Are morning people born or made? In my case it was definitely made．In my early 20s, I rarely went to bed before midnight, and I would almost always get up late the next morning．

But after a while I couldn’t ignore the high relationship between success and rising early．On those rare occasions where I did get up early, I noticed that my productivity was almost always higher．So I set out to become a habitual early riser．But whenever my alarm went off, my first thought was always to stop that noise and go back to sleep．Eventually some sleep research showed me that I was using the wrong strategy．

The most common wrong strategy is this: You assume that if you’re going to get up earlier, you’d better go to bed earlier．It sounds very reasonable, but will usually fail.

There are two main schools(流派) of thought on sleep patterns．One is that you should go to bed and get up at the same time every day．The second school says you should go to bed when you’re tired and get up when you naturally wake up．However, I have found both of them are wrong if you care about productivity．If you sleep at set hours, you’ll sometimes go to bed when you aren’t sleepy enough．You’re wasting time lying in bed awake and not being asleep.

If your sleep is based on what your body tells you, you’ll probably be sleeping more than you need．Also, your mornings may be less predictable if you’re getting up at different times．

The solution for me has been to combine both methods．I go to bed when I’m sleepy and get up with an alarm clock at a fixed time．So I always get up at the same time (in my case 5 am), but I go to bed at different times every night — sometimes at 9:30pm, and other times at midnight．Most of the time I go to bed between 10-11 pm．

 However, going to bed only when I’m sleepy, and getting up at a fixed time every morning is my way．If you want to become an early riser, you can try your own.

According to the passage, the underlined phrase refers to ____.

      A．people who stay up until the next morning.

      B．people who get up early in the morning.

      C．people who feel sleepy in the morning.

      D．people whose productivity is the highest in the morning.

Why did the author want to become a habitual early riser?

      A．Because he / she wanted to form the habit of going to bed early and getting up early.

      B．Because he / she had found that his / her productivity was higher when he / she got up early.

      C．Because he / she wanted to see which of the two main schools of thought on sleep patterns was right.

      D．Because he / she was told the high relationship between success and rising early.

The author experienced all the following EXCEPT ____.

      A．going to bed after midnight．        

       B．getting up early occasionally.

      C．pressing off the alarm to go on sleeping.

      D．asking scholars for advice on sleeping habits.

The passage is mainly about ____。

      A．how to become an early riser．       

       B．how to have good sleep.

       C．wrong strategies for getting up early.

       D．main schools of thought on sleep patterns.

请认真阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该题涂黑。
There are a few memories from our childhood that will stay with us forever. A few that seemed so    36   at the time may cause us to smile years later.
One such memory is a phone call I    37   when I was about three or four years old. My mother had entered a contest on a local    38   show. Entrants（参加者）were to tell an interesting story about their    39  . Winners would receive a phone call from Mrs. Santa Claus（女圣诞老人）! Mrs. Claus would award（奖励） the lucky child free    40   of a local store.
Well, the call came. My mother talked to Mrs. Claus and then    41   the phone to me. I didn’t    42   the fact that many people were listening to our conversation. However, the fact that this lady had a    43   connection to Santa, that was important.
I didn’t know it yet, but my mother had    44   the attention of the contest judges by telling about the time I had    45   a wall with crayons（蜡笔）. Even I knew that this was not the kind of    46   that Santa would approve.
Suddenly, in a very pleasant tone（语气）of    47  , Mrs. Santa Claus asked me about my art work. I    48   that this lady was the real Mrs. Claus, not a radio station actress standing in for her.
I    49   down the phone and ran crying from the room. My crime（罪行）had not    50   unpunished. Santa would    51   know that I’d been bad!
It turned out that I did get a    52   present from the radio station and its sponsor（赞助商）. And I guess Santa didn’t find out about the wall. Maybe he did and was in a    53   mood. In any case, my Christmas presents did not    54   a piece of coal（煤）.
I wonder what Santa has in    55   for this year. Hopefully my wife hasn’t written Mrs. Claus any letters.

In 2003, Bethany Hamilton,13, lost her left arm to a shark attack while surfing off Kauai, Hawaii. A new film ,Soul Surfer, is based on the story of how she overcame that to achieve her dream of becoming a professional athlete.
Growing up on the “garden isle” of Kauai, Hamilton spent every minute she could riding the waves. She was on the verge of (即将) becoming a top competitor in professional surfing. But while she was practicing at an isolated cove (小湾)，a four-meter-long tiger shark ripped off her left arm. Though her life was saved, nobody could imagine she would ever get back on a surfboard again.
In a true test of her faith and by tremendous will power, Bethany did get back up on a surfboard only a month after the attack. Six months later, she was competing again. Bethany Hamilton won her first amateur surfing championship just two years after she lost her arm. She also established the “Friends of Bethany,” a non---profit foundation dedicated to supporting sharks attack victims.
It’s a story told in her autobiography, which is the basis for the film that stars teenager Anna Sophia Robb. “I knew Bethany’s story, of course, but I thought ‘What an incredible role’ ,”explains Robb. “I was so fascinated by all of the challenges. What would it be like to have your arm taken and what would go through your head and how would your faith be challenged?”
The filmmakers used special effects to digitally remove Robb’ s arm .However ,no tricks were necessary for the surfing scenes because Hamilton herself did the breathtaking wave riding.
Now 21, Hamilton says she hopes audiences find inspiration in the description of the sport she loves.
“Not a lot of people know that much about surfing, so I hope they’re educated about it,” Hamilton says. “And most of all if people are going through a hard time, they could be encouraged and find inspiration to push through those hard times and see that, in my case ,so much good has come out of it.”
【小题1】According to the passage, which of the following is NOT true?.

