Singapore is a fascinating（迷人的）country in South-east Asia，The country used to make money only from selling fish until a mall called Sir Thomas Stamford Raffles discovered the island in 1819. He encouraged business and financial investment（金融投资）to Singapore． These made it become a very rich country．It is known as the Lion City．In Singapore Harbour you olin see the famous national statue（雕像）”Merlin” that has the head of a lion and the body of a fish．

Singapore is also famous for its lively shopping and restaurant culture．There are many shops and restaurants on Orchard Road in the capital city．There you can buy different kinds of jewellery, fashionable clothes and electronic goods．

Away from the busy city life，there are many opportunities in Singapore to explore（探索）the natural worId．Singapore Zoo has over 290 kinds of animals from all over the world．The zoo is special because its animals are kept in open spaces．

There are some smaller islands around Singapore, including Publau Ubin and St John’s Island which are part of the country of Singapore．The most famous one of these islands is Sentosa Island．It has many sandy beaches where people can enjoy water sports，such as swimming，surfing and diving．

1．Before 1819．Singapore was ____________．

A．a country in South-west Asia

B．a country that made money from selling fish

C．a very rich country

D．a country that encouraged business and financial investment

2．The national statue”Merlin” can be sign __________．

A．on Orchard Road                                       B．in Singapore Zoo

C．in Singapore Itarbour                                  D．on Sentosa Island

3．The writer thinks that the most famous island in Singapore is ________．

A．St John’s Island                                         B．Publau Ubin Island

C．Sentosa Island                                                  D．Lantau Island

4．Which of the following statements is TRUE?

A．Singapore has little wildlife．

B．Singapore has few places where people can buy presents．

C．Singapore is made up of a lot of big islands．

D．Singapore is not only beautiful．but also rich．

    The world is not only hungry, it is also thirsty for water. This may seem strange to you, since nearly 75% of the earth is covered with water. But about 97% of this water is sea water. Man can only drink and use the other 3% fresh water that comes from rivers, lakes, underground and other places. And we cannot even use all of that, because some of this fresh water has been made dirty.

At the moment, this small amount (数量) of fresh water is still enough for us. However, our need for water is getting greater and greater. Only if we take steps to solve this problem now, we can get away from a serious world water shortage later on. The people of the world cannot have an enjoyable life without enough clean water.

    On one hand we should stop wasting this little water of ours, on the other hand we should find ways to reuse it, but this has not been done widely.

    Today, in most large cities, water is used only once and it then returns to the sea or runs into underground places. If we can make it clean again, it can be used once more just as if it were fresh from a spring.

    But even if large cities reuse its water, we still would not have enough in the future. Where could we turn to next for water? To the ocean! How can we do to make use of this great amount of sea water? We can take the salt from the water to make it fresh.

    So if we take all these steps, we’ll be in no danger of drying up!

1. Why does the writer say that the world is thirsty for water?

   A. The amount of fresh water is really very small.

   B. The people of the world waste too much water.

   C. The people of the world have to drink a lot of water every day.

   D. There are too many people in the world needing water.

2. From the passage we know that fresh water doesn’t come from _________.

   A. rivers           B. lakes             C. underground     D. the sea

3. The underlined word shortage in the second paragraph means _______in Chinese.

   A. 问题           B. 短龄             C. 缺乏           D. 资源

4. The writer thinks that people in large cities should __________.

   A. stop the used water from getting into underground

   B. only use the water from the rivers

   C. make their used water clean again

   D. use as much sea water as possible

5. In order to solve the problem of water shortage, we have to __________.

   a. make use of sea water on the earth.

   b. save as much fresh water as possible 

   c. reuse the water from large cities

   d. stop people from using too much water

   e. only use the 3% of the water on the earth

   A. a and e          B. a, b and c        C. b, c and d      D. a, b and d

　　Water is “life” of our earth. It's in every living thing. It is in the air. It runs through mountains and valleys. It forms（形成）lakes and oceans. Water is everywhere.

　　Nature has a great water system（系统）. Rain water finds its way to streams（溪）and rivers. Rivers lead to the ocean. At mouths of rivers, fresh water joins the salt water of the ocean.

　　Thick water steam（水蒸气）in the air becomes clouds and clouds bring us rain. Plants and animals' lives depend on water. Where there is water, there is life. We have to clean our streams and rivers and do something against pollution（污染）because pollution does harm（有害的）to the life.

(1) We say water is “life” of our earth because ____.

A．water is in the air

B．water can run everywhere

C．there is water in every living thing

D．where there is water, there is life

(2) According to（根据）the article, which of the following is correct?

A．Water is in every living thing.

B．Water is everything.

C．Water forms everything.

D．Water runs through everything.

A．Clean the stream.

B．Stop air pollution.

C．Prevent（阻止）the fresh water from joining the salt water.

D．Clean our streams and rivers.

Cause and effect is one way to explain things that happen around us. Many things happen because something caused or influenced them to happen. Sometimes it is hard to look at a cause and find out what caused or influenced them to happen. Sometimes it is hard to look at a cause and find out what causes the effect. It may help you to start with the effect and use your reasoning(推理的) skills. Think about all the things you know that could be reasons for the effect you can see.
For example, you may see someone putting on a heavy jacket. This is the effect. To look for a cause, think to yourself, “What would take someone put on a heavy jacket?” Maybe the person is going outside into very cold weather. Maybe the person works in the penguin pen(企鹅圈养地) at Sea World. Maybe the person is going to visit an ice skating rink where the air is kept very cold. All of these things could be a cause for putting on a heavy jacket.
Now, think about a second example. The effect is a boy named Abi has to go to the head teacher’s office. What are the possible causes? Maybe he bullied(欺负) another student. Maybe he is just being picked up early. Maybe he is being given a prize!
Here is another example for you to think about its cause and effect. Cait, 13, was trying to fall asleep when her 8-year-old brother, Doug, came into her room. He looked around a bit, but seemed really out of it. Then Doug went back into the hallway and stood there looking straight up at the hall light for quite a while. Little brothers can be very strange, but this was really much too strange. Cait’s father appeared and explained that Doug was sleepwalking. What’s the cause end effect, could you tell?
根据材料内容选择最佳答案，并将其标号填入题前括号内。
【小题1】According to the second paragraph, which of the following is an effect?