don’t think they will mind spending $ 120 on this product,”the Takara marketing manager said during an interview at a recent pet products conference in Atlanta．

　　Regarded as one of the coolest inventions of 2002 by Time magazine, Bowlingual is made up of a 3-inch long wireless microphone that is fastened to a dog collar and sends out sounds to a small console(控制台)that is connected to a database(数据库)．The console divides each bark into six emotional types-happiness, sadness, disappointment, anger, threat and desire-and shows common phrases, such as“You’re ticking me off,”that fit the dog’s emotional state．

　　Takara says it has spent millions of dollars developing the gadget in cooperation with famous sound experts and animal behaviorists．

　　One thing that does appear certain is that the markets for animal translation products will likely remain a dog’s world since Takara has no plans to develop a similar gadget for cats．“They are too unpredictable(反复无常),”the marketing manager said．

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　　In 1997, a group of twenty British women made history．Working in five teams with four women in each team, they walked to the North Pole．Apart from one experienced female guide, the other women were all ordinary people who had never done anything like this in their lives before．

　　The women set off as soon as they were ready．Once on the ice, each woman had to ski while dragging a sledge(雪橇)about over 50 kilos．This would not have been too bad on a smooth surface, but for long distances, the Arctic ice is pushed up into huge piles two or three metres high, and the sledges had to be pulled up one side and carefully let down the other so that they didn’t become damaged．The temperature was always below the freezing point and sometimes strong winds made walking while pulling so much weight almost impossible．It was also very difficult for them to put up their tents when they stopped each night．

　　In such conditions, the women were making good progress if they covered fourteen or fifteen kilometers a day．But there was another problem．Part of the journey was across a frozen sea with moving water underneath the ice and at some points the team would drift(漂流)back more than five kilometers during the night．That meant that after walking in these very severe conditions for ten hours on one day, they had to spend part of the next day covering the same ground again．Further more, each day it took them three hours from waking up to setting off and another three hours every evening to set up the camp and prepare the evening meal．

　　So, how did they manage to succeed?They realized that they were part of a team．If any one of them didn’t pull her sledge or get her job done, she would endanger the success of the whole expedition(探险)．Any form of selfishness could result in the efforts of everyone else being completely wasted, so personal feelings had to be put to one side．At the end of their journey, the women agreed that it was mental effort that got them to the North Pole．

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　　Society tends to think of high school dropouts(辍学者)as kids who just can’t cut it．They are lazy, and perhaps not too bright．So researchers were surprised when they asked more than 450 kids who quit school about why they left．

　　“Most of them actually had passing grades and were confident that they could have graduated from high school.”John Bridgeland, the executive researcher said．About 1 million teens leave school each year．Only about half of African –American and Hispanic(美籍西班牙的)students will receive a diploma, and actually all dropouts come to regret their decision．So, if failing grades don’t explain why these kids quit, what does?Again, John Bridgeland：“The most dependable finding was that they were bored.”“They found classes uninteresting; they weren’t inspired．They didn’t see any direct connection between what they were learning in the classroom and their own lives, or their career．”

　　The study found that most teens who do drop out wait until they turn sixteen, which happens to be the age at which most states allow students to quit．In the US, only one state, New Mexico, has a law asking teenagers to stay in high school until they graduate．Only four states：California, Tennessee, Texas and Utah, plus the District of Columbia, require school attendance until age 18, no exceptions．Jeffrey Garin, another researcher, says raising the attendance age may be one way to keep more kids in school．

　　New Hampshire may be the next state to raise its school attendance age to 18．But some people say that forcing students to stay in school misses the point－the need for reform．It’s been called for to improve high school education to make it more challenging and practical, and to make sure that kids who stick it out receive a diploma that actually means something．

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　　Having finished her homework, Ma Li wants to enjoy some music．As usual, she starts her computer and goes to Baidu．com to download music files．But this time she is surprised when an announcement about protecting songs’ copyright appears on the screen．The age of free music and movie downloads may have come to an end as Web companies like Baidu are accused(指控)of pirating copyright．Lawsuits(诉讼)have been filed against four websites offering free downloads．In September 2005, a Beijing court ordered Baidu to pay recording company Shanghai Push for their losses．Baidu was also told to block the links to the pirated music on the website．This caused a heated discussion on Interact file sharing．

　　“Baidu’s defeat in the lawsuit shows it is not right to get copyrighted songs without paying．Downloaders may face lawsuits or fines,”said an official．

