Which gender is the most talkative? No matter what you answer, you are partially right.

A recent Gallup Poll showed that both men and women believe that women possess the gift of talking and some even believe women are biologically built for conversation, but all of that is challenged in a research published in the November issue of Personality and Social Psychology Review.

In a recent research by Campbell Leaper and Melanie Ayres, they collected all of the available evidence from decades of scientific study and systematically combined the findings into an overall picture of the differences between men and women regarding talkativeness.

They found a small but reliable tendency(趋势) for men to be more talkative than women in certain cases, such as when they were conversing with their wives or with strangers. Women talked more to their children and to their college classmates.

The type of speech was also explored in the research. The researchers discovered that, with strangers, women were generally more talkative when it came to using speech to ensure her connection to the listener, while men’s speech focused more on an attempt to influence the listener. With close friends and family, however, there was very little difference between genders in the amount of speech.

60.This passage mainly talks about a research conducted by _______ .

         A. Gallup Poll   B. Personality and Social Psychology Review

         C. Campbell Leaper and Melanie Ayres  D. the author

61.Which of the following statements describes the main idea of the passage?

         A. Women are born more talkative than men.

         B. Men are born more talkative than women.

         C. Women and men are talkative in different cases.

         D. Women are no more talkative than men.

62.The underlined word gender means _______.

         A. people B. nationality   C. culture          D. sex

63.Talking with strangers, ________.

         A. women are more talkative than with people they know

         B. men are more talkative than with their wives

         C. women prefer to listen more rather than speak more

         D. men speak a lot to have their opinions accepted

 

 It is often         that human beings are naturally equipped to speak.

A. said       B. to say     C. saying     D. being said

 

Babies understand what their mothers say, even when they speak a language their children have never heard before, scientists claim.
The researchers found that one-year-olds reacted in exactly same way to their mothers’ voices regardless of whether they were speaking English or Greek, showing what mothers have long known – that babies pick up on tone of voice rather than the words themselves.
The researchers, from Cardiff University’s School of Psychology, observed babies as they watched their mothers perform actions with toys using the English words “whoops” and “there”. The scientists studied reactions from one-year-old babies to their mums’ voices even when they were speaking both English and Greek, and keeping the same tone of voice. The academics found that babies reproduced the same reactions regardless of whether they knew the language.  
Study leader Dr Merideth Gattis of Cardiff University’s School of Psychology says, “What this work showed was that children could have access to understanding simply through tone of voice. We did ‘whoops’ and ‘there’ in two languages and got exactly the same results.” The research, published in the journal Cognitive Development, was conducted on 84 babies aged between 14 and 18 months, over the course of a year, with none of the babies having any previous exposure to Greek.
Dr Gattis says that children respond to tone clues in their parents’ voices from an early age.
She says, “Tone of voice is a really useful signal of what someone is thinking. We never have direct access to other people’s minds, except the signals in language that they give out.” She says the study shows that it is less important what parents say than how they say it.
Dr Gattis adds, “A child may ask if you like his / her drawing, for example. You might say yes, but if you don’t sound enthusiastic, the meaning may not get across.” Before children begin to speak, parents should use exaggerated tone when speaking to them.
【小题1】According to the text, what have mothers long-known?

A．Babies have a better understanding of English.

B．Babies pick up on tone of voice.

C．Babies like their mothers’ performances.

D．Babies like drawing from an early age.

【小题2】Which of the following is TRUE, according to the study?

A．Tone of voice is the most useful sign of what someone is thinking.

B．After children begin to speak, tone becomes unimportant.

C．The babies acted the same way regardless of the language.

D．The research was conducted on 48 babies.

【小题3】According to the text, Dr. Gattis believes that _________.

A．we have no access to other people’s minds

B．babies can’t understand what “yes” means

C．parents should always sound enthusiastic

D．how a parent speaks is more important than what he or she says

【小题4】What’s the text mainly about?

A．The content of the journal Cognitive Development.

B．The famous works of Dr. Gattis.

C．Babies understanding their mothers through tone.

D．Babies having the potential to learn language well.

【小题5】The text can be classified as _________.

A．a report

B．an advertisement

C．a handbook

D．a guide

阅读下列应用文及相关信息，并按照要求匹配信息。请在答题卡上将对应题号的相应选项字母涂黑。

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下面是5个想学习汉语的学生，阅读下面的信息，找出适合他们每个人的课程：

1.Mathew majors in media and hopes to understand Chinese broadcasting and TV News and communicate with the Chinese people.

2.Sarah is a learner of Chinese with a fairly good knowledge of basic Chinese grammar and a vocabulary of 2,500, hoping to improve her Chinese ability in speaking, reading and writing.

3.Lois majors in teaching Chinese as a foreign language and hopes to improve her ability in translation.

4.Dennis once has taught himself Chinese and can speak a little Chinese but with poor pronunciation and grammar, hoping to meet the needs of everyday life and study, and understand each other in basic communication through training.

5.Georgia specializes in the Chinese language and culture at the average level. He plans to have a tour in China. 

 

Those who want to say anything more _________ your hands and then_______ to speak.

A．rise; raise         B．raise; rise         C．raise; raise        D．rise; rise