2009年高考阅读理解分析指导（七）

考点七 图形识别题

图形识别题旨在考查考生对图形、地图、插图或图表等形象化表现信息方式的识别能力。现以2001年全国卷B篇为例，分析如下：

Holidaymakers who are bored with baking beaches and overheated hotel rooms head for a big igloo. Swedish businessman Nile Bergqvist is delighted with his new hotel, the world’s first igloo hotel. Built in a small town in Lapland, it has been attracting lots of visitors, but soon the fun will be over.

In two weeks’ time Bergqvist’s ice creation (作品) will be nothing more than a pool of water.“We don’t see it as a big problem,”he says.“We just look forward to replacing it.”

Bergqvist built his first igloo in 1991 for an art exhibition. It was so successful that he designed the present one, which measures roughly 200 square meters. Six workmen spent more than eight weeks piling 1,000 tons of snow onto a wooden base; when the snow froze, the base was removed.“The only wooden thing we have left in the igloo is the front door,”he says.

After their stay, all visitors receive a survival certificate recording their success. With no windows, nowhere to hang clothes and temperatures below 0°C, it may seem more like a survival test than a relaxing (轻松的) hotel break.“It’s great fun,”Bergqvist explains,“as well as a good start in survival training.”

The popularity of the igloo is beyond doubt: it is now attracting tourists from all over the world. At least 800 people have stayed at the igloo this season even though there are only 10 rooms. “You can get a lot of people in,”explains Bergqvist.“The beds are three meters wide by two meters long, and can fit at least four at one time.”

63. Which of the four pictures below is the closest to the igloo hotel as described in the text?

A.            B.             C.               D.

解答此类试题应把握如下要领：

1. 要将文中的信息与图形信息有机地结合起来，图文互相参照、互相验证；

2. 要重点把握好文中方位介词及有关信息词；

3. 要注意比较选项中提供的各种图形的异同，并从中捕捉有效信息。

本篇文章共有5个自然段，274个单词，信息较丰富，但与雪屋旅店结构有关的信息主要在第三段中“…piling 1,000 tons of snow onto a wooden base; when the snow froze, the base was removed. “The only wooden thing we have left in the igloo is the front door,”he says.”和第四段中“With no windows…”。

分辨有效和无效信息与比较图形异同，这两个过程实质上是交叉进行的。判断信息是否有效，主要就是看它对于选定或排除答案是否有作用。如：本题B项不符合文意，因为它的墙壁上留有窗户；C项不符合文意，因为雪屋造好后未将底座移走；D项不符合文意，因为唯一的木门不见了。故答案为A。

考点十 指代关系题

在阅读英语文章时，对指代关系的理解往往至关重要。为避免重复上文而使行文更加流畅和简洁，作者非常频繁地使用人称代词、物主代词、关系代词等，如it, its, they, them, their, this, that, these, those, one, ones等，用来指代上文提到的人或物。

解答这类题，要注意代词的原则是就近指代，即代词指代在性(阴性或阳性)、数(单数或复数)、格(主格或宾格)、逻辑、意义、位置等方面与之接近的名词。

就位置而言，如上所述，代词所指代的名词通常在本句或其上句之中；就数而言，单数代词指代单数名词，复数代词指代复数名词，如：it 指代单数名词(单数可数名词或不可数名词)，也可指代一个句子；they指代复数名词主格；them指代复数名词宾格；one指代单数可数名词等。除了位置、性、数和格等方面的要求外，逻辑和意义也是衡量标准，也就是说，正确答案应该从意义上和逻辑上来说均通顺。有时，代词与指代的对象相隔较远，要认真查找；有时需要对前面提到的内容进行总结，才能得出代词所真正指代的内容。

常见的指代关系题的提问方式有：

1. What does the underlined word “it” refer to?

2. The underlined word “they” in the ... paragraph refers to ______.

3. The underlined word “...” in Paragraph ... refers to ______.

如：...

Tanni’s enduring success had been part motivation (动机), part preparation, “The training I do that enables me to be a good sprinter (短跑运动员), enables me to be good at a marathon too. I train 50 weeks of the year and that keeps me prepared for whatever distance I want to race… I am still competing at a very high level, but as I get older things get harder and I want to retire before I fall apart.”

Indeed Tanni retired finally after the Visa Paralympic World Cup in 2007. Her wish is to coach young athletes for Beijing 2008 Olympic Games. (2008福建卷 A篇)

58. The underlined word “that” in the 5^th paragraph refers to _____.

A. fifty weeks’ training          B. being a good sprinter

C. training almost every day      D. part motivation and part preparation

根据代词的就近指代原则，that指代其前的“I train 50 weeks of the year”这句话的内容，换用名词短语来表达就是：fifty weeks’ training of the year (一年之中50周的训练)，换言之，几乎每天都训练，所以答案是C。此题易误选A，注意“fifty weeks’ training”与“fifty weeks’ training of the year” 所表达的概念是不一样的，前者缺少限定范围，可指两年里的50周，也可指人一生中的50 周。