Is losing weight as simple as doing a 15-minute writing exercise? In a new study, women who wrote about their most important values, like close relationships or religion, lost more weight over the next few months than women who didn't. "We have this need to feel self-integrity (正直,诚实）,” says Christine Logel of the University of Waterloo. "When something threatens your sense that you're a good person, like failing a test, we can buffer（缓冲） that self-integrity by reminding ourselves how much we love our children, for example".
For this study, the researchers recruited 45 female undergraduates, of whom 58% were overweight. Each woman was weighed, and was then given a list ofimportant values, like creativity, music or relationships with friends and family members. Each woman ranked the values in order of how important they were to her. Then half the women were told to write for 15 minutes about the value that was most important to her. The other half, a control group, were told to write about why a value far down on their list might be important to someone else.
The women came back months later to be weighed again. Women who had written about an important value lost an average of 3.41 pounds, while women in the control group gained an average of 2.76 pounds.
"How we feel about ourselves can have a big effect," Logel says. Maybe when one of the women who wrote about an important value went home that night, she felt good about herself and didn't eat to make herself feel better. Over a few months, that could make a real difference in her life,
【小题1】How can a 15-minute writing exercise ofimportant values affect people?

A．They will feel proud of themselves and gain weight gradually.

B．They may feel good about themselves and then eat less than usual.

C．They may continue writing and decide to become a professional writer.

D．They will never have meals at night to make themselves lose weight.

【小题2】What were the females required to do in the study?

A．Only the control group was given a list ofimportant values.

B．Both groups ranked the values in order of importance to them.

C．Each woman was weighed three times in the process of the study.

D．The overweight women wrote about the value most important to them.

【小题3】Which of the following persons may lose weight according to the new study?

A．Mary who wrote about her own adventure.

B．Catherine who described her illness in her writing.

C．Shirley who wrote how much she loved her children.

D．Alice who complained her boss in her diary.

【小题4】Which of the following might be the best title for the passage?

A．Writing Benefits Women a Lot

B．Losing Weight Is Very Simple

C．Writing Contributes to Losing Weight

D．Women Values Losing Weight

 (10·湖南B篇)

When Mary Moore began her high school in 1951, her mother told her, "Be sure and take a typing course so when this show business thing doesn't work out, you'll have something to rely on." Mary responded in typical teenage fashion. From that moment on, "the very last thing I ever thought about doing was taking a typing course," she recalls.

     The show business thing worked out, of course. In her career, Mary won many awards. Only recently, when she began to write Growing Up Again, did she regret ignoring her morn," I don't know how to use a computer," she admits.

     Unlike her 1995 autobiography, After All, her second book is less about life as an award-winning actress and more about living with diabetes (糖尿病). All the money from the book is intended for the Juvenile Diabetes Research Foundation (JDRF), an organization she serves as international chairman. "I felt there was a need for a book like this," she says." I didn't want to lecture, but I wanted other diabetics to know that things get better when we're self-controlled and do our part in managing the disease."

     But she hasn't always practiced what she teaches. In her book, she describes that awful day, almost 40 years ago, when she received two pieces of life-changing news. First, she had lost the baby she was carrying, and second, tests showed that she had diabetes. In a childlike act, she left the hospital and treated herself to a box of doughnuts (甜甜圈). Years would pass before she realized she had to grow u p ---again---and take control of her diabetes, not let it control her. Only then did she kick her three-pack-a-day cigarette habit, overcome her addiction to alcohol, and begin to follow a balanced diet.

     Although her disease has affected her eyesight and forced her to the sidelines of the dance floor, she refuses to fall into self-pity. "Everybody on earth can ask, 'why me?' about something or other," she insists. "It doesn't do any good. No one is immune (免疫的) to heartache, pain, and disappointments. Sometimes we can make things better by helping others. I've come to realize the importance of that as I've grown up this second time. I want to speak out and be as helpful as I can be."

61. Why did Mary feel regretful?

    A. She didn't achieve her ambition.

    B. She didn't take care of her mother.

C. She didn't complete her high school.

D. She didn't follow her mother's advice.                                                                           

62, We can know that before 1995 Mary        

    A. had two books published

B. received many career awards

C. knew how to use a computer

D. supported the JDRF by writing                                                                                     

 63. Mary's second book Growing Up Again is mainly about her         .

A. living with diabetes

    B. successful show business

C. service for an organization

D. remembrance of her mother                                                                                         

64. When Mary received the life-changing news, she         .

     A. lost control of herself                          B. began a balanced diet

C. Med to get a treatment                          D. behaved in an adult way                                

65. What can we know from the last paragraph?

     A. Mary feels pity for herself.

     B. Mary has recovered from her disease.

     C. Mary wants to help others as much as possible.

D. Mary determines to go back to the dance floor.                                                              

On June 17, 1774, the officials from Maryland and Virginia held a talk with the Indians of the Six Nations. The Indians were invited to send boys to William and Mary College. In a letter the next day they refused the offer as follows:

    We know that you have a high opinion of the kind of learning taught in your colleges, and that the costs of living of our young men, while with you, would be very expensive to you. We are sure that you mean to do us good by your proposal（提议）; and we thank you heartily. But you must know that different nations have different ways of looking at things, and you will therefore not be offended（冒犯） if our ideas of this kind of education happen not to be the same as yours. We have had some experience of it. Several of our young people were formerly brought up at the colleges of the northern provinces: they were taught all your sciences; but when they came back to us, they were bad manners, ignorant（无知的）of every means of living in the woods–they were totally good for nothing.

