If the child has been brought up in a loving, openly communicative environment, the relationship with parents would be a strong one．It is only when there are ongoing troubles in the relationship between parents and the child that there is a breakdown in communication．

　 When parents are going through difficulties in their own relationship, the child sometimes develops guilt．The child can hold himself or herself responsible for the breakdown in relationship between the parents．This needs to be explained to the child, who won’t speak out this guilt．

　 The teenage years are emotionally sensitive years to the outside world．For the first time the child realizes his or her position in society．Friends suddenly become more important than parents．It is during this time that the relationship between children and parents is tested．If the bond with parents is strong, the child will not be influenced by the drug and alcohol culture．If the bond is weaker, the child will end up with problems．

　 During such times, one of the effective ways to deal with the problems is to discuss the problem with the child．As parents, you will need to discuss the results of each choice and then leave the final decision to the child．Forcing parental will on children is counterproductive (适得其反的), especially at this age．Forcing parental will at this time will stop communicating and then you will not know what is happening in their life．Whatever the problem is, the child need never be made to feel lonely．The moment that happens, the possibility of serious self-harm is raised．

　 Any problem at this age can be dealt with by a flexible (灵活的) way by parents．Discuss things calmly．Leave the decision to the individual．Make yourself available for any help or support that the child hopes．The child will feel comfortable when allowed the freedom of choice．

51．If parents have trouble with their relationship, the child _____________　　 ．

　 A．will communicate with their parents　　　

B．will be responsible for the trouble
　 C．will feel guilty about the trouble　　　　　 　

D．will help the parents recover

52．According to the text, what will lead the child to get into trouble?

　 A．The sense of responsibility．　　　　　　 B．A weak bond with parents．

　 C．Feeling depressed or stressed　　　　 　 D．The child’s confidence．

53．Which of the following ways can help solve the children’s problem?

　 A．Letting the children be．　　　　　 　　 B．Discussing it with the children．

　 C．Forcing parental will on them　　 　　 D．Meeting their demands．

54．The underlined word “forcing” can be replaced with the word“________ .”

A．Weakening．　　 B．Pressing．　　　 C．Understanding．　　 D．Losing．

55．What is the text mainly about?

　 A．The bond between parents and children． B．Causes of teenagers’ problems．

　 C．Teenagers’ problems and solutions．　　　 D．Always letting the children decide．

　 Having a teenager at home can be a real headache. Many teenagers smoke, drink and even fight. They often do something dangerous.

　 Earlier studies have shown that teenagers are more likely (可能) to make irrational decisions than people from any other age group, including children and adults. Is it that teenagers are too young to tell right from wrong? Not really. So what’s the reason?

　 According to Laurence, a teacher from a US university, the reason is that teenagers care a lot about how their peers (同龄人) view them—that is “peer influence”.

　 As children enter their teenage years, they spend more time with their friends and classmates, and also they care more about what they think of them. This makes teenagers make decisions without thinking about the costs.

　 In a test, a group of teenagers were asked to play a video driving game. When they played with their friends watching around them, they took more chances and drove more carelessly because that would increase their possibility of winning. But when they played alone, they drove more safely.

　 Why do peers have such a big influence on teens’ behavior?

　 As Laurence sees it, a teenager’s brain is like a car with a good accelerator (油门) but a weak brake (刹车). The “accelerator” is fully developed by teenage years while the “brake” is still not fully developed. When teenagers are watched by their peers, they usually push hard on the accelerator. With their weak brake, it is likely that they are going to end up in an accident.

　 But the good news is that a violent (暴力的)teenager doesn’t necessarily become a violent adult. About two-thirds to three-quarters of violent youth grow out of it. “They get more self-controlled.”