One day, Mr. Arnold was teaching a lesson, and things were going as normally as ever. He was explaining the story of mankind to his pupils. He told them that, in the beginning, men were nomads; they never stayed in the same place for very long. Instead, they would travel about, here and there, in search of food, wherever it was to be found. And when the food ran out, they would move off somewhere else.
He taught them about the invention of farming and keeping animals. This was an important discovery, because by learning to cultivate(耕作)the land, and care for animals, mankind would always have food steadily available. It also meant that people could remain living in one place, and this made it easier to set about tasks that would take a long while to complete, like building towns, cities, and all that were in them. All the children were listening attracted by this story, until Lucy jumped up:
“And if that was so important and improved everything so much, why are we nomads all over again, Mr. Arnold?”
Mr. Arnold didn’t know what to say. Lucy was a very intelligent girl. He knew that she lived with her parents in a house, so she must know that her family were not nomads; so what did she mean?
“We have all become nomads again,” continued Lucy, “The other day, outside the city, they were cutting the forest down. A while ago a fisherman told me how they fish. It’s the same with everyone: when there’s no more forest left the foresters go elsewhere, and when the fish run out the fishermen move on. That’s what the nomads did, isn’t it ?
The teacher nodded, thoughtfully. Really, Lucy was right Mankind had turned into nomads. Instead of looking after the land in a way that we could be sure it would keep supplying our needs, we kept developing it until the land was bare. And then off we would go to the next place! The class spent the rest of the afternoon talking about what they could do to show how to be more civilized.
The next day everyone attended class wearing a green T-shirt, with a message that said “I am not a nomad!”
And , from then on, they set about showing that indeed they were not. Every time they knew they needed something, they made sure that they would get it using care and control. If they needed wood or paper, they would make sure that they got the recycled kind. They ordered their fish from fish farms, making sure that the fish they received were not too young and too small. They only used animals that were well cared for, and brought up on farms.
And so, from their little town, those children managed to give up being nomads again, just as prehistoric men had done, so many thousands of years ago.
【小题1】From Paragraph 2, we can know that______ .

Facebook means never having to say goodbye． The social media website has earned a reputation for reconnecting old friends． Last week,  a guy whom I hadn't seen since my bachelor party five years ago sent me a friend request． I accepted and waited for "Easy E" to send me a greeting of some kind． He had sought me out,  after all．

 I learned from his profile that he was in a relationship and had a son． However,  I'm pretty sure we won't ever write wall-to-wall, let alone e-mail each other． But he'll remain a friend of' online until one of us makes a point of' removing the other from his official list．

My pool of friends consists of family members, college buddies, co-workers from past and present,  and friends of' friends． There are 35 in all． If I spent some time uploading old e-mail addresses, I'm confident that I could increase my friend count actually．

A person could make a mission out of' reconnecting with childhood friends, former classmates,  distant cousins, and those one would like to get to know better． And some people can  even handle hundreds of no-screen relationships, keeping up with the daily happenings of'  their small army of' companions． After all, there are worse fates than having too many friends．

Thanks to e-mail, the inability to schedule face-to-face meetings no longer means a friendship must come to a close． But even with e-mail,  people will lose touch if' one or both parties stop writing back． That's normal． People move from school to school,  job to job, city to city．You never have to feel guilty for breaking away．

Every day,the masterminds of' Web 2．0 find new ways of' making human communication easier． However, convenience can be a crutch （拐杖）． Some things shouldn't be simplified．When it comes to friendship,  there can be no shortcuts．

46．According to Paragraph l,  the website is famous because           ．

    A．it has an interesting name of'“ Facebook”

    B．it helps people get in touch with old friends

    C．it can send people a greeting of' some kind

    D．it reminds people of 'events in the past

47．From the second paragraph we can learn that the writer          ．

  A．would write to the friend quite often

  B．asked the friend to e-mail him

    C．did get some information about the friend

    D．would keep in touch with the friend forever

48．Which of 'the following statements is NOT true?

    A．There are 35 people in the author's list of' friends right now．

    B．The author communicates with all the 35 friends by e-mails．

    C．The list of'35 friends doesn't include the old e-mail addresses．

    D．It is not difficult for the author to increase his friend count．

49．What does the write mean by saying “However, convenience can be a crutch（拐杖）”?

    A．The masterminds of Web 2．0 also sell crutch online．

    B．Taking a crutch is a new way of' making friends online．

   C．Convenience is dangerous for human communication．

    D．Convenience is not really good for human communication．

50．What does the author think of' the convenience of' communicating online'?

    A．The technology could not keep true friendship forever．

   B．The social website of Facebook means nothing at all．

   C．There will be no ways of making real friends online．

    D．People will not lose friends with the help of' the Facebook．