阅读下面短文并回答问题，然后将答案写到答题卡相应的位置上(请注意问题后的词数要求)
[1] Sooner or later everyone has to write something-a thank-you note, a report at a meeting, a complaint or an apology. If you have writing assignment(作业) in school, or if you still fear to put pen to paper, facing that empty page is almost as frightening as you are facing a tiger. How to write it? There is no mystery. Clear writing is just clear thinking. Here are some techniques for you.
[2] Thinking on paper
Sit down with a pencil and paper or at the computer screen and start outlining(概述，略述) what you want to say, why it is important, why it matters, and what its impact is on the reader. Just get the ideas down. The next step is to go back and put them in order.
[3] Writing first sentence
Try to make your first sentence catch the reader’s eyes, because ________, the reader is not going to read on. Get a good, clear lead sentence that summarizes your points and answers the reader’s question “What is in it for me?” if you can not do it in one sentence, then do it in two or three but keep them short.
[4] Remembering the reader
Short, simple words are better than long words. Short sentences are better than long sentences. Remember that the goal is to communicate, not to express yourselves. Most people are so devoted to what they want to say that they forget somebody else has to be able to read it. Too much information makes you lose readers before they get to the meat(实质) of what you want to say.
[5] Reading and rewriting
Read out what you have written loud, and listen for any awkward(笨拙的) sentences. All good writers read, then rewrite. Back off a little bit from what you are writing. It is an old standard, but if you can, write something and come back a day later.
小题1:What is the best title for the passage? (no more than 8 words)
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小题2:Which of the techniques do you think is the best for you? Why? (within 15 words)
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小题3:Fill in the blank in Paragraph 3 with proper words. (within 5 words)
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小题4:What’s the last step to write a better writing according to the passage? (within three words)
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小题5:What does the underlined word “it” (paragraph 2) probably refer to? (five words)
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阅读下面短文，并按照题目要求用英语问答问题（请注意问题后词数要求）。
Making friends can be difficult, especially these days with so many peer pressures. If you want to develop a more pleasing personality and make friends，become genuinely(真正地) interested in other people and show kindness. You may be wearing the latest designer label clothes，the hottest brand shoes and the coolest jewelry, but if you display sourness and selfishness you’ll have a battle ahead of you to make good friends.
Smile...smile and continue to smile. It costs nothing, enriches those who receive it, happens in a flash(闪烁)but the memory lasts forever；it creates happiness in the home and classroom. A smile can not be bought，begged or borrowed，it comes from the heart. If you want other people to like you, make the other persons feel important, and do it sincerely!
Choose your friends carefully. If others try to persuade you to smoke, take drugs, steal，gamble, fight etc...dare to say NO. Doing the wrong thing is the quickest way to lose friends，especially honest, good and upright friends.
Being mentally strong is not always easy but let me assure you that the more you practise it，the easier it becomes. Soon those who thought they were trendy will want to dress like you，talk like you and be with you because you have a personality which is different. People like being different! By being an individual with your own personality you can achieve the very best experiences in your life. You may not ever have many friends but let me tell you that it is better to have one good friend than ten dishonest friends who will stab you in the back at the very first opportunity that arises.
小题1:What prevents your from making good friends according to Paragraph 1? ( Within 3words)
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小题2:How do you make other people like you according to Paragraph 2? (within 6 words)
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小题3:Why shouldn’t you do the wrong things like stealing, taking drugs, fight, etc.? (within 8words)
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小题4:What makes other people imitate you? (within 5 words)
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小题5:What is the best title of this passage（within 4 words.）

