Read the following passage．Answer the questions according to the information given in the passage and required words limit．Write your answers on your answer sheet.
Richard Wagner was a German musician who lived in the mid-19^th century．He gained fame by writing opera, a form of performance combining singing, music on instruments, and drama.
Wagner’s life and work have been very controversial(有争议的)．While he wrote excellent music, many people think his operas are too dark and serious, lacking tile fun common in operas written before his time.
Wagner, on the other hand, thought the opera of his time was too simple．He wanted to make opera a serious form of art that combined drama and music to tell deep stories that would have a strong effect on the audience.
Some people thought Wagner’s new kind of music was too different from the operas they were used to hearing．Wagner agreed with them．In fact, he didn’t call his works “operas” at all, using instead a German word that means “Musical Festival” or “Musical play”.
While many people today still do not like Wagner’s operas, they cannot deny that Wagner had a lot of influence on opera as a form of art．Wagner invented the tradition of turning off the lights before starting a play．He also was the first person to make the whole audience sit down for an entire play．Today, almost all operas are performed in this manner.
Wagner as a man was even more controversial than Wagner as a writer of music．He hated Jewish people, slept with his friends’ wives, and made many people angry, which we would today think of as evil．Some would say he was a good musician, while others would say that he was a bad musician．But it would be difficult to say he was not an important person in music and in the world.
81．What is the best word that describes Wagner? (no more than one word)
82．What does the underlined word “deep” in Para．3 mean? (no more than 3 words)
83．Why does the author say “Wagner as a man was even more controversial”? (no more than 15 words)
84．List two things that showed Wagner had a lot of influence on opera? (no more than 30 words)

阅读下面短文并回答问题, 然后将答案写到答题卡相应的位置上（请注意问题后的字数要求）。

2,4,6

Certainly dustmen prefer to be known as “Refuse Collection and Disposal Officers”. You may think that this is rather silly, and that it is better to call a spade. But dustmen can be just as sensitive as people of any other occupations, though we must admit that their job is not the most romantic one in the world. We often take dustmen for granted. Perhaps because they usually come very early in the morning, before most people are up, we are inclined to forget that they exist. Our dustbins are emptied regularly, but we rarely stop to think about the men who do this. However, it is one of the most important jobs in the world, and when there are no dustmen________, the general public soon becomes aware that something is wrong.

Recently, the dustmen of England went on strike for higher wages. During the first few days it was regarded as a joke. For some reason, jokes have always been made about dustmen, and some people thought this strike was very amusing. But when the first two weeks had passed, and the dustbins were overflowing in nearly every backyard in the country, the joke did not seem so funny any more. As the strike continued, people could not bear the accumulation of rubbish around their dustbins, and they looked for other places in which to get rid of it. Even when the strike was over, and the wages dispute had been settled, it took several weeks for the country to get cleaned up completely, as so much rubbish had accumulated. Perhaps now the English people appreciate the work of their dustmen rather more highly, and won’t take them for granted any more.
阅读表达（共5小题；每小题3分, 满分15分）
小题1:What is the main idea of the passage? (Please answer within 10 words. )
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小题2:Which sentence in the passage can be replaced by the following one?
We usually find the dustbins clean, but ignoring the doers.
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小题3: Please fill in the blank in the first paragraph with proper words or phrases to complete the sentence. (Please answer within 10 words. )
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小题4:How did the English people change their attitude to the dustmen? (Please answer within 30 words. )
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小题5:Translate the underlined sentence in the second paragraph into Chinese.
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阅读下面的短文，并根据短文后的要求答题。（请注意问题后的词数要求）
[1]The government employs many people to take care of our city. However, these professionals can not help out everyone by themselves. They need our help!
[2]Volunteering is something that really helps as individuals. Volunteering is when we regularly go and do nice things for other people. Volunteers may help out in local retirement homes, or in hospitals. Some volunteers work with poor people and other volunteers help teach orphaned children to read.
[3]Volunteering teaches mature thinking. Volunteering gives us a chance to stop complaining about our lives and realize exactly how lucky we are. We are able to see the people who really need the help. Volunteering also teaches more about the quality of being responsible for others and ourselves, the character of giving understanding and showing pity to others in trouble.
[4]Volunteering gives us a chance to our share of the work of making this society the best it possibly can be. It helps us feel good about ourselves when we can help those who rally need our help. When we can make somebody else feel special, it helps us remember what life is really about.
[5]There are many places that you can go to try volunteering. Here are a few places for you
◆Hospitals—You can go and visit people who are really sick. Sometimes all they need is someone who will talk with them, or someone
◆Orphanage—The children living here really need someone to play with them.
◆Food shelter—Many food shelters can really use more people willing to just organize the shelters and help distribute the food to those who need it.
◆Community center—Although a lot of community centers are well run, some of them can really          , especially with cleaning and with repairs.
◆Retirement home—Many of the elderly people living here have lived very fascinating lives. Lister to them.
Whatever you decide to do, just do the best you can. Remember that giving can be its own reward!
小题1:What’s the main idea of Paragraph 2?(no more than 10 words)
                                                  .
小题2:According to the underlined part of Paragraph 3, list three words that can summarize what volunteering can also teach us about.
①            ②            ③      
小题3:Which sentence in the passage is the closest in meaning to the following one?
We will understand the real meaning of life if we let others feel they are different.
                                                  
