E

The Heritage(遗产) at Risk programme aims to understand the overall state of England’s heritage by assessing each of its different elements. In particular we need to indentify those that are facing the greatest pressures and threats. We will use the information to work out how to reduce those pressures and in turn to calculate the resources needed to make our unique heritage of historic places safe.

You can search for sites on the register by entering a site name, location, street or educational block in the box below.

Conservation areas

A nationwide survey of conservation areas indicates that approximately 1 in 7 is at risk  from neglect(疏忽),decay(腐烂)or unpitying change.

Show your support for our campaign go save conservation areas from unavoidable decline and receive a free campaign pack by registering. There are some 9,300 conservation areas across England, meaning that we all live in or near to one or visit one regularly for work, shopping or rest. They are the element of England’s heritage that is all around us and which touches all of our lives. But until now no one had a clear idea what condition they were in.

Buildings

The task of assessing condition and risk started with buildings. Following a survey of all grades of listed buildings in London, English Heritage published in 1991 the first annual register of those at risk there.

The success of this London work led to the national buildings at risk strategy in 1998, and publication of a register of buildings at risk covering all grade I and II listed buildings and structural scheduled monuments in the country, at risk and vulnerable(易受伤害的).

Parks&Gardens

There are 1,600 entries on the current English heritage Register of Historic Parks and Gardens of Special Historic Interest. Sites at risk have typically been adversely(不利地) affected by development and neglect; often they have been changed by development and are faced with major change. Sometimes development beyond the boundary of a registered landscape can be just as harmful as construction within its boundaries; this is especially true that development would influence designed views that extend beyond the chosen site itself.

67.   The purpose of using the information to work out how to reduce pressures is to      .

A. assess each of English heritage’s different elements

B. identify those that are facing the greatest pressures and threats

C. calculate the resources needed to make heritage of historic sites safe

D. help you to search for sites at risk on the register

68. It can be inferred  from “Conservation areas” that conservation are as across England      .

A. are almost all at risk from neglect, decay or unpitying change

B. can be entered with a campaign pack free of charge

C. are in very close connection with our lives

D. are in whatever condition people are sure about

69. The text mainly talks about      .

A. English heritage at risk                      B. historic places of interest

C. English heritage register                     D. location of English heritage

70.According to the last paragraph, the bad effect development has on the sites at risk is that_____.

A. it has changed the sites at risk with no intention

B. it can sometimes cause harm beyond the registered boundaries

C. it would affect  the designed views instead of the chosen sites

D. it has neglected the local people of special historic interest

 

E

The Heritage(遗产) at Risk programme aims to understand the overall state of England’s heritage by assessing each of its different elements. In particular we need to indentify those that are facing the greatest pressures and threats. We will use the information to work out how to reduce those pressures and in turn to calculate the resources needed to make our unique heritage of historic places safe.

You can search for sites on the register by entering a site name, location, street or educational block in the box below.

Conservation areas

   A nationwide survey of conservation areas indicates that approximately 1 in 7 is at risk  from neglect(疏忽),decay(腐烂)or unpitying change.

   Show your support for our campaign go save conservation areas from unavoidable decline and receive a free campaign pack by registering. There are some 9,300 conservation areas across England, meaning that we all live in or near to one or visit one regularly for work, shopping or rest. They are the element of England’s heritage that is all around us and which touches all of our lives. But until now no one had a clear idea what condition they were in.

Buildings

The task of assessing condition and risk started with buildings. Following a survey of all grades of listed buildings in London, English Heritage published in 1991 the first annual register of those at risk there.

The success of this London work led to the national buildings at risk strategy in 1998, and publication of a register of buildings at risk covering all grade I and II listed buildings and structural scheduled monuments in the country, at risk and vulnerable(易受伤害的).

Parks&Gardens

There are 1,600 entries on the current English heritage Register of Historic Parks and Gardens of Special Historic Interest. Sites at risk have typically been adversely(不利地) affected by development and neglect; often they have been changed by development and are faced with major change. Sometimes development beyond the boundary of a registered landscape can be just as harmful as construction within its boundaries; this is especially true that development would influence designed views that extend beyond the chosen site itself.

67.   The purpose of using the information to work out how to reduce pressures is to      .

A. assess each of English heritage’s different elements

B. identify those that are facing the greatest pressures and threats

C. calculate the resources needed to make heritage of historic sites safe

D. help you to search for sites at risk on the register

68. It can be inferred  from “Conservation areas” that conservation are as across England      .

A. are almost all at risk from neglect, decay or unpitying change

B. can be entered with a campaign pack free of charge

C. are in very close connection with our lives

D. are in whatever condition people are sure about

69. The text mainly talks about      .

A. English heritage at risk                       B. historic places of interest

C. English heritage register                      D. location of English heritage

70.According to the last paragraph, the bad effect development has on the sites at risk is that_____.

A. it has changed the sites at risk with no intention

B. it can sometimes cause harm beyond the registered boundaries

C. it would affect  the designed views instead of the chosen sites

D. it has neglected the local people of special historic interest

The goal of earthquake prediction is to give early enough warning. The U.S. Geological Survey conducts and supports research on the likelihood of future earthquakes. Scientists estimate earthquake probabilities in two ways: by studying the history of large earthquakes in a special area and the rate at which strain（拉力）accumulates（积累）in the rock.

