From the earlier time it was well ___1___to the Peruvians that when a cut ___2____made in the thick skin of a ___3____tree, a white liquid like milk came ___4___. From this fluid (流动的) a sticky ___5_____of rubber might be made. This rubber is ___6____and wax-like when warm so that it is ___7_____to give any form.

The Peruvians ___8____the discovery that it is very good for ___9____out water. Then in the early ___10____of the century they made overshoes to ___11___their feet dry. Then a certain Mr Mackintosh ___12_____coats of cloth which were ___13____with rubber. Today Mackintosh raincoats are still ___14_____after him.

But these first rubber shoes ___15______raincoats were unpleasantly soft and sticky in ___16___. They were also stiff and very ___17____in winter. They were like wax(蜡) although they ___18____a bit stronger.

But the rubber ___19___use today has been improved. It is ___20____sticky but soft and elastic(弹性的) and strong enough for any season.

1. A. talked                B. heard            C. seen                D. known

2. A. has                 B. was              C. may                D. will

3. A. rubber               B. apple            C. orange                   D. oak

4. A. from                 B. through         C. out                 D. up

5. A. raincoat             B. shoes            C. border             D. mass

6. A. hard                      B. fast               C. stubborn             D. soft

7. A. important             B. impossible        C. possible              D. uncertain

8. A. made                 B. found           C. wrote              D. neglected

9. A. finding              B. keeping         C. making              D. pouring

10. A. kind                B. part              C. sort                 D. halves

11. A. clean               B. clear             C. keep               D. prevent

12. A. made               B. found           C. appeared            D. gave

13. A. full                 B. like              C. lined               D. applied

14. A. looked             B. named          C. made              D. searched

15. A. or                B. and               C. with                D. but

16. A. today               B. summer               C. winter             D. rain

17. A. soft                 B. sticky           C. elastic             D. cold

18. A. felt                      B. made            C. needed                   D. produced

19. A. Mr Mackintosh       B. the Peruvians       C. we                  D. is

20. A. also                 B. always          C. neither                   D. not

短文改错（共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分）

此题要求改正所给短文中的错误.对标题号的每一行做出判断：如无错误，在该行右边的横线上划（√）；如有错误（每行只有一个错误），则按下列情况改正：

此行多一个词：把多余的词用斜线划掉，在该行右边横线上写出该词，并也用斜线划掉。

此行缺一个词：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（^），在该行右边横线上写出该加的词。

此行错一个词：在错的词下划一横线，在该行右边横线上写出改正后的词。

注意：原行没有错的不要改。

Ever since the first computer was built, each new computer

has been smaller, faster, and more powerfully. Most modern      1.       

desktop computer can perform operations that only                     2.     

supercomputers could do in past. The trend will no doubt             3.    

continuing, but just how small and fast can computers get?           4.      

Will we get computers that is so small that they “disappear”     5.    

which is, will they become so small that we will wear them          6.    

inside their body? I think it’s possible that future PCs will            7.    

be made of anything other than plastic and glass. The                   8.    

computer will no longer be a thing in your house, but                  9.    

instead of something very small that you can bring                      10.    

with you wherever you go.

 

While all my classmates seen to be crazy about a one-way ticket to Mars(火星), I’d rather say Mars is totally unsuitable for human existence. People won’t have enough food supplies there, and the terrible environment would make it impossible for them to live a long life. Besides, the journey won’t be safe. Can anybody explain to me just why people would go to Mars, never to return?

Steve Minear, UK

Here are the things you can think of: the desire to explore a foreign and unique environment, the excitement of being the first humans to open up a new world, the expectation of fame and glory…For scientists there is another reason. Their observations and research will probably lead to great scientific achievements.

Donal Trollop, Canada

There are already too many people on the Earth. I think that sometime before the end of the century, there will be a human colony(殖民地)on Mars. It will happen when people finally realize that tow-way trips to the red planet Mars are unnecessary. Most of the danger of space Flight is in the launches(发射) and landings. Cutting the trip home would therefore reduce the danger of accidents, save a lot of money, and open the way to building an everlasting human settlement on another world.

Enough supplies can be sent on ahead. And every two years more supplies and more people will needs, and Mars is far more pleasant than the other planets in the outer space.

Paul Davies. USA

1. The main purpose of Steve Minear’s writing is     .

A．to report his classmates’ discussion	B．to invite an answer to his question
C．to explain the natural state of Mars	D．to show his agreement on going to Mars

2.Which of the following best states Donal Trollop’s idea?

A．There is a plan to send humans to Mars.

B．There are many reasons for going to Mars.

C．Scientists become famous by doing research on Mars.

D．It is possible to build an Earth-like environment on Mars.

