A Brown University sleep researcher has some advice for people who run high schools: Don’t start classes so early in the morning. It may not be that the students who nod off at their desks are lazy. And it may not be that their parents have failed to enforce(确保) bedtime. Instead, it may be that biologically(生物学上)these sleepyhead(贪睡者)students aren’t used to the early hour.
　　“Maybe these kids are being asked to rise at the wrong time for their bodies,” says Mary Carskadon, a professor looking at problem of adolescent (青春期的)sleep at Brown’s School of Medicine.
　　Carskadon is trying to understand more about the effects of early school time in adolescents. And, at a more basic level, she and her team are trying to learn more about how the biological changes of adolescence affect sleep needs and patterns(方式).
　　Carskadon says her work suggests that adolescents may need more sleep than they did at childhood, no less, as commonly thought.
　　Sleep patterns change during adolescence, as any parent of an adolescent can prove. Most adolescents prefer to stay up later at night and sleep later in the morning. But it’s not just a matter of choice---their bodies are going through a change of sleep patterns.
　　All of this makes the transfer(迁移)from middle school to high school---which may start one hour earlier in the morning----all the more difficult, Carskadon says. With their increased need for sleep and their biological clocks set on the “sleep late, rise late” pattern, adolescents are up against difficulties when they try to be up by 5 or 6 a.m. for a 7:30 a.m. first bell. A short sleep on a desktop may be their body’s way of saying. “I need a timeout.”
【小题1】Carskadon suggests that high schools should not start classes so early in the morning because _______.

Joe lost his arms in an accident that killed his father. Since then, he has had to depend on the     1   of his younger sister Ella. In order to take care of him, Ella became his shadow, never leaving him     2    for years. Except for writing with his toes, he was completely unable to do anything in his life.
As they grew up together, they had their share of     3   and they would often quarrel. Then one day, Ella wanted to separate from Joe, living    4    own life. So Joe was heart-broken and didn't know what to do.
A     5    misfortune (不幸) struck Rosa, too. One night her mother, who suffered(受苦) from mental illness,     6    . So her father went out looking for her mother. She tried to cook meals for her parents, only to overturn the kerosene light on the stove, resulting in a fire which took her hands away.
Though her elder sister Susan showed her willingness to take care of her, Rosa decided to be    7    independent. And most of all she learned to do things on her own. Once she wrote the following in her composition: “I’m lucky. Though I lost my arms, I still have legs. Though my wings are broken, my heart can still     8  .”
　　One day，Joe and Rosa were both invited to a television interview program. Joe told the TV host about his     9    future at being left on his own, while Rosa was full of hope for her life. They both were asked to write something on a piece of paper with their toes. Joe wrote：My younger sister's arms are my arms;     10     Rosa wrote: Broken wings, flying heart.
They had both stood the same sufferings, but their different     11    determined(决定) the nature of their lives. It is true that life is unpredictable. How you deal with misfortune is the true test of your character. If you choose only to complain and run away from the suffering，it will always     12    you wherever you go. But if you decide to be strong, the hardship will turn out to be a fortune on which new hopes will arise.

Everyone has worries. How do you deal with your worries? There is always something you can do to help yourself feel less worried. Sitting there worrying is no fun and it won't solve your problems.

    Grades at school are often a top worry for kids. if you worry most about grades, ask yourself these questions:

    ●  Why are grades important? What do grades mean to me?

    ●  How do I get ready for class? Do I go over my notes even when there isn't a test?

    ●  Do I have a good place to do my homework?

    ●  Have I tried different ways of studying?

    If your worry is about a fight you had with your friend, you might write down al! the things you could do-write a note to him or her, invite him or her to watch a basketball game, say sorry to him or her and so on. Once you have a list of things you could do, you can choose one thing that could get your friend back.

     You can ask for help when you're worried. You can find someone to talk to, such as your parents, friends, and teachers.

（   ）11. What do kids often worry most about?

     　A. Their hobbies.                     B. Their homework.

     　C. Their marks at school.               D. A fight with their friends.

（   ）12. According to the passage, when you're worried, you'd better _______.

     　A. work hard                        B. talk to someone

     　C. get ready for class              D. write down your worries

（　　）13. If you're worried about grades, DON'T ask yourself "_______".

     　A. Why are grades important?           B. What do grades mean to me?

     　C. How do I get ready for class?         D. Why not give up my studies?

（　　）14. If you had a fight with a friend, you could _______.

A. invite him or her to watch a game      B. put the blame on him or her

C. try to make new friends              D. leave him or her alone

（　　）15. What does the passage mainly tell us?

    　　 A. Who is often worried.               B. When people are worried.

     　　C. How to deal with worries.      D. What kinds of worries people have.

Choose the words or expressions and complete the passage
Exam time is the most stressful (最有压力的) period of the year. You’ve worked all the term on your classes and now it’s the time to prove what you have learned. With so much at stake, it is easy to get stressed about your exams. However, with the right amount or hard work and focus you can pass your tests    1!
When I was in school, I used to get very stressed over my examinations. So did my friends. Some people stopped eating and others ate too much! Some     2 and others burned themselves out! The most important thing to remember when studying is not to panic! Take the middle path---stay calm, eat healthy food and get your rest. Stressing out and _3___yourself too hard is just as dangerous as not studying enough. A tired, overworked brain is just as useless as a stupid, empty one!
So, what do you do? Set aside a time each day for study and a time For __4 . You may have less time to relax than usual, but you still need to let your brain rest for a few moments. Get plenty of sleep. If you are_ 5  , information will not stick in your memory. Finally, eat healthy food that fuels your body and mind.
It does no good to look at your exams like the rest of your life   6  them. Instead, just view them as another obstacle (障碍物) you will overcome. You have overcome all kinds of obstacles in your life so far. With the right amount of work and focus, you will pass your examinations with flying colors! High school is right around the corner.