56. What does the underlined word “irrational” in the 2^nd paragraph mean?

A. Quick.　　　　　 B. Crazy.　　　　　 C. Careful.　　　　　　 D. Correct.

57. Why are teenagers likely to make wrong decisions according to the text?

A. They like difficult tasks.

B. They don’t care about costs.

C. They are too young to tell right from wrong.

D. They care a lot about what their peers think of them.

58. How does Laurence explain the influence of peer pressure on teens’ behavior?

A. By comparing it with how a car works.

B. By comparing it with an accident.

C. By showing research findings.

D. By giving examples.

59. According to the text, with peers around them, teenagers are more likely to _______ .

A. use more self-control

B. perform better than when they are alone

C. become more careful about what they do

D. care about winning without thinking about danger

60. What can we conclude from the text?

A. Teenagers are easy to have traffic accidents.

B. Peer influence is bad on teenagers.

C. Most of the teenagers become less violent when they grow up.

D. Teenagers shouldn’t spend all the free time with their friends.

Once　upon　a　time,　a　young　man　was　standing　in　the　middle　of　the　town　announcing　that　he　had　the　most　beautiful　heart　in　the　world.　A　large　crowd　gathered,　and　they　al　praised　his　heart　for　it　was　perfect.
Suddenly,　an　old　man　appeared　and　said,　“Why　,your　heart　is　not　as　beautiful　as　mine.”
The　old　man’s　heart　was　ful　of　scars（伤疤）.　Some　pieces　of　his　heart　were　removed　and　some　pieces　from　other　people　were　put　in,　but　they　didn’t　fit　quite　right.　So　there　were　several　jagged（锯齿状的）edges.　In　fact,　there　were　stil　some　holes　in　his　heart　where　the　pieces　were　missing.
The　 young　 man　 laughed,“Comparing　yours　with　mine,　mine　is　perfect　and　yours　is　a　mess.”
“Yes,”said　the　old　man.　“But,　every　scar　shows　that　I　took　out　a　piece　of　my　heart　and　gave　it　to　a　person,　and　often　he　gave　me　a　piece　of　his　heart　in　return.”
“Why　do　you　have　some　jagged　edges　in　your　heart?”asked　the　young　man.“Because　the　shapes　of　the　pieces　weren’t　the　same.”“Then　the　holes?”“Sometimes　I　gave　pieces　of　my　heart　away,　and　the　other　person　hasn’t　given　back　a　piece　of　his,　so　… but　I　don’t　care.”“How　come?”“They　remind　me　of　the　love　we　shared.”
The　young　man　was　deeply　moved.　He　walked　up　to　the　old　man,　took　a　piece　of　his　heart　out　and　gave　it　to　the　old　man.
The　old　man　placed　it　in　his　heart,　then　took　a　piece　from　his　old　scarred　heart　and　placed　it　in　the　wound（伤口）in　the　young　man’s　heart.　It　fitted,　but　not　perfectly,　as　there　were　some　jagged　edges.
The　young　man　looked　at　his　heart,　not　perfect　any　more　but　more　beautiful　than　ever.
How　sad　it　must　be　to　go　through　 life　 with　 a　 whole　untouched　heart!
【小题1】　The　young　man　stood　in　the　town　to　_____.

For as long as I can remember, Grandma’s plentiful tomato garden has been a sign of summer’s end. Each September, just as the decreased heat of the sun suggests cooler days, Grandma requests (ask for something) my help in her tomato garden. I’m sure that she cannot pick tomatoes without my youthful eyes and quick mind. She says we need to examine each tomato and agree on its readiness for picking. While Grandma’s request for my help in the tomato garden is always the same, her desire for my help seems to increase each year.
　　Grandma has eyes for finding even the tomatoes hidden by undergrowth and other tomatoes. I, however, just turn circles looking for the ones I think Grandma will like. I spot what looks like a ripe（成熟的）tomato, head in its direction, and then get sidetracked by another that appears to be equally ripe. I usually end up watching Grandma and trying to stay out of her way, which seems the only way my eyes and mind are useful.
　　There we are, lost in the tomato vines（藤）. Grandma’s eyes are always knowing, and they are no different in the vegetable garden. From afar she spots (notice) what looks like a ripe tomato. As she walks toward the garden, she evaluates the tomato for a second time, but from a different angle. I already know it will end up in the basket with the pile of others Grandma has carefully chosen. However, Grandma acts as if she needs a final look to be sure. She calls me to her side, kneels beside the vine while enjoying the warmth of the fading sunlight on her face, and grasps the tomato in her hand. She turns each round, red ball toward the sunlight before disconnecting it from the vine with a half-hearted smile.
　　She then looks at me. I nod my head and smile. Grandma assumes I smile in agreement with her tomato selection. I know I smile, instead, at her.
【小题1】 Why does Grandma ask the author to go to the tomato garden with her?