Thinking is something you choose to do as a fish chooses to live in water. To be human is to think. But thinking may come naturally without your knowing how you do it. Thinking about thinking is the key to critical(批判性的) thinking. When you think critically, you take control of your thinking processes（过程）. Otherwise, you might be controlled by the ideas of others. Indeed, critical thinking is at the heart of education.

    The word “critical” here has a special meaning. It does not mean taking one view against another view, as when someone criticizes another person for doing something wrong. The nature of critical thinking is thinking beyond the easily seen--beyond the pictures on TV, the untrue reports in the newspapers, and the faulty reasoning.

    Critical thinking is an attitude as much as an activity. If you are interested in life and want to dig deeper into it, you are a critical thinker. If you find pleasure in deep thinking about different ideas, characters, and facts, you are a critical thinker.

    Activities of the mind and higher-order reasoning（推理）are processes of deep and careful consideration. They take time, and do not go hand in hand with the fast speed in today’s world: fast foods, instant coffee, and self-developing film. If you are among the people who believe that speed is a measure（尺度）of intelligence（智慧）, you may learn something new from a story about Albert Einstein. The first time Banesh Hoffman, a scientist, was to discuss his work with Albert Einstein. Hoffman was too nervous to speak. But Einstein immediately made Hoffman feel comfortable by saying, “Please go slowly. I don’t understand things quickly.” 

1.Critical thinking is important to us because if we do not think critically, _______.

    A．it will be hard for us to think naturally and fast

    B．we might be controlled by other people’s ideas

    C．we will follow the ideas of others naturally

    D．we might be fooled by other people’s ideas

2.If you are a critical thinker, you will ________.

     A．take one view against another view           

B．trust the reports in the newspapers

     C．think deeply about different ideas           

D．criticize other people for their mistakes

3. In the last paragraph, “something new” suggests that ________.

A．speed can improve intelligence

B．intelligence is not decided by speed

C．the smarter you are, the faster you do things

D．the faster you do things, the smarter you become

将短文中划线部分的句子译成中文（共4分，每小题2分）

1.Friendship is one of the greatest pleasures that people can enjoy .A true friend does indeed find pleasure in our joy and share pity in our sadness . He or she is always at our side to give us his or her help .

Knowing how important friendship is ,2.we should be very careful in our choosing of a friend . We must choose someone who has a good character , who does everything good and who shows kindness of heart . We should avoid (避免) those people who are easily changed .

If you are lost in the mountains, stay calm in the face of darkness, loneliness, and the unknown. It will greatly increase your chances of survival. Many people think that preparing necessary equipment and knowing how to use it are very important, but actually eighty percent of mountain survivals is your reaction(反应) to fear.

Find a hiding place.

Unnecessary efforts will make you sweat and make you cold. Find a hiding place around you before trying to start your own construction. If you are in a snow-covered area, you may be able to dig a cave in deep snow for protection from the wind. You should try to hide yourself in the middle of the mountain if possible. Stay out of valleys—cold air falls, and the valley floor can be the coldest area on the mountain.

Signal rescuers for help.

The best time to signal rescuers(救援者) is during the day. Signal for help from the highest point possible—it will be easier for rescuers to see you, and any sound you make will farther. If you take a box of matches and a space blanket (a special blanket for traveling), build three smoky fires and put your blanket—gold side facing out—on the ground.

Do not walk away.

It will make finding you more difficult, as search teams will be trying to follow your path and may miss you if you have gone off in a different direction. Searchers often end up finding a car with no one.

If you get frostbite（冻伤）, do not rewarm the affected area until you’re out of danger. You can walk on frostbitten feet, but once you warm the area and can feel the pain, you will not want to walk anywhere. Try to protect the frostbitten area and keep it dry until you are rescued.

1.When lost in the mountains, you can increase your chances of survival if you _____.

A．try to find a car immediately               B．take a space blanket with you

C．do more physical labor                   D．walk as far as possible to find help

2.According to the passage, people most probably fail to survive if they _____.

A．do not keep themselves warm             B．stay in the middle of the mountain

C．do not take enough equipment             D．stay in a snow-covered area

3.What can we infer from the passage?

A．Never go to unfamiliar places alone.         B．Mountain traveling is dangerous.

C．Don’t get frightened in danger.            D．Don’t travel by yourself.

4.The passage talks mainly about _____.

A．mountain traveling                      B．mountain dangers

C．mountain survivals                      D．mountain searching

What problems do the teenagers probably have? Here is a survey showing their main problems.

1.How many main problems are there in the survey?

2. What problems are caused by too much homework?

3.________ is a good way for the teenagers to stop fights.

There are many things we should know, but we do not learn them at school. For example, if we want to use our money better, we need to shop carefully. We need to know how to compare（比较） the prices of the things in different shops. We also should know how to make the best choice when we shop.

      Knowing how to make such choices is a life skill, and we should practice it in our daily life.

1.Which supermarket has the longest business hours?

A. Supermarket W.                                         B. Supermarket T.    

C. Supermarket Y.                                            D. Supermarket U.

2.The price of the meat in     is the same as that in           .

A. Supermarket W, Supermarket U            

B. Supermarket Y, Supermarket T

C. Supermarket W, Supermarket Y             

D. Supermarket U, Supermarket T

3. If you want to spend the least money on eggs, which supermarket will you go to?

A. Supermarket W.                                         B. Supermarket U.    

C. Supermarket Y.                                            D. Supermarket T.

4. Which supermarket has the best service?

A. Supermarket W.                                            

B. Supermarket T.    

C. Supermarket U.                                               

D. Supermarket Y.

5. What may be the reason if Linda usually shops in Supermarket Y?

A. The environment.                                      B. The service.         

C. The business hours.                                   D. The price.