We now think of chocolate as sweet, but once it was bitter. We think of it as a candy, but once it was a medicine. Today, chocolate can be a hot drink, a frozen dessert, or just a snack. Sometimes it’s an ingredient(配料) in the main course of a meal. Mexicans make a hot chocolate sauce called mole and pour it over chicken. The Mexicans also eat chocolate with spices like chili peppers.
Chocolate is a product of the tropical cacao tree. The beans taste so bitter that even the monkeys say “Ugh!” and run away. Workers must first dry and then roast the beans. This removes the bitter taste.
The word “chocolate” comes from a Mayan word. The Mayas were an ancient people who once lived in Mexico. They valued the cacao tree. Some used the beans for money, while others crushed them to make a drink.
When the Spaniards came to Mexico in the sixteenth century, they started drinking cacao too. Because the drink was strong and bitter, they thought it was a medicine. No one had the idea of adding sugar. The Spaniards took some beans back to Europe and opened cafes. Wealthy people drank cacao and said it was good for the digestion.
In the 1800s, the owner of a chocolate factory in England discovered that sugar removed the bitter taste of cacao. It quickly became a cheap and popular drink. Soon afterwards, a factory made the first solid block of sweetened chocolate. Later on, another factory mixed milk and chocolate together. People liked the taste of milk chocolate even better.
Besides the chocolate candy bar, one of the most popular American snacks is the chocolate chip cookie. Favorite desserts are chocolate cream pie and, of course, an ice cream sundae with hot fudge sauce.
【小题1】It was ________that discovered sugar could remove the bitter taste of cacao.

A．The workers in the chocolate factory	B．The Spaniards
C．The people in England	D．The owner of a chocolate factory

【小题2】According to the passage which of the following statements is true?

A．Nobody had the idea of adding sugar until the sixteenth century.

B．The word “chocolate” comes from a Mexican word.

C．The beans taste so bitter that even the monkeys like them.

D．Workers must dry and roast the beans to remove the bitter taste.

【小题3】The Spaniards think that cacao was a medicine because________

A．it was strong and bitter.	B．it was good for digestion.
C．it cured man’s diseases.	D．it was a kind of drink for good health.

【小题4】Which is the right time order of the events regarding chocolate?
a. Chocolate became a cheap and popular drink in England.
b. A factory made the first solid block of sweetened chocolate.
c. The Spaniards started drinking cacao.
d. It was found that sugar removed the bitter taste of cacao.
e. A factory mixed milk and chocolate together.

A．a-b-c-d-e

B．c-d-e-b-a

C．c-d-a-b-e

D．c-d-b-e-a

【小题5】It can be inferred from the passage that ________.

A．chocolate can be a hot drink, a frozen dessert, or a candy bar

B．Mexicans like chocolate very much

C．chocolate is a product of the cacao tree

D．people liked the taste of chocolate mixed with milk

Dahlia was running around the house screaming and crying. “I hate her! I hate her! I will __36__   play with her again!” Finally, her steps slowed,  __37__  she told her father what had happened. He listened attentively.   __38__   she stopped, he asked, “Is there __39__  else?” Dahlia added more details and began  __40__  bitterly again. Father was listening. When Dahlia   __41__  talking, he said, “It must __42__ you to be made fun of like this by your best friend Tina.” Dahlia  __43__  her father’s embrace（拥抱）and support as she cried  __44__  more in his arms. Then as  __45__   as the storm of tears began, she was finished. She got up and  __46__  announced, “Daddy, did you know that tomorrow Tina and I are going together to the beach? We are  __47__   a log house there with Adam and Tom, I will tell Tina before we go that I   __48__   ruin her work again, and I’m sure she will be  __49__ to me. ”

　　Why was this encounter (sudden meeting) so successful? How did Dahlia __50__  her sadness so completely and realize her responsibility in the matter __51__  her own?

　　There were three main parts in her father’s reaction that   __52__  : (A) Attention (B) Respect (C) Trust. He gave his daughter __53__ attention and took her seriously as she   __54__  her feelings. He respected her by not coming with words of wisdom, advice or help. He validated（证实）the feelings she __55__ . And he trusted her to do and say what she needed in order to lead herself toward resolution of her emotions.

1.                A．hardly          B．seldom         C．ever     D．never

 

2.                A．so             B．but            C．and  D．then

 

3.                A．Before         B．When          C．While    D．Since

 

4.                A．something      B．anything        C．everything D．nothing

 

5.                A．crying          B．running         C．talking    D．saying

 

6.                A．kept           B．started         C．stopped  D．hated

 

7.                A．hurt           B．ache           C．injure    D．wound

 

8.                A．got            B．received        C．accepted D．admitted

 

9.                A．many          B．some           C．any  D．no

 

10.               A．soon           B．quickly         C．suddenly D．fast

 

11.               A．surprisingly     B．angrily         C．sadly D．cheerfully

 

12.               A．building        B．buying         C．making    D．repairing

 

13.               A．shouldn’t      B．won’t         C．daren’t  D．can’t

 

14.               A．polite          B．cruel          C．rude D．nice

 

15.               A．get over        B．get away        C．get along  D．get through

 

16.               A．for            B．on            C．by   D．in

 

17.               A．did            B．followed        C．went D．worked

 

18.               A．full            B．incomplete      C．half   D．undivided

 

19.               A．sent out        B．threw out       C．put out    D．poured out

 

20.               A．expressed      B．showed         C．said D．strengthened

 

 

Habits, whether good or bad, are gradually formed. When a person does a certain thing again, he is driven by some unseen force to do the same thing repeatedly, then a habit is formed. Once a habit is formed, it is difficult, and sometimes impossible, to get rid of. It is therefore very important that we should pay great attention to the formation of habits. Children often form bad habits, some of which remain with them as long as they live. Older persons also form bad habits lasting as long as they live, and sometimes become ruined by them.　　
There are other habits which, when formed in early life, are of great help. Many successful men say that much of their success has something to do with certain habits in early life, such as early rising, honesty and so on.
　　Among the habits which children should not form are laziness, lying, stealing and so on. These are all easily formed habits. Unfortunately older persons often form habits which could have been avoided(避免).
　　We should keep away from(远离) all these bad habits, and try to form such habits as will be good for ourselves and others.
【小题1】________ are formed little by little.