  　We are, however, not the less thankful by your kind offer, though we refuse to accept it; and, to show our grateful sense of it, if the gentlemen of Virginia will send us a dozen of their sons, we will take care of their education, teach them in all we know, and make men of them.

The tone(语气) of the letter as a whole is best described as________.

A. angry          B. pleasant            C. polite          D. ambitious

The Indian chief’s purpose of writing the letter seems to be to ____.

   A．politely refuse a friendly offer            B．express their opinions on equal treatment

   C．show their pride                D．describe Indian customs

According to the letter, the Indians believed that ____.

   A．it would be better for their boys to receive some schooling

   B．they were being insulted by the offer

   C．they knew more about science than the officials

   D．they had better way of educating young men

Different from the officials’ view of education, the Indians thought ____.

   A．young women should also be educated

   B．they had different goals of education

   C．they taught different branches of science

   D．they should teach the sons of the officials first

On June 17, 1774, the officials from Maryland and Virginia held a talk with the Indians of the Six Nations. The Indians were invited to send boys to William and Mary College. In a letter the next day they refused the offer as follows:
We know that you have a high opinion of the kind of learning taught in your colleges, and that the costs of living of our young men, while with you, would be very expensive to you. We are sure that you mean to do us good by your proposal（提议）; and we thank you heartily. But you must know that different nations have different ways of looking at things, and you will therefore not be offended（冒犯） if our ideas of this kind of education happen not to be the same as yours. We have had some experience of it. Several of our young people were formerly brought up at the colleges of the northern provinces: they were taught all your sciences; but when they came back to us, they were bad manners, ignorant（无知的）of every means of living in the woods–they were totally good for nothing.
　We are, however, not the less thankful by your kind offer, though we refuse to accept it; and, to show our grateful sense of it, if the gentlemen of Virginia will send us a dozen of their sons, we will take care of their education, teach them in all we know, and make men of them.
【小题1】The tone(语气) of the letter as a whole is best described as________.

A．angry

B．pleasant

C．polite

D．ambitious

【小题2】The Indian chief’s purpose of writing the letter seems to be to ____.

A．politely refuse a friendly offer	B．express their opinions on equal treatment
C．show their pride	D．describe Indian customs

【小题3】According to the letter, the Indians believed that ____.

A．it would be better for their boys to receive some schooling

B．they were being insulted by the offer

C．they knew more about science than the officials

D．they had better way of educating young men

【小题4】Different from the officials’ view of education, the Indians thought ____.

A．young women should also be educated

B．they had different goals of education

C．they taught different branches of science

D．they should teach the sons of the officials first

Getting rid of dirt, in the opinion of most people, is a good thing. However, there is nothing fixed about attitudes to dirt. 

In the early 16th century, people thought that dirt on the skin was a means to block out disease, as medical opinion had it that washing off dirt with hot water could open up the skin and let ills in. A particular danger was thought to lie in public baths. By 1538, the French king had closed the bath houses in his kingdom. So did the king of England in 1546. Thus began a long time when the rich and the poor in Europe lived with dirt in a friendly way. Henry IV, King of France, was famously dirty. Upon learning that a nobleman had taken a bath, the king ordered that, to avoid the attack of disease, the nobleman should not go out. 

Though the belief in the merit (优点) of dirt was long-lived, dirt has no longer been regarded as a nice neighbor ever since the 18th century. Scientifically speaking, cleaning away dirt is good to health. Clean water supply and hand washing are practical means of preventing disease. Yet, it seems that standards of cleanliness have moved beyond science since World War II. Advertisements repeatedly sell the idea: clothes need to be whiter than white, cloths ever softer, surfaces to shine. Has the hate for dirt, however, gone too far?

Attitudes to dirt still differ hugely nowadays. Many first-time parents nervously try to warn their children off touching dirt, which might be responsible for the spread of disease. On the contrary, Mary Ruebush, an American immunologist (免疫学家), encourages children to play in the dirt to build up a strong immune system. And the latter position is gaining some ground.

1.The kings of France and England in the 16th century closed bath houses because ________.

A. they lived healthily in a dirty environment.

B. they thought bath houses were too dirty to stay in

C. they believed disease could be spread in public baths

D. they considered bathing as the cause of skin disease

2.Which of the following best describes Henry IV's attitude to bathing?

A. Afraid.       B. Curious.          C. Approving.          D. Uninterested.

3.How does the passage mainly develop?

A. By providing examples.                B. By making comparisons (比较).

C. By following the order of time.      D. By following the order of importance.

4.What is the author's purpose in writing the passage?

A. To stress the role of dirt.                

B. To introduce the history of dirt.

C. To call attention to the danger of dirt.      

D. To present the change of views on dirt.