A four-year study of 200 college students found that those who drink heavily and started drinking at an early age demonstrate poor decision-making skills, just like long-term, chronic(长期的) alcoholics. Researchers at the University of Missouri-Columbia believe early onset binge drinking negatively affects psychological development.
The researches examined college students between the ages of 18 and 22. After three years, they tested them using the Iowa Gambling Test, which measures the tendency to make immediate (disadvantageous) or long-term (advantageous) choices.
Based on the students’ reported drinking habits, they were grouped into four categories: low binge drinkers, moderate binge drinkers, increasing binge drinkers and stable or high binge drinkers.
“Students in the stable or high alcohol use category, who had longer histories of binge drinking, made riskier and less advantageous choices, which reflect problems associated with planning for the future,” the researchers reported.
The study also found that only students who started binge drinking when they were younger showed impairment on the task.
“There is reason to think that heavy binge drinking during adolescence, when the brain is still rapidly developing, may have some negative legacy (遗传) on psychological development,” said Kenneth J. Sher of MU’s Midwest Alcoholism Research Center in a news release. “The interesting thing is that if we were to just look at binge drinkers and how impaired they are in the decision-making process as juniors, we’d really be obscuring(使模糊) the important issue, which is how long they’ve been binge drinkers and / or how early they started.”
【小题1】What does the passage mainly tell us?

A four-year study of 200 college students found that those who drink heavily and started drinking at an early age demonstrate poor decision-making skills, just like long-term, chronic(长期的) alcoholics. Researchers at the University of Missouri-Columbia believe early onset binge drinking negatively affects psychological development.

The researches examined college students between the ages of 18 and 22. After three years, they tested them using the Iowa Gambling Test, which measures the tendency to make immediate (disadvantageous) or long-term (advantageous) choices.

Based on the students’ reported drinking habits, they were grouped into four categories: low binge drinkers, moderate binge drinkers, increasing binge drinkers and stable or high binge drinkers.

“Students in the stable or high alcohol use category, who had longer histories of binge drinking, made riskier and less advantageous choices, which reflect problems associated with planning for the future,” the researchers reported.

The study also found that only students who started binge drinking when they were younger showed impairment on the task.

“There is reason to think that heavy binge drinking during adolescence, when the brain is still rapidly developing, may have some negative legacy (遗传) on psychological development,” said Kenneth J. Sher of MU’s Midwest Alcoholism Research Center in a news release. “The interesting thing is that if we were to just look at binge drinkers and how impaired they are in the decision-making process as juniors, we’d really be obscuring(使模糊) the important issue, which is how long they’ve been binge drinkers and / or how early they started.”

1.What does the passage mainly tell us?

A．Four categories of heavy drinkers.

B．Heavy drinking affects college students.

C．Early onset binge drinkers are poor at decision-making.

D．People drinking at an early age will develop into binge drinkers.

2.Which category would make the most disadvantageous choice?

A．Low binge drinkers                      B．moderate binge drinkers

C．Increasing binge drinkers                 D．Stable binge drinkers

3.Early onset binge drinking negatively affects psychological development because _______.

A．adolescent students were not suitable for drinking

B．drinking too much will slow the growth of the brain

C．the brain has not fully developed during adolescence

D．drinking will make the students make dangerous choices

4.What Kenneth J. Sher says suggests that _______.

A．he is quite clear about what the important issue is

B．if binger drinkers started late, there would be no bad effect

C．the important issue is how impaired the students are in decision-making

D．only early binge drinkers will have their decision-making ability affected

　What is quoted from famous people in history always encourages us in our work, our studies and our life．

　First, just have a look at what David J． Firestone, whom few Chinese 1 , has got to say about Lei Feng, who 2 famous in China ever since 1963 ---- ：“．．． the 3 of Lei Feng typified to the Chinese people were 4 ： 5 soldier --- American or Chinese, Egyptian or Russian---- could 6 the virtues of patriotism, bravery, loyalty, and humility． Now 7 then these ideas transcend 8 boundaries ;they are 9 of a larger bond between soldiers of different national and cultural backgrounds ． This is 10 the posters were on the walls 11 West Point ． ”

　Which is more important, words or deeds ? The answer can be 12 in a quotation from William Shakespeare 13 follows ： “Action is 14 ．”

John F． Kennedy, 35th president of the U． S．A． , once stressed ： “My fellow Americans, 15 what your country can do for you;ask 16 you can do for your country ． ”

　Martin Luther , the famous German leader of religion reformation , said： “ 17 that is done in the world is done by hope ．”

　Talking about the value of life, D． H． Lawrence said： “Life is ours to 18 , not 19 ．”

　Ralph Waldo Emerson, a 19th century American writer, pointed out： “Nothing great was 20 achieved without enthusiasm ．”

1．A．know B．know of C．Are aware of D．Are familiar with

2．A．has been B．was C．is D． had been

3．A．prices B．praises C．prizes D． values

4．A．unity B．universal C．universe D． university

5．A．A B．the C．Any D． some

6．A．Appreciate B．know C．realize D． thank

7．A．like B．As C．As if D．As though

8．A．nature B．natural C．nation D． national

9．A．part B．Any part C．the part D． some part

10．A．how B．why C．when D． where　　

11．A．At B．on C．to the D． within

12．A．found B．discovered C．described D． searched for

13．A．As B．that C．which D． what

14．A．eloquence B．eloquent C．eloquences　　D． eloquently

15．A．better not ask B．had better ask C．Ask not D． not ask

16．A．how B．what C．who D． why

17．A．Everything B．Nothing C．Something D． The thing

18．A．spend B．be spent C．be spending D． have been spent

19．A．save B．be saved C．be saving　　D． have been saved

20．A．ever B．even　　 C．yet　　　　D． never