题目列表(包括答案和解析)
The food we eat seems to have profound effects on our health. Although science has made enormous steps in making food more fit to eat, it has, at the same time, made many foods unfit to eat. Some research has shown that perhaps eighty percent of all human illnesses relate to diet and forty percent of cancer relates to the diet as well, especially cancer of the colon. Different cultures are more likely to cause certain different illnesses because of the food that is characteristic in these cultures.
That food is connected with illness is not a new discovery. In 1945, about 35 years ago, government researchers realized that nitrates, commonly used to preserve color in meats, and other food additives, caused cancer. Yet, these carcinogenic additives remain in our food, and it becomes more difficult all the time to know which things on the packaging labels of processed food are helpful or harmful. The additives which we eat are not all so direct. Farmers often give penicillin to beef and living animals, and because of this, penicillin has been found in the milk of treated cow. Sometimes similar drugs are given to animals not for medical purposes, but for financial reasons. The farmers are simply trying to fatten the animals in order to obtain a higher price on the market. Although the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has tried repeatedly to control these procedures, the practices continue.
What is the best possible title of the passage?
A. Drug and Food B. Cancer and Health
C. Food and Health D. Health and Drug
Which of the following statements is NOT true?
A. Drugs are always given to animals for medical reasons.
B. Some of the additives in our food are added to the food itself and some are
given to the living animals.
C. Researchers have known about the potential dangers of food additives for over
thirty-five years.
D. Food may cause forty percent of cancer in world.
How has science done something harmful to mankind?
A. Because of science, diseases caused by polluted food haven’t been virtually
eliminated.
B. It has caused a lack of information concerning the value of food.
C. Because of the application of science, some potentially harmful substances
have been added to food.
D. The scientists have preserved the color of meat, but not of vegetables.
What are nitrates used for?
A. They preserve flavor in packaged foods.
B. They preserve the color of meats.
C. They are the objects of research.
The word ‘carcinogenic’ most nearly means ‘_________’.
A. trouble-making B. color-maintaining
C. money-making D .cancer-causing
Many families in the United States observe National Grandparents Day on the first Sunday of September after America’s Labor Day. People often 36 their parents on this day.
Many people 37 the day through a lot of activities such as gift-giving and card giving. Some children 38 their grandparents to school for a day where they take special lessons. Some students 39 storytelling activities that relate to their grandparents, as well as picture or music competitions where children use a story about their grandparents in their 40 .
About four million greeting cards are 41 within the United States each year on National Grandparents Day. This day is also a 42 for people to appreciate and express their 43 to their grandparents through 44 actions such as making a phone call and inviting their grandparents for dinner. People living in nursing homes may 45 a visit from their grandchildren.
National Grandparents Day has more than one 46 . Some people consider it to have been first proposed by Michael Goldgar in the 1970s after he visited his aunt in an Atlanta nursing home. Others 47 Marian Lucille Herndon McQuade to have been the main 48 of National Grandparents Day. Throughout the 1970s McQuade worked hard to 49 people about the important contributions senior citizens made and the contributions that they would be willing to make 50 asked. She also urged(强烈要求) people to take good care of a grandparent, not for one day a year and not for material giving, 51 for a lifetime of experience.
National Grandparents Day was 52 signed into law by President Jimmy Carter in 1978. Marian McQuade received a phone call from the White House to 53 her of this event. Many people believe that National Grandparents Day was inspired by her 54 . A presidential proclamation(声明) on September 6, 1979 made this day 55 .
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The average person learns most of the 30 000～40 000 words whose meanings he or she recognizes by hearing them or getting familiar with them in the context or simply absorbing them without conscious(意识到的) effort. The best way to build a good vocabulary, therefore, is to read a great deal and to participate in a lot of good talks. There are relatively few words that we learn permanently(永久的)by purposefully referring to dictionaries or keeping word lists. However, even those extra few are of value, and no one will make a mistake by working on developing a larger vocabulary. Here are some suggestions of how to do it.
Read plenty of good books. When you come across a new word, or a new meaning of an old word, stop and see if you can understand it from its context. If you can't, and if you can manage without interrupting the thought of the book too much, look it up in a dictionary or ask somebody and then repeat its meaning to yourself a couple of times. If you are really conscientious(认真的), write the word and its meaning in a personal vocabulary list — preferably using it in a sentence, or you can keep a special vocabulary notebook. Go over the list from time to time. Further, try to use a new word in writing or conversation a few times over the next several days.
Listen to good talks and be alert to new words you hear or to new meanings of words you already know. Then treat them just as you treat the new words you read.
Learn and be alert to the parts of words: prefixes, suffixes and roots. Knowing them enables you to make intelligent guesses about the meaning of words.
If you are studying a foreign language, be alert to words in that language which relate to words in English. English has inherited(继承) or borrowed much of its vocabulary of 500 000～600 000 words from Latin, Greek, French, Spanish and German.
