Psychology(心理学) is the study of the mind and mental activities. For example, psychologists are interested in why some things make you sad, but others make you happy. They want to know why some people are shy, but others are quite talkative. They want to know why people do the thing that they do. They also test intelligence.

Psychologists deal with the mind and behavior of people. Your mind consists of all your feelings, thoughts and ideas. It is the result of one part of the brain called the cerebrum (大脑). Your behavior is the way you act or conduct yourself. Examples of behavior include shouting, crying, laughing and sleeping.

Several people have been instrumental in the field of psychology. Whihelm Wundt set up the first psychological laboratory in Leipzig, Germany, in 1879. Ivan Pavlov, a Russian, is noted for his experiments with dogs in which he studies their reflexes(反射) and reactions. Around 1900, Sigmund Freud, stated his theory that people try to repress (control, hide)memories or thoughts that they believe were not good.

Psychologists should not be confused with psychiatrists who deal with mental illness. They are medical doctors who treat people.

This passage is mainly about__________.

A. studying the mind

B. memories and people

C. famous psychologists

D. the study of mental illness

We may learn from the passage that psychiatrists __________.

A. study physical illness only

B. study people' s mind and behavior

C. are not medical doctors

D. mainly treat mental disease

According to the passage, Sigmund Freud stated that __________.

A. Pavlov's experiments with dogs were successful

B. people make an effort to hold back unhappy memories

C. psychiatrists should work closely with psychologists

D. people should learn something about psychology

 -- Your spoken Russian is so good. Have you been abroad?

   -- Yes. I ______ in Russia for two years.

A. stay                                   B. stayed                               C. had stayed                       D. have stayed

Russian is ________ difficult language for us to learn．

1. A.
   rather
2. B.
   quite a
3. C.
   a quite
4. D.
   too