In 1955, a man named Raymond Kroc entered a partnership with two brothers named Mcdonald. They operated a popular restaurant in California which sold food that was easy to prepare and serve quickly. Hamburgers, French fries, and cold drinks were the main foods on the limited menu. Kroc opened similar eating places under the same name, “McDonald’s” and they were a quick success. He later took over the company and today it is one of the most famous and successful “fast-food” chains(连锁店) in America and the world.
Why was his idea so successful? Probably the most important reason was that his timing was right. In the 1950s, most married women stayed home to keep house and take care of their children. During the 1960s, the movement for equality(平等) between men and women and an economy(经济) that needed more families to have two money-earners resulted in many women returning to the workplace. This meant that they had less time and energy to do housework, so they depended more on fast-food restaurants.
Single parents also have little time to spend in the kitchen. People living alone because of divorce(离婚) or a preference for a “single lifestyle” also depend on this type of food, since cooking for one is often more trouble than it is worth.
Fast food is not part of the diet of all Americans. Another of the 1960s was called back-to-nature movement. More and more Americans based their diets on natural foods. This preference for natural foods continues to this day. These products can now be found not only in the special health food store but also in many supermarkets.
【小题1】The passage is mainly about ____.

A．how and why “McDonald’s” became successful

B．the effect social and economic changes have on people’s eating habits

C．why Americans prefer natural food

D．American eating habits

【小题2】Which of the following was NOT a reason for Raymond Kroc’s success?

A．His partnership with the McDonald brothers.

B．A changing economy.

C．The back-to-nature movement.

D．Women’s equality movement.

【小题3】We can infer from the passage that ____.

A．natural foods can also be found in McDonald’s

B．many married women in America returned to work in the 1960s

C．McDonald’s fast food is popular among the young

D．divorce caused people to change their eating habits

In 1955, a man named Raymond Kroc entered a partnership with two brothers named Mcdonald. They operated a popular restaurant in California which sold food that was easy to prepare and serve quickly. Hamburgers, French fries, and cold drinks were the main foods on the limited menu. Kroc opened similar eating places under the same name, “McDonald’s” and they were a quick success. He later took over the company and today it is one of the most famous and successful “fast-food” chains(连锁店) in America and the world.

Why was his idea so successful? Probably the most important reason was that his timing was right. In the 1950s, most married women stayed home to keep house and take care of their children. During the 1960s, the movement for equality(平等) between men and women and an economy(经济) that needed more families to have two money-earners resulted in many women returning to the workplace. This meant that they had less time and energy to do housework, so they depended more on fast-food restaurants.

Single parents also have little time to spend in the kitchen. People living alone because of divorce(离婚) or a preference for a “single lifestyle” also depend on this type of food, since cooking for one is often more trouble than it is worth.

Fast food is not part of the diet of all Americans. Another of the 1960s was called back-to-nature movement. More and more Americans based their diets on natural foods. This preference for natural foods continues to this day. These products can now be found not only in the special health food store but also in many supermarkets.

1.The passage is mainly about ____.

A．how and why “McDonald’s” became successful

B．the effect social and economic changes have on people’s eating habits

C．why Americans prefer natural food

D．American eating habits

2.Which of the following was NOT a reason for Raymond Kroc’s success?

A．His partnership with the McDonald brothers.

B．A changing economy.

C．The back-to-nature movement.

D．Women’s equality movement.

3.We can infer from the passage that ____.

A．natural foods can also be found in McDonald’s

B．many married women in America returned to work in the 1960s

C．McDonald’s fast food is popular among the young

D．divorce caused people to change their eating habits

 

We all enjoy the colors of autumn leaves. Did you ever wonder how and why a fall leaf changes color? Where do the yellows and oranges come from? To answer those questions, we first have to understand what leaves are and what they do.

      Leaves are nature's food factories. Plants take water from the ground through their roots. They take a gas called carbon dioxide from the air. Plants use sunlight to turn water and carbon dioxide into glucose, which is a kind of sugar. Plants use glucose as food for energy and as a building block for growing. The way plants turn water and carbon dioxide into sugar is called photosynthesis, which means " putting together with light. " A chemical called chlorophyll helps make photosynthesis happen. Chlorophyll is what gives plants their green color.

      As summer ends and autumn comes, the days get shorter and shorter. This is how the trees "know" to begin getting ready for winter.

      During winter, there is not enough light or water for photosynthesis. The trees will rest, and live off the food they stored during summer. They begin to shut down their food-making factories. The green chlorophyll disappears from the leaves. As the bright green fades away, we begin to see yellow and orange colors. Small a-mounts of these colors have been in the leaves all along. Covered up by the green chlorophyll, we just can't see them in summer.