阅读下面短文并回答问题，然后将答案写到答案纸相应的位置上(请注意题后的词数要求)。
[1]A new study has found evidence of aggressive behaVior in children who drink four or more servings of soft drinks every day．
[2]The mothers of 3，000 five-year-olds took part in the study．They were asked to keep a record of how many servings of soft drinks their children drank over a two-month period and keep records of how they behaved．The researchers found that 43 percent of the boys and girls drank at least one daily serving of soda．Four percent of the youngsters had four or more sodas to drink every day．
[3]Children who drank the most soda were more than two times likely to show signs of aggression．“For the children who consumed four or more  soft drinks per day，we see an association between aggressive behaviors, attention problems and withdrawn behaviors．”Shakira Suglia says．The aggressive behaviors included destroying possessions belonging to others，taking part in fights and physically attacking people.
[4]Shakira says the researchers identified the link after they considered the factors like the child’s age and sex．They also considered     ，such as whether the boys and girls were eating sweets or given fruit drinks on a normal day．In addition，the researchers examined parenting styles and other social conditions that might be taking place in the home.
[5]It is not quite clear why young children who drink a lot of soda have behavior pmblems．However，a substance oftell found in soft drinks is caffeine，which helps to make people feel energetic．Doctor Suglia suggests that caffeine could be causing the children to be more aggressive.
[6]The research is part of a larger study called the Fragile Families and Child Welibeing Study．It follows 5，000 poor mothers and their children in 20 American cities.
小题1:What is the main idea of the text?(no more than 10 words)
小题2:What does the underlined word“they’’in Paragraph 2 probably refer to?
小题3:List three aggressive behaviors according to the text．(no more than 10 words)
①
②
③
小题4:Fill in the blank in Paragraph 4 with proper words．(no more than 3 words)
小题5:Complete the following statement with one word from Paragraph 5．
People will often become      when they have some coffee，in which caffeine is the major chemical．

Directions: Read the following passage．Answer the．questions according to the information given in the passage．．
There is a famous expression in English: "Stop the world; I want to get off!" This expression refers to a feeling of panic, or stress that makes a person want to stop whatever they are doing, try to relax, and become calm again．"Stress" means pressure or tension．It is one of the most common causes of health problems in modern life．Too much stress results in physical． emotional and mental health problems．
There are numerous physical effects of stress．Stress can affect the heart．It can increase the pulse rate．make the heart miss beats, and can cause high blood pressure．Stress can affect the respiratory （与呼吸有关的） system．It can lead to asthma （哮喘）．It can cause a person to breathe too fast, resulting in a loss of important carbon dioxide．Stress can affect the stomach．It can cause stomach aches and problems digesting food．These are only a few examples of the wide range of illnesses and symptoms resulting from stress．
Emotions are also easily affected by stress．People suffering from stress often feel anxious．They may have panic attacks．They may feel tired all the time．When people are under stress．they often overreact to little problems．For example, a normally gentle parent under a lot of stress at work may yell at a child for dropping a glass of juice．Stress can make people angry．moody or nervous．
Long-term stress can lead to a variety of serious mental illnesses．Depression, an extreme feeling of sadness and hopelessness, can be the result of continued and increasing stress．Alcoholism and other addictions often develop as a result of overuse of alcohol or drugs to try to relieve stress．Eating disorders, such as anorexia （厌食）, are sometimes caused by stress and are often made worse by stress．If stress is allowed to continue, then one's mental health is put at risk．
It is obvious that stress is a serious problem．It attacks the body．It affects the emotions．Untreated, it may eventually result in mental illness．Stress has a great influence on the health and well-being of our bodies, our feelings, and our minds．So, reduce stress: stop the world and rest for a while．
小题1:According to the passage, what are the consequences of too much stress? （No more than 6     words）
小题2:Why do normally gentle parents sometimes shout at their children for small mistakes? （No more than 10 words）
小题3:List three parts of the body affected by stress in this passage．（No more than 6 words） 
小题4:What is the best title of the passage? （No more than 8 words）

If you’re looking for a new pet, don’t even think about Komodo dragons, which are the world’s largest lizards and can grow to be 10 feet long and weigh more than 300 pounds. Komodo dragons run fast and eat almost any kind of meat, including dead or live animals, other Komodo dragons and people. “ These things are powerful killing machines,” says Bryan Fry, a biologist.
If those reasons aren’t good enough, consider the bite of a Komodo dragon. According to a new study, it may kill prey like snakes by injecting venom. This chemical, according to Fry and his team of scientists at the University of Melbourne in Australia, can cause shock in the unlucky victim. A person or animal goes into shock when the body cannot offer enough blood to the organs to keep functioning. As a result, the body starts to shut down.
Scientists have only recently begun to understand why a Komodo dragon is so deadly. Some people used to believe that a Komodo dragon’s bite contained bacteria from the mouth that would cause a severe infection in the victim’s blood. The infection would finally kill the animal. Fry says that after being bitten by a Komodo dragon, animals usually die quickly.
After more studies, Fry and his team found that the Komodo dragon venom contained some of the same ingredients as snake venom. These ingredients thin the bolld and cause blood vessels to become larger. To test the venom, the scientists injected rats with it and observed that the rats became still.
Fry’s work show that Komodo dragons kill their prey with venom, and not by bacteria—and gives us another reason why we should avoid coming across them. That is easy to do, since they live only on a few islands in the tropical country of Indonesia.
(no more than 10 words)
小题1:The underlined word “ venom” in Paragraph 2 probably means _________________.
小题2:Why does a victim get into shock after being injected?
小题3:According to Fry and his team, how do the ingredients in Komodo dragons’ venom affect their victims?
小题4:“If you’re looking for a new pet, don’t even think about Komodo dragons.” What does the author mean by saying that?