When you meet a new word in reading, what should you do?
A. Guess its meaning. B. Ask somebody.
C. Look it up in a dictionary. D. All of the above.
According to this passage, the best way to build a good vocabulary is _______.
A. to remember a lot B. to read a great deal
C. to take part in a lot of good talks D. both B and C
The phrase “be alert to” in the third paragraph may best be replaced by “_______”.
A. look at B. pay attention to
C. write down D. learn by heart
In the fourth paragraph, the word “them” refers to _______.
A. the parts of words B. prefixes
C. suffixes D. roots
Many immigrants(移民) to the United States find the decision to seek better lives for their families in America can have an unexpected and tragic consequence(后果). Deep differences with their children develop over language and culture.
“Many immigrants arrive here without much education. Their kids soon gain language skills and also street marts(耍时髦) on how to live in America, leaving the parents at a disadvantage,” Ileana , Roses, pastor of a Methodist church group operating in Virginia, said.
“Not only that but they find they cannot relate to children who quickly absorb American culture,” she said.
According to the US Census Bureau(人口调查局), the number of foreign born or first generation Americans reached 55 million last year, a record one in five of the total population.
A government survey of 922 immigrants in 2000 found that nearly 40 percent of those who had been in the United States for more than 15 years would still like to take English classes if they had the time.
Two thirds of low income households depended on their children for translation.
Psychologists(心理学家) and sociologists say parents can lose their position of authority(权威) in a family as a result and the effects of that can be far-reaching.
Children exposed to American pop culture that glorifies(颂扬) youth and sexuality(性感) often rebel when their parents try to impose the conservative values they brought with them.
“Americanization erodes(侵蚀) all important aspects of parenting,” said Richard Weissbourd, who teaches education at Harvard University.
“I feel a part of me is dying with my children. They don’t listen to my music. I have to play it on Sunday morning when they are not around,” said an immigrant.
1. What troubles the immigrant parents most is ___________.
A. that they can’t understand the English language
B. that they lose their position of authority in their families
C. that their children have lost sense of their own national values
D. how they can master the English language as soon as possible
2. From the passage we can infer that the population of the states at present is about____.
A. 275 million B. 220 million C. 255 million D. smaller than 250 million
3. Which of the following is true according to the passage?
A. All the immigrants had expected the troubles they would meet before they went to the US.
B. Two thirds of immigrant families are low income households.
C. American culture shows a spirit against conservative social and cultural values.
D. American pop culture puts the immigrant families at a disadvantage.
4. Which of the following is probably the title of the report?
A. The Result of the US Census
B. The Differences Between Parents and Children in the US
C. The Troubles of the American Immigrants
D. Role Reversal(颠倒) Troubles Many Parents and Children
Do you know how it is when you see someone yawn and you start yawning too? Or how hard it is to be among people laughing and not laugh yourself? Well, apparently it's because we have mirror neurons (神经元）in our brains.
Put simply, the existence of mirror neurons suggests that every time we see someone else do something, our brains imitate (模仿)it，whether or not we actually perform the same action. This explains a great deal about how we learn to smile, talk, walk, dance or play sports. But the idea goes further： mirror neurons not only appear to explain physical actions y they also tell us that there is a biological basis for the way we understand other people.
Mirror neurons can undoubtedly be found all over our brains, but especially in the areas which relate to our ability to use languages, and to understand how other people feel. Researchers have found that mirror neurons relate strongly to language. A group of researchers discovered that if they gave people sentences to listen to (for example: “The hand took hold of the ball”), the same mirror neurons were triggered as when the action was actually performed (in this example, actually taking hold of a ball).
Any problems with mirror neurons may well result in problems with behavior. Much research suggests that people with social and behavioral problems have mirror neurons which are not fully functioning. However, it is not yet known exactly how these discoveries might help find treatments for social disorders.
Research into mirror neurons seems to provide us with ever more information concerning how humans behave and interact(互动）.Indeed, it may turn out to be the equivalent (相等物）for neuroscience of what Einstein's theory of relativity was for physics. And the next time you feel the urge to cough in the cinema when someone else does---well, perhaps you'll understand why.
【小题1】Mirror neurons can explain .
| A． why we cry when we are hurt |
| B．why we cough when we suffer from a cold |
| C． why we smile when we see someone else smile |
| D． why we yawn when we see someone else stay up late |
| A．set off | B．cut off | C．built up | D．broken up |
| A． relate to human behavior and interaction |
| B．control human physical actions and feelings |
| C． result in bad behavior and social disorders |
| D． determine our knowledge and language abilities |
| A． Ways to find mirror neurons. |
| B．Problems of mirror neurons. |
| C．Existence of mirror neurons. |
| D． Functions of mirror neurons. |
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