Scientists study the past frequency of large earthquakes in order to determine the future likelihood of similar large shocks. For example scientists researched the large earthquakes in the San Francisco Bay region during the 75 years between 1836 and 1911. For the next 68 years, no earthquakes of magnitude (震级) 6 or large occurred in the region. Beginning with a magnitude 6 shock in 1979, the earthquakes in the region increased dramatically; between 1979 and 1989, there were four magnitude 6 or greater earthquakes, including a magnitude 7.1 earthquake. So scientists estimated that the probability of a magnitude 6.8 or larger earthquake occurring during the next 30 years in the region is about 67 percent.

Another way to predict earthquakes is to study how fast strain accumulates. When plate movements build the strain in rocks to a critical level, like pulling a rubber band too tight, the rocks will suddenly break and slip to a new position. Scientists measure how much strain accumulates along a fault (断层) each year, how much time has passed since the last earthquake, and how much strain was released in the last earthquake. This information is used to calculate the time required for the accumulating strain to build to the level that results in an earthquake. This simple model is so complicated that such detailed information about faults is rare. In the United States, only the San Andreas Fault System has adequate records for using this prediction method.

Scientific understanding of earthquakes is of vital importance to the Nation. As the population increases, expanding urban development and construction encroach (侵蚀) upon areas susceptible(易受影响的) to earthquakes. With a greater understanding of the causes and effects of earthquakes, we may be able to reduce damage and loss of life from this destruction.

1.What does the passage mainly talk about?

A．What an earthquake is like.

B．How to predict earthquakes.

C．Where earthquakes often happen.

D．When a fault is formed.

2.That scientists study the history of large earthquakes in certain areas is to ultimately_________.

A．do research on the past frequency of large earthquakes

B．estimate the magnitude of similar earthquakes

C．forecast the possibilities of similar earthquakes

D．judge the specific location of future earthquakes

3.Which is TRUE according to the passage?

A．There were four magnitude 6 earthquakes in the San Francisco Bay region between1979 and1989.

B．The accumulating strain of the fault to a certain level results in the earthquake.

C．About 68 years after 1911, no earthquakes occurred in the San Francisco Bay region.

D．The fast increasing population on the earth is the main cause of the earthquake.

4.What is the critical factor of forming a fault?

A．The material of rocks.

B．The existing time span of the rocks.

C．The plate movements around the rocks.

D．The amount of strain released in the last earthquake.

5.According to the passage, we can know that the San Andreas Fault System____.

A．has a greater understanding of the causes and effects of earthquakes

B．stores much more information about the history of large earthquakes

C．offers the potential for doing research on the faults where strain accumulates

D．illustrates specifically how rocks along a fault are formed

 

For high school leavers starting out in the working world，it is very important to learn particular skills and practice how to behave in an interview or how to find all internship(实习)．In some countries，schools have programs to help students onto the path to work．In the Unites States，however，such programs are still few and far between．

Research shows that if high schools provide career-related courses，students are likely to get higher earnings in later years．The students are more likely to stay in school，graduate and go on to higher education．

In Germany，students as young as 13 and 14 are expected to do internships．German companies work with schools to make sure that young people get the education they need for future employment．

But in America, education reform programs focus on how well students do in exams instead of bringing them into contact with the working world．Harvard Education school professor Robert Schwartz has criticized education reformers for trying to place all graduates directly on the four-year college track．Schwartz argued that this approach leaves the country’s most vulnerable(易受影响的)kids with no jobs and no skills．

Schwartz believed that the best career programs encourage kids to go for higher education while also teaching them valuable practical skills at high school．James Madison High School in New York，for example，encourages students to choose classes on career—based courses．The school then helps them gain on—the-job experience in those fields while they’re still at high school．

However，even for teens whose schools encourage them to connect with work，the job market is daunting．In the US，unemployment rates for 16-to 19-year-olds are above 20 percent for the third summer in a row．

“The risk is that if teenagers miss out on the Summer job experience，they become part of this generation of teens who had trouble in landing a job，”said Michael，a researcher in the US.

1.In the author’s opinion, American high school leavers__________.

A．have enough career-related courses

B．need more career advice from their schools

C．perform better in exams than German students

D．can get higher earnings in later years

2.According to Robert Schwartz，_________.

A．there is no need for kids to go for higher education in the US

B．students should get contact with the working world at high school

C．education reform should focus on students’ performance in exams

D．teenagers in the US can’t miss out on the summer job experience

3.What can be inferred from the text?

A．Unemployment rates for US teenagers remain high at the moment.

B．Students with career—based courses never have problems finding a job.

C．US companies work with schools to prepare young people for future employment.

D．High school leavers with no practical skills can’t find a job absolutely

4.What’s the main idea of the text?

A．Arguments about recent US education reform.

B．Tips on finding jobs for high school leavers.

C．The lack of career—based courses in US high schools.

D．Advice for American high school leavers.

5.The underlined word “daunting” in Paragraph 6 most probably means___________.

A．discouraging	B．interesting
C．creative	D．unbearable