A．Good habits	B．Bad habits
C．Both good habits and bad habits	D．Either good habits or bad habits

【小题2】The underlined word "them" in the first paragraph refers to ________.

A．bad habits

B．good habits

C．children

D．other persons

【小题3】Generally speaking, it's difficult for one _____ and easy for them _____which should be avoided.

A．to form bad habits; to form good habits

B．to form good habits; to form bad habits

C．to form such habits as will be good; to get rid of bad habits

D．to get rid of bad habits; to form good habits

【小题4】Why should we pay much attention to the formation of habits?

A．Because habits are of great help to every one of us.

B．Because a man can never get rid of a habit.

C．Because it's hard and sometimes even impossible to throw away bad habits.

D．Because we are forced to do them again and again.

【小题5】According to the passage, early rising ________.

A．has something to do with success

B．is an easily formed habit

C．is such a habit as should have been avoided

D．is such a habit as will be kept

Englishmen speak British English and Americans speak American English. A student is learning to speak British English. He often asks himself, “Can Americans understand me when I speak British English?” Learners often ask “What’s the difference between British English and American English?”Certainly there are some differences between British and American English. The Englishmen say “Have you a pen?” While Americans say “Do you have a pen?” The pronunciation is sometimes different. Americans often sound “r” in words like “bird” and “hurt”. The British speakers don’t sound the “r” in these words. There are differences in spelling. For example, “colour” and “neighbour” are British while “color” and “neighbor” are American. These differences in grammar, pronunciation and spelling are not important, however. For the most part, British and American English are the same language. When Englishmen and Americans are talking with each other, they don’t need an interpreter(翻译). Maybe some day they need, but not now.
【小题1】Between British and American English, _______.

A．the greatest difference is in spelling

B．there are differences in many ways

C．people can’t understand each other

D．students don’t know the difference

【小题2】When a student is asking himself “Can Americans understand me when I speak British English?” it shows that_______.

A．he wants to learn American English

B．he doesn’t like British English

C．he hasn’t spoken to any American so far

D．he is going to spend more time on American English

【小题3】43. The differences between British and American English are not important because______

A．everyone knows the differences

B．people talk to each other very often

C．Englishmen and Americans get along well

D．British English and American English are the same language

【小题4】“Have you a pen” and “Do you have a pen?” show a difference in______

A．grammar

B．spelling

C．pronunciation

D．listening

【小题5】At the end of the passage the writer wants to tell us _______.

A．British and American English will be two different languages some day

B．Englishmen and Americans will never need an interpreter while talking

C．there will be no more differences between British and American English

D．the differences between British English and American English will grow larger

People are being lured (引诱)onto Facebook with the promise of a fun, free service without realizing they’re paying for it by giving up large amounts of personal information. Facebook then attempts to make money by selling their data to advertisers that want to send targeted messages.
　　Most Facebook users don’t realize this is happening. Even if they know what the company is up to, they still have no idea what they’re paying for Facebook because people don’t really know what their personal data is worth.
　　The biggest problem, however, is that the company keeps changing the rules. Early on, you keep everything private. That was the great thing about facebook—you could create your own little private network. Last year, the company changed its privacy rules so that many things— your city, your photo, your friends' names—were set, by default (默认)to be shared with everyone on the Internet.
　　According to Facebook’s vice-president Elliot Schrage, the company is simply making changes to improve its service, and if people don’t share information, they have a “less satisfying experience”.
　　Some critics think this is more about Facebook looking to make more money. Its original business model， which involved selling ads and putting them at the side of the page， totally failed.  Who wants to look at ads when they’re online connecting with their friends?
　　The privacy issue has already landed Facebook in hot water in Washington. In April. Senator Charles Schumer called on Facebook to change its privacy policy. He also urged the Federal Trade Commission to set guidelines for social-networking sites.“I think the senator rightly communicated that we had not been clear about what the new products were and how people could choose to use them or not to use them,” Schrage admits.
I suspect that whatever Facebook has done so far to invade our privacy, it’s only the beginning, which is why I’m considering deactivating(撤销)my account. Facebook is a handy site, but I’m upset by the idea that my information is in the hands of people I don’t know. That’s too high a price to pay.
【小题1】What do we learn about Facebook from the first paragraph?

A．It is a website that sends messages to targeted users.

B．It makes money by putting on advertisements.

C．It profits by selling its users’ personal data.

D．It provides loads of information to its users.

【小题2】What does the author say about most Facebook users?

A．They are reluctant to give up their personal information.

B．They don’t know their personal data enriches Facebook.

C．They don’t identify themselves when using the website.

D．They care very little about their personal information.

【小题3】Why does Senator Charles Schumer propose?

A．Setting guidelines for advertising on websites.

B．Banning the sharing of users’ personal information.

C．Working out regulations for social-networking sites.

D．Removing ads from all social-networking sites.

【小题4】Why does the author plan to cancel his Facebook account?

A．He is dissatisfied with its current service.

B．He finds many of its users untrustworthy.

C．He doesn’t want his personal data to be used in a wrong way.

D．He is upset by its frequent rule changes.