小题4:Fill in the blank with proper words(no more than 5 words)
                                                  
小题5:Please translate the underlined sentence in Paragraph 4.
                                                  

第二节 阅读简答（共3个小题，每小题2分，满分6分）
阅读下面短文，根据第70至第72小题的具体要求，简要回答问题。（共3个小题，每小题2分，满分6分）
The research found that female students were more faithful, less likely to miss lectures, and more likely to believe that their marks reflected their abilities than male students. Female students were also more likely to ask for and receive support from their professors.
Women were also more likely to choose their universities because they liked the courses offered.
In contrast, men were likely than women to miss lectures due to “other affairs” and “laziness”, and to believe that playing sports was an important part of university life.
Generally, people think that women’s success comes from more emphasis on coursework, but the research showed that female geographers at Brunel did better in their exams than in their coursework.
Dr Smith said, “ Most women feel that getting grades is the most important part of university life. They believe that they need to work harder in order to compete in the male-dominated environment they will encounter at work. Good grades are viewed as an ‘insurance policy’ for success. Men, on the other hand, prefer going out and playing sports to academic work.
“ This research shows how important it is to get all young people working hard and teach them the value of higher education,” he said.
70. What is the main purpose of the research? (Please answer within 15 words.)
71. Which sentence in the passage can be replaced by the following one?
Men would play rather than academic work. (Please answer within 12 words.)
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72. Please fill in the blank with proper words or phrases to complete the sentence according to the underlined words. (Please answer within 12 words.)
Most women think _________________________________________________________
in the competition against men.

第二节 简答题（共3小题；每小题2分，满分6分）
阅读下面的短文，并根据短文后的要求答题。（请注意问题后的字数要求）
Most young people enjoy some form of physical activity. It may be walking, cycling, or swimming, or in winter, skating or skiing. It may be a game of some form---football, basketball, hockey, golf or tennis. It may be mountaineering.
Those who have a passion for climbing high and difficult mountains are often looked upon with astonishment. Why are men and women willing to suffer cold and hardship, and to take risks（冒险） in high mountains? This astonishment is caused, probably, by the difference between mountaineering and other forms of activity to which men give their leisure（闲暇）.
Mountaineering is a sport and not a game. There are no man-made rules as others, as there are for such games as golf and football. There are, of course, rules of different kind which it would be dangerous to ignore（忽视）, but it is this freedom from man-made rules that makes mountaineering attractive to many people. Those who climb mountains are free to use their own methods.
If we compare mountaineering and other more familiar sports, we might think that one big difference is that mountaineering is not a “team game”. We should be mistaken in this. There are, it is true, no “matches” between “teams” of climbers, but when climbers are on a rock face linked by a rope on which their lives may depend, there is obviously teamwork.
The mountain climber knows that he may have to fight forces that are stronger and more powerful than man. He has to fight the forces of nature. His sport requires high mental and physical qualities.
A mountain climber continues to improve in skill year after year. A skier is probably past his best by the age of thirty. But it is not unusual for men of fifty or sixty to climb the highest mountains in the Alps. They may take more time than younger men, but they perhaps climb with more skill and less waste of effort, and they certainly experience equal enjoyment.
70.According to the passage, what movements are popular among people in winter?(回答不超过5个单词)
71.What is the best title (标题) for this passage ? (回答不超过4个单词)
72. When do climbers work like a team while climbing ?（回答不超过12个单词）