     The bright reds and purples we see in leaves are made mostly in the fall. In some trees, like maples, glucose is trapped in the leaves after photosynthesis stops. Sunlight and the cool nights of autumn cause the leaves turn this glucose into a red color. The brown color of trees like oaks is made from wastes left in the leaves.

     It is the combination of all these things that make the beautiful colors we enjoy in the fall.

1.The writer asked two questions in the beginning in order to        .

    A. persuade readers to believe something

    B. introduce the topic of the passage

    C. get the readers excited

D. offer something to think over

2. Which of the following is True according to the passage?

    A. Trees don't change colours with seasons.

    B. Trees can still perform photosynthesis well in winter.

    C. Trees have colours like yellow and orange even in summer.

D. Trees don't need food in winter.

3.Photosynthesis is a way that ___________________________.

A. plants change water and carbon dioxide into sugar

B. plants turn water and carbon dioxide into sugar with the help of sunlight

C. plants use glucose as food for energy and growing

D. chlorophyll is a great help

4. Which is the best title for this passage?

    A. Colorful trees in autumn            B. Mysteries of tree colors

C. Do you enjoy tree colors?           D. Wonderful colors in autumn

 

What is the nature of the scientific attitude, the attitude of the man or woman who studies and applies physics, biology, chemistry, geology, engineering, medicine or any other science?

We all know that science plays an important role in our societies. However, many people believe that our progress depends on two different aspects of science. The first aspect is the application of the machines, products and systems of knowledge that scientists and technologists develop. The second is the application of the special methods of thought and action that scientists use in their work.

What are these special methods of thinking and acting? First of all, it seems that a successful scientist is curious - he wants to find out how and why the universe works. He usually pays attention to problems which he notices have no satisfying explanation, and looks for relationships even if the data available seem to be unconnected. Moreover, he thinks he can improve the existing conditions and enjoys trying to solve the problems which this involves.

He is a good observer, accurate, patient and objective（客观的） and uses the facts he observes to the fullest. For example, trained observers obtain a very large amount of information about a star mainly from the accurate analysis of the simple lines that appear in a spectrum（光谱）.

He does not accept statements which are not based on the most complete evidence available. He rejects authority as the only basis for truth. Scientists always check statements and make experiments carefully and objectively.

Furthermore, he does not readily accept his own idea, since he knows that man is the least reliable of scientific instruments and that a number of factors tend to disturb objective investigation.

Lastly, he is full of imagination since he often has to look for relationships in data which are not only complex but also frequently incomplete. Furthermore, he needs imagination if he wants to guess how processes work and how events take place.

These seem to be some of the ways in which a successful scientist or technologist thinks and acts.

1.Many people believe that science helps society to progress through ________.

A. knowledge                                         B. more than one aspect

C. technology                                         D. the use of machines

2.Which of the following statements about a curious scientist is TRUE?

A. He doesn’t find confidence and pleasure in work.

B. He makes efforts to investigate potential connections.

C. He is interested in problems that are explained.

D. He looks for new ways of acting.

3.According to the passage, a successful scientist would NOT ________.

A. easily believe in unchecked statements

B. easily criticize others’ research work

C. always use his imagination in work

D. always use evidence from observation

4.Which word can be used to describe the data that a good scientist uses?

A. complete         B. accurate           C. objective               D. complicated

5.What does the passage mainly discuss?

A. Application of technology

B. Progress in modem society.

C. Scientists’ ways of thinking and acting

D. How to become a successful scientist.

 

There are many types of reports.A report is simply an account of something that has happened.The commonest are news reports.We get them in newspapers，over radio and on television.Sometimes cinemas also show us newsreels.

The main purpose of a newspaper is to provide news.If you examine a newspaper closely，you will find that there are all types of news:accidents，floods，fires，wars，fashions(服装)，sports，books，etc.The news covers everything that happens to people and their surroundings.Sometimes there are news items which are very amusing.

A news report is usually very short，except when it is about something very important，but it contains(包含) a lot of information.It is also written in short paragraphs.The first paragraph is in fact a summary(总结) of the news item.It gives all the necessary information，what，when，where，how and why.The other paragraphs give full details of the subject.There may also be interviews with people.The words actually spoken by them are within inverted commas(引号).

Often there are photographs to go with the news to make it more interesting.

The easiest way to get today’s news is_________.

A.to go to the cinema                                B.to watch a color TV

C.to read today’s newspapers                      D.to listen to the music over radio

Newspapers sell well mainly because_________.

A.they cost very little

B.they are easy to get

C.they have got pictures to go with the news

D.they provide all sorts of news in them

This passage mainly talks about _________.

A.different types of reports

B.news reports

C.happenings to people and their surroundings

D.the length of a news reports