Dogs are social animals and without proper training, they will behave like wild animals. They will soil your house, destroy your belongings, bark excessively, fight other dogs and even bite you. Nearly all behavior problems are perfectly normal dog activities that occur at the wrong time or place or are directed at the wrong thing. The key to preventing or treating behavior problems is learning to teach the dog to redirect its normal behavior to outlets that are acceptable in the domestic setting.
　　One of the best things you can do for your dog and yourself is to train its obedience. Obedience training doesn’t solve all behavior problems, but it is the foundation for solving just about any problem. Training opens up a line of communication between you and your dog. Effective communication is necessary to instruct your dog about what you want it to do.
Training is also an easy way to establish the social rank order. When your dog obeys a simple request of “come here, sit,” it is showing obedience and respect for you. It is not necessary to establish yourself as top dog or leader of the pack（群）by using extreme measure. You can teach your dog its subordinate（从属的）role by teaching it to show submission to you. Most dogs love performing tricks for you to
pleasantly accept that you are in charge.
　　Training should be fun and rewarding for you and your dog. It can enrich your relationship and make living together more enjoyable. A well-trained dog is more confident and can more safely be allowed a greater amount of freedom than an untrained animal.
51. Behavior problems of dogs are believed to _______.
A. be just part of their nature
　 B. worsen in modern society
　 C. occur when they go wild
　 D. present a threat to the community
52. The primary purpose of obedience training is to _______.
　 A. teach the dog to perform clever tricks
　 B. make the dog aware of its owner’s authority
　 C. provide the dog with outlets for its wild behavior
　 D. enable the dog to regain its normal behavior
53. Effective communication between a dog and its owner is _______.
　 A. essential to solving the dog’s behavior problems
　 B. the foundation for dogs to perform tasks
　 C. a good way to teach the dog new tricks
　 D. an extreme measure in obedience training
54. Why do pet dogs love performing tricks for their masters?
　 A. To avoid being punished.
　 B. To show their affection for their masters.
　 C. To win leadership of the dog pack.
　 D. To show their willingness to obey.
55. When a dog has received effective obedience training, its owner _______.
　 A. can give the dog more rewards
　 B. will enjoy a better family life
　 C. can give the dog more freedom
　 D. will have more confidence in himself

Dogs are social animals and without proper training, they will behave like wild animals. They will soil your house, destroy your belongings, bark excessively, fight other dogs and even bite you. Nearly all behavior problems are perfectly normal dog activities that occur at the wrong time or place or are directed at the wrong thing. The key to preventing or treating behavior problems is learning to teach the dog to redirect its normal behavior to outlets that are acceptable in the domestic setting.

　　One of the best things you can do for your dog and yourself is to train its obedience. Obedience training doesn’t solve all behavior problems, but it is the foundation for solving just about any problem. Training opens up a line of communication between you and your dog. Effective communication is necessary to instruct your dog about what you want it to do.

Training is also an easy way to establish the social rank order. When your dog obeys a simple request of “come here, sit,” it is showing obedience and respect for you. It is not necessary to establish yourself as top dog or leader of the pack（群）by using extreme measure. You can teach your dog its subordinate（从属的）role by teaching it to show submission to you. Most dogs love performing tricks for you to

pleasantly accept that you are in charge.

　　Training should be fun and rewarding for you and your dog. It can enrich your relationship and make living together more enjoyable. A well-trained dog is more confident and can more safely be allowed a greater amount of freedom than an untrained animal.

51. Behavior problems of dogs are believed to _______.

A. be just part of their nature

　 B. worsen in modern society

　 C. occur when they go wild

　 D. present a threat to the community

52. The primary purpose of obedience training is to _______.

　 A. teach the dog to perform clever tricks

　 B. make the dog aware of its owner’s authority

　 C. provide the dog with outlets for its wild behavior

　 D. enable the dog to regain its normal behavior

53. Effective communication between a dog and its owner is _______.

　 A. essential to solving the dog’s behavior problems

　 B. the foundation for dogs to perform tasks

　 C. a good way to teach the dog new tricks

　 D. an extreme measure in obedience training

54. Why do pet dogs love performing tricks for their masters?

　 A. To avoid being punished.

　 B. To show their affection for their masters.

　 C. To win leadership of the dog pack.

　 D. To show their willingness to obey.

55. When a dog has received effective obedience training, its owner _______.

　 A. can give the dog more rewards

　 B. will enjoy a better family life

　 C. can give the dog more freedom

　 D. will have more confidence in himself

　 All police officers should be made to take a fitness test every year，with a pay cut for those who repeatedly fail，a review said.

　 In the Metropolitan Police，more than half（52 percent）of its men officers are overweight,a fifth (22 percent) are obese, and one in 100 are“morbidly（病态地）obese"．For women officers in the Met，a third（32 percent) are overweight，16 percent are obese and 2 percent are morbidly obese.

　 Tom Winsor，who has carried out the widest-ranging research of police pay and conditions in more than 30 years，said those who fail the test three times should face a pay cut.Chief constables(郡警察局局长）should be able to fire any officer as part of budget cuts，ending a job for life. It also recommended that applicants should be able to enter the police service directly at inspector rank，and，"after strict testing"，at superintendent(主管）rank.

　 Mr Winsor said：“I think the public will be surprised that after passing a fitness test when they join the police，physical fitness is not tested again in a 30，35-year career.＂

　 An initial(最初的）yearly test requiring officers to reach level 5’4 on the bleep test should be brought in by September next year. This is equal to an average speed of 8. 8kph（5．5mph) for three minutes 35 seconds，he said. But this should get tougher by September 2018，along similar lines to the test currently used in Northern Ireland. This includes climbing over walls and pulling bodies and was designed to reflect situations which“police officers do and can become involved in"．

　 Mr Winsor expected that many officers would welcome the proposals，saying they would see it“as a necessary protection for themselves and the public"．

68．According to the passage，most of the police officers　　　 ．

　 A. do their work well B. are out of shape

　 C. are relatively healthy D. take regular exercise

69．It is suggested that if they fail the fitness test three times．they should　　　

　 A. have their pay reduced B. have to be fired

　 C. have to do other jobs D. pay money as a guarantee

70．In order to cut the budget，Chief constables　　　 ．

　 A. try their best to make policeman a life-long career

　 B. must hire policemen after strict testing

　 C. have the right to fire those who are unfit for the job

　 D. recommend applicants become police directly at inspector rank

71．It is predicted that many officers would like the yearly test because　　　 ·

　 A. they would get healthier after the test

　 B. they could protect themselves and others

　 C. they would be able to get higher pay

　 D. they could practise rock climbing