SECTION B (10 points)
Direction: Read the following passage and answer the questions according to the information you get in the passage and the required words limit.
Several years ago, Masaru Ibuka, the chairman of Sony, was at a company planning a meeting. Suddenly he had a brilliant idea. He stopped the meeting and asked everyone present what would happen if Sony removed the recording function and speaker and sold headphones(耳机) with a tape player instead. Almost everyone thought he was crazy. Still, Ibuka kept thinking about his idea and worked at refining it. The result, of course, turned out to be the wildly successful Sony Walkman.
Good ideas often start with a really silly question. Bill Bowerman was making breakfast one day. As he stood there making waffles(蛋奶烙饼)for his son, he wondered what would happen if he poured rubber into his waffle iron(蛋奶烙饼烤模).So, he tried and the result looked something like the bottom of most sports shoes we see today. Still, when he took this idea to several existing shoe companies he was literally(确实地)laughed at. In fact, every single company turned him down. Though rather disappointed, Bowerman was determined and went on to form his own company, making NIKE athletic shoes.
Sometimes good ideas grow out of frustration(挫败). When Fred Smith was a student at Yale University, he had some paperwork that he needed to have delivered across the country the next day. Smith was amazed to find out that overnight delivery(隔夜送货) was impossible. He sat for a long while wondering why. Why couldn’t there be reliable overnight mail delivery service? He decided to design one. Smith did just that and turned his design into a class project. His business professor thought it was not a good class project and gave him only a C. However, Smith refined the idea in that class project and eventually turned it into one of the first and most successful overnight mail services in the world——FedEx.
81. What did Masaru Ibuka’s idea turn out to be? （no more than 2 words）
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82. What did Fred Smith’s teacher think of his class project? （no more than 8 words）
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83. Nike athletic shoes came from Bill Bowerman’s idea of____________. （no more than 6 words）
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84. What is the main idea of the passage? （no more than 12 words）
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These days, Americans worry most about an economic recovery that President Obama calls "painfully slow". But on Saturday millions will remember the day al-Qaida terrorists flew airplanes into the World Trade Center in New York and the Pentagon in Washington. Another hijacked plane crashed in a field in Pennsylvania when passengers rebelled. Close to three thousand people died that day. Next year will be a big anniversary, ten years since the day Americans call 9-11.
But this September eleventh comes at an uneasy time. A large number of Americans say they oppose plans to build an Islamic center near the World Trade Center site in New York. This week attention centered on a Christian minister(基督教事工) with a small following in the state of Florida.
Reverend Terry Jones said he would mark the 9-11 anniversary by burning copies of the Quran(可兰经). He said he wanted to send a message to Islamic extremists. He said, "We are not hateful toward Muslims. We are not aiming this at Muslims, we are aiming this at Sharia law(伊斯兰教教法)."
Political and religious leaders around the world had condemned him. The plan even led the State Department to warn American travelers to avoid places where protests(抗议) might take place.
President Obama said burning Qurans could endanger American troops and invite more extremism. Defense Secretary Robert Gates called Mr. Jones on Thursday to urge him to reconsider.
Administration officials called the idea of burning Qurans "un-American." But they also agreed that it would be within constitutional rights, like protesters who burn American flags. The Constitution guarantees free speech and bars the government from restricting the practice of religion.
小题1:According to this news article how many things made this September 11 uneasy? (No more than 1 word)
小题2:What did the State Department think would happen after Reverend revealed his plan? (No more than 4 words)
小题3:How did the government prevent the situation becoming worse? (No more than 9 words)
小题4:Why couldn’t the US government forbid Reverend to burn Qurans? (No more than 7 words)

A mystery shopper is not a professional spy. Mystery shoppers are the secret eyes of service companies that need reliable judgment of their market competitiveness. However, earning an income as a mystery shopper is a legal job to assess the qualities of the service of a company, and help it grow and succeed. In other words, mystery shopping is about making truthful value judgment of the friendliness of the shopping environment, the helpfulness of the frontline stuff, the abilities of the shopping assistants, etc. You should be able not only to observe all these and make logical conclusions about your overall customer satisfaction, but also to remember details and watch out for particular signs. In the end, you will be asked to write down your impressions, either on paper or on line.
To be a successful mystery shopper, you need to meet some requirements. First you should feed the company that hires you with correct and reliable information about your shopping experience. Besides, you also need basic writing skills. You should write in a simple and understandable way, but still show both your overall impressions and the details you are asked about.
Don’t worry if you are a new mystery shopper—the company that hires you should provide you with instructions how to complete your shopping tasks. If the company does not provide you with prior(预先) training, you should doubt that it might be a mystery shopping test which you should be careful with. Therefore, you should always get instructions about the mystery shopping rules that you have to follow; about the things you should watch out for; about the way to fill in and present your response, etc.  Becoming an experienced mystery shopper pays well. As you’re likely to get more invitations, earn greater income, and be contracted by more mystery shopping companies.
Title  小题1:

