中国人失掉自信力了吗
鲁迅
　　①从公开的文字上看起来：两年以前，我们总自夸着“地大物博”，是事实；不久就不
再自夸了，只希望着国联，也是事实；现在是既不夸自己，也不信国联，改为一味求神拜佛，
怀古伤今了——却也是事实。
②于是有人慨叹曰：中国人失掉自信力了。
③如果单据这一点现象而论，自信其实是早就失掉了的。先前信“地”，信“物”，后来
信“国联”，都没有相信过“自己”。假使这也算一种“信”，那也只能说中国人曾经有过“他
信力”，自从对国联失望之后，便把这他信力都失掉了。
④失掉了他信力，就会疑，一个转身，也许能够只相信了自己，倒是一条新生路，但不
幸的是逐渐玄虚起来了。信“地”和“物”，还是切实的东西，国联就渺茫，不过这还可以
令人不久就省悟到依赖它的不可靠。一到求神拜佛，可就玄虚之至了，有益或是有害，一时
就找不出分明的结果来，它可以令人更长久的麻醉着自己。
⑤中国人现在是在发展着“自欺力”。
⑥“自欺”也并非现在的新东西，现在只不过日见其明显，笼罩了一切罢了。然而，在
这笼罩之下，我们有并不失掉自信力的中国人在。
⑦我们从古以来，就有埋头苦干的人，有拚命硬干的人，有为民请命的人，有舍身求法
的人，……虽是等于为帝王将相作家谱的所谓“正史”，也往往掩不住他们的光耀，这就是
中国的脊梁。
⑧这一类的人们，就是现在也何尝少呢？他们有确信，不自欺；他们在前仆后继的战斗，
不过一面总在被摧残，被抹杀，消灭于黑暗中，不能为大家所知道罢了。说中国人失掉了自
信力，用以指一部分人则可，倘若加于全体，那简直是诬蔑。
⑨要论中国人，必须不被搽在表面的自欺欺人的脂粉所诓骗，却看看他的筋骨和脊梁。
自信力的有无，状元宰相的文章是不足为据的，要自己去看地底下。
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　九月二十五日。
【小题1】．作者批驳的观点是什么？确立的观点又是什么？（４分）
【小题2】．文章由直接反驳转到间接反驳起过渡作用的是第几段？它在内容上是怎样承上启下的？请结合原文作答。（５分）
【小题3】．联系全文，对“埋头苦干的人”、“拼命硬干的人”、“为民请命的人”、“舍身求法的人”的共同特征概括错误的一项是（　　）（２分）

A．他们都是中国的脊梁。

B．他们有确信，不自欺。

C．他们前仆后继的战斗。

D．他们总不为大家所知道。

【小题4】．文章⑦—⑨段反复强调“中国的脊梁”，表达出作者怎样的思想感情？（４分）
【小题5】．今天的中国正在各个领域展现出国民的自信力，请依照例句按要求续写。（5分）例句：杨利伟，用自信的挥手代表了中国航天科技的高度；
续写：　　　　，                                                          ；
　　　　，                                                          。
他们都                                 。

　　假如你叫Li Ming，是个中学生，经常收听音乐节目，请你用英语给节目主持人写一封信。信的要点如下：

　　①你很喜欢这个节目，特别(especially)是英语歌曲；

　　②学习很忙，疲劳时，你会打开收音机，听这个节目；

　　③从英语歌里你学了很多单词；

　　④你最喜欢“My Heart Will Go On”这首歌，希望得到歌词(words of the song)。

　　注意：

　　①信要通顺，连贯；

　　②词数70左右，信的开头和结尾已为你写好，不计入总词数。

No. 28 Middle School

Suzhou

April 8, 2001

Dear Sir,

　　I'm a middle school student. ________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

Yours Sincerely,

Li Ming

It's not just women who wear skirts. Men can wear them, too. In Scotland, men wear a kind of skirt called a kilt. The kilt is their national dress and an important part of their tradition (传统).
A kilt is a colored skirt reaching down to the knees(膝盖). It has checks (格子) on it with different colors, like red or blue. Each family in Scotland has its own colors.
How did the Scots start to wear kilts? There are many stories about it. One story is that the kilt was invented (发明) in the 1720s by an English factory owner, Thomas Rawlinson. Rawlinson had a lot of Scottish workers in his factory and he thought their clothing got in the way of their work. So he cut their long clothes into a shorter skirt.
Today, most Scotsmen see kilts as formal(正式)dresses. They usually only wear them at weddings or big dinners. There are only a few men who still wear a kilt every day. Scots also wear kilts in parades when they play their traditional musical instrument(乐器): bagpipes (风笛). The army still has kilts as the dress uniform (制服), but they no longer wear them to fight (打仗).
【小题1】 A kilt is ____.

A.

B.

C.

D.

【小题2】In Scotland, different families have different ___.

A．colors

B．checks

C．rules

D．shapes

【小题3】What does "got in the way of" in the third paragraph mean?

A．到达

B．得到

C．在路上

D．妨碍

【小题4】When do Scotsmen wear kilts?

A．At weddings

B．At big dinners

C．In parades

D．all of the above

【小题5】The story mainly tells us ____.

A．things about Scotsmen's traditional kilts

B．how to wear kilts

C．when to wear kilts

D．Scotsmen's important tradition

短文填空　　从下面方框中选出10个单词，用它们的适当形式填入短文空格内，使短文意思正确、通顺(每词限用一次)。请按编号将答案依次填入右边表格中。

feel　give　turn　work　help　wait　thing　near　he　only　final　one

　　A woman was eating in a restaurant. She asked the waiter to do many 1 for her. Now she was 2 the waiter a lot of trouble. 3 , she asked the waiter to turn on the air conditioner(空调) because she 4 too hot. Then she asked him 5 it off because she was too cold. This went on and on for 6 half an hour.

　　But the waiter was very kind and 7 . He did everything the woman asked 8 to do without getting angry. 9 , someone else in the restaurant asked why the 10 didn't just throw the woman out. “Oh, I don't care,” the waiter said, smiling. “We don't even have an air conditioner.”