3.Paul Davies points out that      .

A．humans need only a one-way ticket to Mars.

B．two-way trips to Mars will be made safe soon

C．it is easy to reduce the danger and cost of flights to Mars

D．it is cheap to build an everlasting human settlement on Mars

4.What does Paul Davies think of human existence on Mars?

A．Humans will have to bring all they need from the Earth.

B．Humans will find Mars totally unsuitable for living.

C．Humans can produce everything they need.

D．Humans can live longer in the colony on Mars

 

Looking back on my childhood, I am convinced that naturalists are born and not made. Although we were all brought up in the same way, my brothers and sisters soon left their pressed flowers and insects. Unlike them, I had no ear for music and languages. I was not an early reader and I could not do mental arithmetic.

Before World War I we spent our summer holidays in Hungary. I have only the dim(模糊的) memory of the house we lived in, of my room and my toys. Nor do I recall clearly the large family of grandparents, aunts, uncles and cousins who gathered next door. But I do have a clear memory of the dogs, the farm animals, the local birds, and above all, the insects.

I am a naturalist, not a scientist. I have a strong love of the natural world and my enthusiasm had led me into varied investigations（调查研究）. I love discussing my favorite topics and enjoy burning the midnight oil reading about other people’s observations and discoveries. Then something happens that brings these observations together in my conscious（清醒的） mind. Suddenly you fancy you see the answer to the riddle, because it all seems to fit together. This has resulted in my publishing 300 papers and books, which some might honor with the title of scientific research.

But curiosity, keen（敏锐的） eyes, a good memory and enjoyment of the animal and plant world do not make a scientist: one of the excellent and essential qualities required is self-discipline, a quality I lack. A scientist, up to a certain point, can be made. A naturalist is born. If you can combine the two, you get the best of both worlds.

1.The first paragraph tells us the author ______.

A．was interested in flowers and insects in his childhood

B．lost his hearing when he was a child

C．didn’t like his brothers and sisters

D．was born into a naturalist’s family

2.The author can’t remember his relatives clearly because _______.

A．he didn’t live very long with them

B．the family was extremely large

C．he was too young when he lived with them

D．he was fully occupied with observing nature

3.It can be inferred from the passage that the author was _______.

A．a scientist as well as a naturalist	B．a naturalist but not a scientist
C．no more than a born naturalist	D．first of all a scientist

4. The author says that he is a naturalist rather than a scientist probably because he thinks he _______.

A．has a great deal of trouble doing mental arithmetic

B．lacks some of the qualities required of a scientist

C．just reads about other people’s observations and discoveries

D．comes up with solutions in a most natural way

 

Some disabled people use a special card when they park their cars. These are called disabled placards, which are removable signs that can be hung from the rear-view(后视) mirror of a car. These placards are only supposed to be for disabled people.

       These placards are meant to help disabled people in a number of ways. They allow the person to park in special parking spaces. They can also be used when disabled people are being dropped off or picked up. Disabled people can even use them to park without having to pay.

       Parking officials think that some people are cheating. Not all people who have these placards are disabled. Today, one in sixteen drivers in California carries the sign. There are a lot more people who have disabled placards today than ten years ago. An official from the DMV(加州车辆管理局) says that there are many reasons for the increase. As people get older, they may develop health problems and need to have one. There are also other reasons why more drivers have them today. Finally, there are a number of people who have them that should not.

       Last year the DMV cancelled more than 25,000 permits. They found that lots of people who had the disabled placards had died. These permits are no longer valid.

Some people are worried that the system is being abused. They are worried that access to the program could be limited because of the misuse. More rules could make it harder for people with real disabilities to get these placards.

1.What do we know about placards?

   A. They are all used by disabled people.

   B. They are cards designed by disabled people.

   C. They can help disabled people park their cars.

   D. They allow disabled people to drive anywhere.

2.The DMV canceled many permits because_________.

   A. the number of old people is growing

   B. the number of disabled people is on the rise

   C. they want to make it harder for people to get them

   D. some people who have the placards have died

3.What can people do with the placards?

   A. Drivers can use them when picking up disabled people

   B. Disabled people can pay for parking with them.

   C. Drivers can use them to drive their cars.

   D. People can have access to DMV with them.

4. What does the third paragraph mainly talk about?

   A. The reasons why disabled placards are also popular among drivers.

   B. Some healthy people also use the disabled placards.

   C. The number of disabled placard users had increased.

   D. More reasons for drivers to use disabled placards.

5.We learn from the passage that_________.

   A. disabled placards will be stopped by the government

   B. some people will be punished for breaking the law

   C. some disabled people will be forbidden to use disabled placards

   D. some rules will be made related to disabled placards