阅读下面短文并回答问题。
[1] The air we breathe is so freely available that we take it for granted. Yet without it we could not survive more than a few minutes. For the most part, the same air is available to everyone, and everyone needs it. Some people use the air to sustain them while they sit around and feel sorry for themselves. Others breathe in the air and use the energy it provides to make a magnificent life for themselves.
[2] Opportunity is just the same. It is everywhere. Opportunity is so freely available that we take it for granted. Yet opportunity alone is not enough to create success. Opportunity must be seized and acted upon in order to have value. So many people are so anxious to “get in” on a “ground floor opportunity”, as if the opportunity will do all the work. That’s impossible.
[3] Just as                                   , you need opportunity to succeed. It takes more than just breathing in the fresh air of opportunity, however. You must make use of that opportunity.’’ That’s not up to the opportunity. That’s up to you. It doesn’t matter what “floor” the opportunity is on. What matters is what you do with it.   
小题1:What is the main idea of the passage? ( no more than 8 words)
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小题2:Complete the following statement with proper words. (no more than 6 words)
There are persons who live aimlessly breathing in air and                                         .
小题3:Fill in the blank in the third Paragraph with proper words or phrases to complete the sentence. ( no more than 6 words)
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小题4:According to the author, how should we use the air? ( no more than 15words)
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小题5: What does the word “It” (Line 5, Paragraph 3) probably refer to? ( no more than3 words)
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阅读下面短文并回答问题，然后将答案写到答题卡相应的位置上（请注意问题后的词数要求）。
（1） Everybody has to buy or sell things sometimes．Even students who are usually not very rich, have
to learn something about making purchases intelligently．As a student, you may find, for example, that
you need to buy a walkman or winter clothing．You may want to buy a television or a used car．Of course,
you want to get good value for your money．If you are considering a major purchase, or any purchase you
should remember several important things．
（2） Study first, and then decide what to buy．You can get enough information just by reading books
and advertisements．
（3） Remember that a high quality product will probably last longer and work better．Of course, for a
superior product you ______________．An inferior product may not give you the same quality,
but the price could be low．A poor quality product could be expensive and a valuable one could be on sale
at a greatly reduced price．
（4） Don't worry．Take your time．After you decide what product you want to buy, go to many
different stores．If you cannot find the product you want, you try to order it directly from the factory or
ask the store to order it for you．
（5） Look for a good deal．If you wait, you may probably find that your product will go on sale and
you may be able to save 10,20, or even 50 percent of the original price．
（6） Finally, before you buy, make sure that that product is guaranteed．If you find the lowest possible
price, you will generally be happy with your purchase and also keep more money in the bank．
小题1:What is the main idea of the passage? （no more than 8 words）
小题2:What should you care more while shopping? （no more than 5 words）
小题3:Fill in the blank in Paragraph 3 with proper words．（no more than 5 words）
Of course, for a superior product you
小题4:How can you get good value for your money? （list at least two things） （no more than 20 words）
小题5:What does‘the underlined’word“one"’refer to in paragraph 3？

