How would we travel without maps? It would be a bit adventurous (冒险的) to set off from Oxford University to go to London Bridge if there wasn't a map of the London Underground at each station. In fact, a lot of the early map-makers were adventurers and explorers, especially in the 15th and 16th centuries.
So what did people do before there were maps? Well, it was quite easy to use natural signs like mountains and rivers if you were travelling on foot or riding a horse. People took small boats down rivers and followed coastlines. And it was much more logical (合理的) to use time, not distance, to measure (计量) journeys: the next village is a three-hour ride, for example.
In fact, in the earliest maps, people didn't draw landmarks. They drew the stars. It was very easy to see the night sky and use it for navigation (航行). The sky was a lot clearer before the light pollution from cities that we have today. When towns and cities were built, people drew road maps which gave correct distances and directions.
The London Underground was opened in 1863 and it also used a road map style. But a man called Henry Beck realized that travelling by train wasn't the same as driving your car across London. Passengers only needed to know which stations to change at. His new design (设计) for the Underground map wasn't very popular with the train companies at first. But the passengers loved it and in 1933, 700,000 copies were printed.
These days, of course, you can ride a bike, drive a car or go through a forest and know where you are exactly, using a GPS. It's really difficult to get lost!
【小题1】What was drawn in the earliest maps?

How would we travel without maps? It would be a bit adventurous (冒险的) to set off from Oxford University to go to London Bridge if there wasn't a map of the London Underground at each station. In fact, a lot of the early map-makers were adventurers and explorers, especially in the 15th and 16th centuries.

    So what did people do before there were maps? Well, it was quite easy to use natural signs like mountains and rivers if you were travelling on foot or riding a horse. People took small boats down rivers and followed coastlines. And it was much more logical (合理的) to use time, not distance, to measure (计量) journeys: the next village is a three-hour ride, for example.

    In fact, in the earliest maps, people didn't draw landmarks. They drew the stars. It was very easy to see the night sky and use it for navigation (航行). The sky was a lot clearer before the light pollution from cities that we have today. When towns and cities were built, people drew road maps which gave correct distances and directions.

    The London Underground was opened in 1863 and it also used a road map style. But a man called Henry Beck realized that travelling by train wasn't the same as driving your car across London. Passengers only needed to know which stations to change at. His new design (设计) for the Underground map wasn't very popular with the train companies at first. But the passengers loved it and in 1933, 700,000 copies were printed.

    These days, of course, you can ride a bike, drive a car or go through a forest and know where you are exactly, using a GPS. It's really difficult to get lost!

1.What was drawn in the earliest maps?

A. Stars.                             

B. Landmarks.

C. Cities and towns,                    

D. Mountains and rivers.

2.When did road maps come out?

A. Around 15th and 16th centuries.         

B. When people began to travel by train.

C. When people began to travel by sea.      

D. When cities and towns appeared.

3.Which of the following is true?

    A. A GPS helped people to travel long time ago.

    B. Ancient people could travel on a horse without maps.

    C. The sky was polluted by light before cities were built.

    D. Henry Beck's map wasn't popular with the passengers.

4.What is the main idea of the passage?

A. Maps have a long history.           

B. We never get lost these days.

C. We can't travel without maps.          

D. Henry Beck designed a new map.

How would we travel without maps? It would be a bit adventurous (冒险的) to set off from Oxford University to go to London Bridge if there wasn't a map of the London Underground at each station. In fact, a lot of the early map-makers were adventurers and explorers, especially in the 15th and 16th centuries.
So what did people do before there were maps? Well, it was quite easy to use natural signs like mountains and rivers if you were travelling on foot or riding a horse. People took small boats down rivers and followed coastlines. And it was much more logical (合理的) to use time, not distance, to measure (计量) journeys: the next village is a three-hour ride, for example.
In fact, in the earliest maps, people didn't draw landmarks. They drew the stars. It was very easy to see the night sky and use it for navigation (航行). The sky was a lot clearer before the light pollution from cities that we have today. When towns and cities were built, people drew road maps which gave correct distances and directions.
The London Underground was opened in 1863 and it also used a road map style. But a man called Henry Beck realized that travelling by train wasn't the same as driving your car across London. Passengers only needed to know which stations to change at. His new design (设计) for the Underground map wasn't very popular with the train companies at first. But the passengers loved it and in 1933, 700,000 copies were printed.
These days, of course, you can ride a bike, drive a car or go through a forest and know where you are exactly, using a GPS. It's really difficult to get lost!

1. 1.

   What was drawn in the earliest maps?

   1. A.
      Stars.
   2. B.
      Landmarks.
   3. C.
      Cities and towns,
   4. D.
      Mountains and rivers.
2. 2.

   When did road maps come out?

   1. A.
      Around 15th and 16th centuries.
   2. B.
      When people began to travel by train.
   3. C.
      When people began to travel by sea.
   4. D.
      When cities and towns appeared.
3. 3.

   Which of the following is true?

   1. A.
      A GPS helped people to travel long time ago.
   2. B.
      Ancient people could travel on a horse without maps.
   3. C.
      The sky was polluted by light before cities were built.
   4. D.
      Henry Beck's map wasn't popular with the passengers.
4. 4.

   What is the main idea of the passage?

   1. A.
      Maps have a long history.
   2. B.
      We never get lost these days.
   3. C.
      We can't travel without maps.
   4. D.
      Henry Beck designed a new map.

　　Do you like to see many beautiful colours beside you? If you do, you should visit New England during the fall（秋季）. The weather starts to get cold and most of the leaves on the trees change colours. In summer they are green, but in the fall they turn red, yellow, orange, and brown. Every fall New Englanders drive through（穿过）the county and walk through the forests（森林）to see the beautiful colours again the bright blue sky. They enjoy the colourful leaves.

　　It is interesting to find a narrow country road（狭窄的乡村小路）. It goes up into the mountains. Them you can see many small animals running through the fallen leaves. The air smells fresh and good, and there are still many flowers in bloom（开着）. It makes you happy. You will think you live in a beautiful place－it has four different seasons.

A．all kinds of colours

B．the colourful leaves

C．all kinds of animals

A．all the leaves and flowers are fallen

B．some of the flowers are in bloom

C．all the animals go under the earth

A．Many people go to New England because there are many hotels there.

B．The leaves of the trees in New England change their colours all the time.

C．The leaves of the trees in New England turn colour because the weather is getting cold.

(5) Which is the best title（标题）of the passage?

A．Fall Leaves.

B．Beautiful New England.

C．Different Seasons.