Suppose the year is 1666 and we can see a student called Isaac Newton. He’s away from his university for a holiday and at home with his family. Isaac Newton continues to study at home. He enjoys physics and thinking about the mysteries of the world.

    On a day there is rain and sun at the same time, so he sees a beautiful rainbow( 彩虹 )in the sky. It has many different colors. He is told that there are five. Newton wants to have his own rainbow because he wants to look at it closely. He decides to do an experiment. On a sunny day he goes inside a small room and makes the room very dark. Then he makes a small hole and the sun comes inside; it’s a small ray of light. It’s white. Newton takes a prism( 棱镜 ) and holds it up to the light. The ray of light goes through the prism, but it isn’t white now---there are many colors. The prism has split up ( 分解 ) the white into different colors: Newton has a rainbow.

    Newton looks at his rainbow carefully. He can see more than five colors, and he can see seven. He says the colors are: red, orange, yellow, green, blue, indigo and violet.

    But Newton is a scientist and he’s always very interested in how things work.  He has his rainbow but he wants to know more. So he takes another prism and holds it up to the rainbow. The rainbow goes through the second prism, but it isn’t colorful now---it’s white again. The prism has joined up the colors back into white light. Newton is the first person to understand that light is a combination ( 结合 ) of all the rainbow colors together.

1. In 1666 Isaac Newton was _____.

  A. a famous doctor                        B. an assistant in a lab

  C. a university teacher             D. a university student

2. What is the Chinese meaning of the words “ray of light”?

  A.光线           B. 光圈             C. 光速           D.灯光

3. The prism can split up the white into ____.

  A. less than five different colors              B. seven different colors

  C. five different colors              D. more than seven different colors

4. Which of the following is RIGHT according to the sentences underlined（画线）?

        A                  B                C                D

5. Which of the following is NOT according to the passage?

  A. Newton did his experiment on a sunny day.

  B. Newton continued his study at home during his holidays.

  C. If we put five different colors together, we get the white light.

  D. Newton can see seven different colors in his experiment.

When you look up into the sky at night, have you ever felt that your eyes are playing tricks on (捉弄) you? It seems that the stars are moving all the time.
Actually, there is nothing wrong with your eyes. This twinkling effect is called scintillation (交光). Scintillation happens because of air movements in the earth’s atmosphere (大气). Light is “bent (弯曲的)” when it travels through different parts of the earth’s atmosphere. As the air in the earth’s atmosphere is moving all the time, the light from the stars looks as if it is moving too.
The same thing also happens to things on the ground. On a very hot and shiny day, if you look at the road, the image in the distance is not clear and things move slightly. You can also see the same effect if you drop a rock into water. The rock appears a little unclear under the moving water.
This twinkling effect causes a lot of problems for astronomers (天文学家) since they cannot observe the stars clearly. A telescope (望远镜) was sent into space so that the air movements in the atmosphere could be avoided (避免). It took a long time to build the space telescope but finally in 1990, a huge space telescope called the Hubble Space Telescope was successfully sent into space. Since then, astronomers have many important observations that have helped people understand space better.
根据短文内容，选择最佳选项。 （10分）
【小题1】What happens to the light from the stars we see when the air in the earth’s atmosphere is moving?

When you look up into the sky at night, have you ever felt that your eyes are playing tricks on (捉弄) you? It seems that the stars are moving all the time.

Actually, there is nothing wrong with your eyes. This twinkling effect is called scintillation (交光). Scintillation happens because of air movements in the earth’s atmosphere (大气). Light is “bent (弯曲的)” when it travels through different parts of the earth’s atmosphere. As the air in the earth’s atmosphere is moving all the time, the light from the stars looks as if it is moving too.

The same thing also happens to things on the ground. On a very hot and shiny day, if you look at the road, the image in the distance is not clear and things move slightly. You can also see the same effect if you drop a rock into water. The rock appears a little unclear under the moving water.

This twinkling effect causes a lot of problems for astronomers (天文学家) since they cannot observe the stars clearly. A telescope (望远镜) was sent into space so that the air movements in the atmosphere could be avoided (避免). It took a long time to build the space telescope but finally in 1990, a huge space telescope called the Hubble Space Telescope was successfully sent into space. Since then, astronomers have many important observations that have helped people understand space better.

根据短文内容，选择最佳选项。 （10分）

1.What happens to the light from the stars we see when the air in the earth’s atmosphere is moving?

A．It looks even brighter.

B．It looks as if it is bent.

C．It looks as if it is moving.

D．It looks like drops of rain.

2.Scintillation also happens on 　　　　 according to the passage.

A．rainy days                             B．shiny days

C．cloudy days                            D．windy days

3.What can you see when you drop a rock into the water?

A．The rock gets broken.

B．The rock becomes unclear.

C．The water becomes much polluted.

D．The water does not move anymore.

4.The underlined word “observe” means “　　　　”.

A．watch            B．listen             C．draw             D．explain

5.Why is scintillation a problem for astronomers?

A．The stars never stay still.

B．It makes the stars too dark to see.

C．It makes astronomers feel too hot to work.

D．Astronomers cannot observe the stars clearly.

When you look up into the sky at night, have you ever felt that your eyes are playing tricks on (捉弄) you? It seems that the stars are moving all the time.

Actually, there is nothing wrong with your eyes. This twinkling effect is called scintillation (交光). Scintillation happens because of air movements in the earth’s atmosphere (大气). Light is “bent (弯曲的)” when it travels through different parts of the earth’s atmosphere. As the air in the earth’s atmosphere is moving all the time, the light from the stars looks as if it is moving too.

The same thing also happens to things on the ground. On a very hot and shiny day, if you look at the road, the image in the distance is not clear and things move slightly. You can also see the same effect if you drop a rock into water. The rock appears a little unclear under the moving water.

This twinkling effect causes a lot of problems for astronomers (天文学家) since they cannot observe the stars clearly. A telescope (望远镜) was sent into space so that the air movements in the atmosphere could be avoided (避免). It took a long time to build the space telescope but finally in 1990, a huge space telescope called the Hubble Space Telescope was successfully sent into space. Since then, astronomers have many important observations that have helped people understand space better.

根据短文内容，选择最佳选项。 （10分）

(　 )36. What happens to the light from the stars we see when the air in the earth’s atmosphere is moving?

　　 　　 A. It looks even brighter.　　　

B. It looks as if it is bent.

　　 　　 C. It looks as if it is moving.　　

D. It looks like drops of rain.

(　 )37. Scintillation also happens on 　　　　 according to the passage.

　　 　　 A. rainy days 　　 B. shiny days

　　 　　 C. cloudy days 　 D. windy days

(　 )38. What can you see when you drop a rock into the water?

　　 　　 A. The rock gets broken.　　　　

B. The rock becomes unclear.

　　 　　 C. The water becomes much polluted.

D. The water does not move anymore.

(　 )39. The underlined word “observe” means “　　　　”.

　　 　　 A. watch　　　 　 B. listen　　　 　 C. draw　　　 　 D. explain

(　 )40. Why is scintillation a problem for astronomers?

　　 　　 A. The stars never stay still.

B. It makes the stars too dark to see.

　　 　　 C. It makes astronomers feel too hot to work.

　　 　　 D. Astronomers cannot observe the stars clearly.