阅读短文，并按照题目要求用英语回答问题。
Denielle Steel, America's sweetheart, is one of the hardest working women in the book business. Unlike other productive authors who write one book at a time, she can work on up to five. Her research comes before writing takes at least three years. Once she has fully studied her subjects, she can spend twenty hours nonstop at her desk.
Denielle Steel comes from New York and was sent to France for her education. After graduation, she worked in the public relations and advertising industries. Later she started a job as a writer which she was best fit for. Her achievements are unbelievable, 390 million copies of books in print, nearly fifty New York Times best-selling novels, and a series of “Max and Martha" picture books for children to help them deal with the real-life problem of death, new babies and new schools. Her book published in 1998 about the death of her was shot to the top of the New York Times best-selling list as soon as it came out. Twenty-eight of her books have been made into films. She is listed in the Guinness Books of World Records for one of her books being the Times best-seller for 381  weeks straight.
Not content with a big house, a loving family, and a view of the Golden Gate Bridge, Denielle Steel considers her readers to be the most important resource and has kept in touch with them by-email. While she is often compared to the heroines of her own invention, her life is undoubtedly much quieter. But if she does have anything in common with them, it is her strength of will and her inimitable  (独特的 )  style. There is only one, Denielle Steel!
小题1:What is the main idea of the passage? (No more than 10 words)
小题2:Please explain the underlined word "content" in English. (No more than 5 words)
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小题3:What may children know after they have read "Max and Martha" picture books? (No more   than 20 words)
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小题4:List at least three Danielle Steel's achievements in book business? (No more than 30 words)
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小题5:Why aid Danielle Steel value her readers a lot? (No more than 25 words)
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阅读表达（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）
Speaking English is not only about using proper grammar. To use English effectively, you need to understand the culture in which it is spoken. Here are a number of important tips to remember when speaking English in the United States.
General Points to Remember
Most Americans only speak English: while it is true that more and more Americans speak Spanish, most Americans           . Don’t expect them to understand your native language.
Americans have difficulties in understanding foreign accents: many Americans are not used to foreign accents. This requires patience from both of you!
Conversation Tips
Speak about locations: Americans love to talk about locations. When speaking to a stranger, ask him/her where he/she is from and then make a connection with that place. For example: “Oh, I have a friend who studied in Los Angeles. He says it’s beautiful place to live in.” Most Americans will then willingly talk about their experiences while living in or visiting that particular city or area.
Talk about sports: Americans love sports! However, they love American sports! When speaking about football, most Americans understand “American Football”, not soccer.
Addressing People
Use last names with people you do not know: address people using their titles (Mr, Ms, Dr) and their last names.
Always use “Ms” when addressing women: it is important to use “Ms” when addressing a woman. Only use “Mrs” when the woman has asked you to do so!
Public Behaviors
Always shake hands: Americans shake hands when greeting each other. This is true for both men and women. Other forms of greeting are generally not appreciated. Smoking is out! Smoking, ever in public places, is strongly disapproved of by most Americans in the modern United States.
小题1:What is the main idea of the text? (within 10 words)
                                                                                        
小题2:Fill in the blank of the text with proper words? (within 5words)
                                                                                     
小题3:What are the proper topics when speaking to a stranger in the United States? (within 3 words)
                                                                                    
小题4:When you meet an American woman Karen Smith for the first time, how do you address her? (within 2 words)
                                                                                        
小题5:What do Americans do when greeting each other? (within 6 words)
                                                                               

阅读下面短文，并按照题目要求用英语问答问题（请注意问题后词数要求）。
It was a beautiful, sunny Saturday. I was going to meet an old university friend I hadn't seen for years, and was really excited to hear all his news.
My train was running a little late, but that was no big problem—I could text him to say I would be delayed. He would understand. But… where was my mobile phone? I had that familiar sinking feeling. Yes, I'd forgotten it at home.
No mobile phone. I'm sure I'm not alone in feeling anxious, on edge and worried when I don't have my phone with me. In fact, I know I'm not alone: two-thirds of us experience 'nomophobia', the fear of being out of mobile phone contact.
That's according to a study from 2012 which surveyed 1,000 people in the UK about their relationship with mobile phones.
It says we check our mobile phones 34 times a day, that women are more 'nomophobic' than men, and that 18-24 year-olds are the most likely to suffer fear of being without their mobiles: 77% of them say they are unable to be apart from their phones for more than a few minutes.
It's funny to think that around 20 years ago the only people with mobile phones would be businesspeople carrying their large, plastic 'bricks'.
Of course, these days, mobile phones are everywhere. A UN study from this year said mobile phone subscriptions would outnumber people across the world by the end of 2014.
And when there are more phones than people in the world, maybe it's time to ask who really is in charge? Are you in control of your phone, or does your phone control you?
So, what happened with my university friend? When I arrived a few minutes late he just laughed and said: "You haven't changed at all—still always late!" And we had a great afternoon catching up, full of jokes and stories, with no interruptions and no nagging desire to check my phone.
Not having it, I felt strangely liberated. Maybe I'll leave it at home on purpose next time.
小题1:What will most people suffer from when they don’t have phones with them?( One word)
                                                                             
小题2:Who suffers most without their mobiles? (Within 5 words)
                                                                              
小题3:What was the situation like 20 years ago? (Within 5 words)
                                                                                 
小题4:When are there more phones than people in the world? (Within 5 words)
                                                                             
小题5:Why will the author leave his mobile at home on purpose next time? (Within 8 words)