　　Like many teens, Huang Ruoru, and 18-year-old girl from Puning in Guangdong Province, doesn’t think that getting music from websites is wrong．She always shares her favourite songs downloaded from Baidu with her friends．When told about the lawsuit, she began to feel a little guilty about getting others’ work without paying．

　　However, others have different ideas．Wang Yafei, a Senior 2 girl from Jinan, Shandong Province, pointed out that file sharing is a good way to promote pop singers．“If I download a song and really like it, I will buy the CD,”she said．“So what the recording companies really should concentrate on is their music, rather than file-sharers．”

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阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中，选出最佳选项。

　　In the United States, friendships can be close, constant, intense, generous, and real, yet fade away in a short time if things change．Neither side feels hurt by this．Both may exchange Christmas greeting for a year or two, perhaps a few letters for a while---then no more．If the same two people meet again by chance, even years later, they pick up the friendship where it’s left off and are delighted．

　　In the States, you can feel free to visit people’s homes, share their holidays, enjoy their children and their lives without fear that you are taking on a lasting obligation(义务)．Do not hesitate to accept hospitality(款待)because you cannot give it in return．No one will expect you to do so for they know you are far from home．Americans will enjoy welcoming you and be pleased if you accept their hospitality easily．

　　Once you arrive there, the welcome will be full and warm and real．Most visitors find themselves easily invited into many homes there．In some countries it is considered inhospitable to entertain at home, offering what is felt as“merely”home cooked food, not“doing something”for your guest．It is felt that restaurant entertaining shows more respect and welcome．Or for various other reasons, such as crowded space, language difficulties, or family custom, outsiders are not invited into homes．

　　In the United States, both methods are used, but it is often considered more friendly to invite a person to one’s home than to go to a public place, except in pure business relationships．So, if your host or hostess brings you home, do not feel that you are being shown inferior(差的)treatment．

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Electric shock

　　Injuries caused by electric shock are fairly common．When a person has received an electric shock, no one should go near him/her until the current has been turned off．If a shock occurring at work or at home causes someone to lose consciousness(知觉), electrical connection must be broken before anyone tries to give help．You should either turn off the switch at the mains or, if that is not possible, push the person away with a dry piece of wood．

Treatment of shock

　　Look out for signs of shock．People who have been injured or who may have lost a lot of blood, or those who have had heart attacks, may be in deep shock．The signs to look for are faintness, paleness, a moist(潮湿的), sticky skin, shallow, rapid breathing and a fast but weak heartbeat．Shock can prove fatal, and it is essential to do something to prevent its developing．The best way to treat or prevent shock is to keep the patient lying down, better with the legs higher than the head; if possible, raise the lower part of the body on a rolled-up packet or similar object．Make the patient as comfortable as possible, loosening any tight clothing, and comfort him/her because fright increases the effects of shock．

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阅读理解

　　The Internet dates back to 1969, when the U．S．Department of Defense decided to build an experimental network to make sure of computer-based command in the event of a nuclear attack．As the time went by, public and commercial networks in North America and Europe joined the system, and the expanding giant was born．

　　Until ten years ago, the Internet was actually the private fields of scientists and university students．During recent years, curious private citizens and businesses are crowding onto the Internet at a speed that is doubling its size every year．

　　Now computer networks have spread to form a giant global web．Some 100 million people from over 140 countries around the world have logged on to the Internet, a system linking tens of thousands of networks filled with information, discussion and entertainment．Millions of web pages contained in a great number of sites are commonly used to exhibit a mixture of texts, graphics, sounds and video clips, as well as links to other web pages．

　　On a typical day, data, as much as several million 250-page books, will pour through the Internet．Stored in the system are huge amounts of scholarly and scientific data, government documents and public records, airline timetables, weather reports, the full text of the Bible, and thousands of newspapers and magazines from around the world．

　　The Internet used can reach about 14,000 discussion forums(known as news groups)covering everything from medicine to sports, Chinese culture and French wines．By creating communities of people sharing common Internets, computer networks are making their influence felt in schools, in the business world, in politics and government．

　　What’s ahead?More convenience．In the next century, many commercial activities that require you to queue up in front of service counters, like paying bills or shopping, will be completed electronically through the information superhighway．You can do it at home and at any time．In the meantime, the rapid developing computer networks, by helping millions of users to work, learn and have fun online, are providing preview of the electronic future．

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