Work	小题2: of a company	Friendly shopping environment
		Helpful frontline stuff
		小题3:
	小题4:about the overall customer satisfaction
	Remember details
	Write down your impressions
小题5:	Shopping experience
	小题6:
Ways	Be provided with prior training
	Be careful with 小题7:
	小题8:	They mystery shopping rules
		The things you should be careful with
		They way to fill in and present your response
小题9:	Get more invitations
	小题10:
	Get more employment opportunities

Scientists believe that conditions on Mars around 3.8 billion years ago were very similar to those of the early earth, when primitive organisms were spreading through our oceans. At that time, Mars would have been much warmer and wetter than it is today, with an atmosphere composed mainly of carbon dioxide, just like that of the earth at the time. Under these conditions, it is highly probable that life may have arisen on Mars as well.
But, even if life did not arise naturally on Mars, it does not mean that it could not have existed there. According to Professor Paul Davies of the University of Adelaide, Australia, life forms could have been transferred between the earth and Mars in wreckage (broke pieces) created by the impact of comet(彗星) and small planets on the surface of the two planets.
Even today, about 500 tons of material from Mars lands on earth every year. It is mainly in the form of the dust but occasionally a larger chunk(厚片，大块) strikes the earth. In 1911, a piece of Martian rock crashed in Egypt, killing a dog. According to Professor Davies, it is in these chunks of rock, which were much larger and more frequent in the past that life forms could have been transported from planet to planet.
“But how could these life forms have survived their journey through space?” says Paul Davies, “The difficulty in believing this theory is that a bacterium on its own in space has to struggle itself not only against cold but also against deadly cosmic (宇宙的) radiation. But wrapped in a rock the situation is different. A rock ten meters across would shield life inside it from a lot of radiation and the temperature might only be minus 10 or 20 degrees, the sort of thing we have on earth.”
小题1: Where do some scientists suppose life probably come from? (2’) (No more than 6 words)
小题2:What does Professor Paul Davies believe? (2’) (No more than 6 words)
小题3: Why could life survive when transferred from one planet to another? (3’) (No more than 12 words)
小题4: List at least two differences about Mars between the past and now. (3’) (No more than 16 words)

阅读下面的短文，并根据短文后的要求答题（请注意问题后的字数要求）。
Hope is actually something we create. It’s not something that magically appears from an outside source. Now more than ever, overcoming fear and holding onto hope are necessary and important. Trying these steps below will ___________             _______.
Be Kind to Yourself
Think about what you need most, and then do it. Is it a cup of tea, quiet music, a little rest, or reading inspirational literature? Whatever it is, grant yourself permission to do it, even for just a few minutes.
Create a Daily 5-Minute Silence Moment
Light a candle and reflect. Just silently reflecting in front of a lighted candle is extremely rewarding. This may be the one time of day when you feel connected to your own soul, and perhaps even something larger.
Treat Each Day Like a Precious Gift
What if today was the last day of your life? How would you want to live it? Ask yourself this question throughout the day. It will help you let go of the countless annoyances that tend to make most people lose balance.
Take a Break
Every day, take a 30-second break to look at the sky, breathe deeply and offer thanks. Let the sky be a sign of hope. Think of other people around the world as you look at the sky, and know that we all share this planet together. Among all of us, we have the ability to create solutions to the problems that now exist.
Express Love
Surprise a friend with a hug. Leave your partner small notes expressing thanks for kind acts. Doing all of this adds warmth and positive energy to our lives and the lives of people around us. It’s also very comforting both to the giver and receiver of each loving act.
小题1:Fill in the blank in Paragraph 1 with proper words. (Please answer within 5 words.)
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小题2: Which advice mentioned in the passage do you like best? Why?(Please answer within 15 words.) ___________________________________________________________________________
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小题3: What is the best title of the passage? (Please answer within 5 words.)
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小题4: Which sentence in the text is the closest in meaning to the following one?
It can help you get rid of much trouble which may lead most of us to a crash in motion.
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小题5:Translate the underlined sentence in the last paragraph into Chinese.
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