The famous scientist and thinker, Charles Darwin, was born on February 12, 1809. His family lived not far from the River Severn, England.

      Charles’ father was a well-known doctor and the son of a still greater doctor and scientist. Charles’ father hoped that his son would also become a doctor.

      As a boy Charles liked to go for walks in the fields and forests. He watched nature and compared what he saw with everything he had read in science books. He also liked collecting very much. He collected many things: eggs, stones, and leaves. His father did not like this, as Charles was not studying very well at school.

      ①为了成为一名医生，十六岁时达尔文就被送到爱丁堡大学(Edinburgh University) 学习。But he was interested in the history of nature.

      Then he studied at Cambridge University until 1831.

      Some time later, he heard that the ship Beagle was going on a trip to South America and wanted a scientist. His professor advised him to go. He said the trip would be just for Darwin. So when the ship left England in December 1831, Darwin was on it. The research lasted almost five years. The Beagle studied the waters in the sea near South America. It also visited New Zealand, Australia and islands in the Pacific. Darwin saw many new plants and animals. He collected all kinds of plants, which he sent home from the places he visited.

      When he returned home, Darwin was warmly greeted by his families and many friends.

      In 1842, Darwin went to live in Kent, where he continued his studies of the changes in nature. ②Darwin understood that plants and animals are not always the same, and that they really change.

      By 1859, Darwin had finished his famous book The Origin of Species. It made a great hit in the world of science. ③He was opposed (反对) by the church and even by some scientists. But later, more and more scientists agreed with him.

      Darwin continued his studies in science until he died in 1882.

请根据文章内容回答问题。

1.Why didn’t Charles become a doctor?

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2.When did Charles start the research with the Beagle?

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◆根据短文内容，完成下列各题。

3.请将①处划线句子翻译成英语。

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4.请将②处划线句子翻译成汉语。

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5.请改写③处划线句子， 使其意思与原句一致（每空一词）。

The church and even some scientists ____________ ___________ him.

根据下面短文内容，在短文的空格处填上一个恰当的词，使短文完整、通顺。

Do you often like to use disposable (一次性的) chopsticks when   1. in restaurants? It’s time to drop this habit.

China produces 80 billion pairs of disposable chopsticks every year. “This is enough to cover Tian’anmen Square 363 times,” said Bai Guangxin, chairman of Jilin Forest Industry Group.

“The production of such chopsticks is a heavy burden (负担) on national forests,” Bai added. People need to cut     2. over 20 million 20-year-old trees to make way for this production.

Many people choose to use disposable chopsticks     3.  they think that they are cleaner. However, many disposable chopsticks are not as     4.  as people think. Some may even be toxic (有毒的), China Daily reported.

Several days ago, actor Huang Bo posted a message on his micro blog. He wrote that when he tried to wash the disposable chopsticks in a restaurant, he was     5. to find that the chopsticks turned the water yellow and gave off a bad smell.

Some scientists said the color and     6.  of the chopsticks may show that they have something harmful such as sulphur (硫磺) and other chemicals (化学品). That’s bad    7.    people’s health.

As Bai Guangxin suggested, it’s better that people carry their own chopsticks around. It doesn’t just help save the environment; it also   8.  our own health.

Hello Sandy,

We have just returned form our holiday. We went with our friends，Edward Smith and his wife Tina, to the Yorkshire Moors. It is a beautiful natural park. There are lots of places to walk on the tops of the hills，miles of grassland with no people，just sheep and birds.

? Edward had just come out of hospital and he could not walk as far as before. However, this meant that we walked in the mornings, and then stopped at a restaurant for lunch each day before returning to the place we lived in. Edward and I slept in front of the fire all afternoon, while the ladies went for another walk. Very pleasant!

I took lots of photos from the place we lived in, across the valley (山谷）below us, of the morning sunrise, and the mist(迷雾）in the valley. Also, in England, the old steam-powered trains are very popular. I took many photos of the train.

Yesterday we had the first snow of this winter. It is very early. We usually have snow in January. It rained all day, then snowed in the evening .Today we have bright sunshine! Both Jenny and I are well. I don’t know if I told you, in the last e-mail , that Jenny is now working in a hotel. Although she has to work hard, people there are nice, and she is enjoying the work.

Please write to us to tell us your news.

????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? Yours,?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? Victor

1.What can they see on the tops of the hills??

A. Sheep and birds?? B. Snow.?? C. Many people.?? D. Forests.

2.Why couldn’t Edward walk very far?

A. Because he didn’t like walking.???? B. Because he was in hospital.

C. Because he was weak then.???????? D. Because his wife didn’t go.

3.What’s the season now?

A. Spring?????? B. Winter???? C. Summer??? D. Autumn

4.Where does Jenny work now?

A. In a computer company????? B. In the hospital

C. In a restaurant????????????? D. In a hotel

5.Victor wrote to tell Sandy _____.

A. he just came back from his holiday???

B. Edward could not walk as far as before

C. they had the first snow of this winter?

D. how things were going with the holiday.

Hello Sandy,
We have just returned form our holiday. We went with our friends，Edward Smith and his wife Tina, to the Yorkshire Moors. It is a beautiful natural park. There are lots of places to walk on the tops of the hills，miles of grassland with no people，just sheep and birds.
Edward had just come out of hospital and he could not walk as far as before. However, this meant that we walked in the mornings, and then stopped at a restaurant for lunch each day before returning to the place we lived in. Edward and I slept in front of the fire all afternoon, while the ladies went for another walk. Very pleasant!
I took lots of photos from the place we lived in, across the valley (山谷）below us, of the morning sunrise, and the mist(迷雾）in the valley. Also, in England, the old steam-powered trains are very popular. I took many photos of the train.
Yesterday we had the first snow of this winter. It is very early. We usually have snow in January. It rained all day, then snowed in the evening .Today we have bright sunshine! Both Jenny and I are well. I don’t know if I told you, in the last e-mail , that Jenny is now working in a hotel. Although she has to work hard, people there are nice, and she is enjoying the work.
Please write to us to tell us your news.
Yours,                                                                  Victor
【小题1】What can they see on the tops of the hills?