完形填空

　　American medical researchers have just reported the first scientific　　 proof that a small amount of exercise will help us live longer．The __1__ was carried out only by __2__ at Harvard and Stanford __3__．It involved（涉及）about　　 17,00 __4__ who entered Harvard University __5__ 1956 and 1960．The　　 scientists began their __6__ in 1960．They studied　　 the medical __7__ of every one in the study __8__ of those living and dead．__9__ of the study group reported __10__ much they walked, how many　　 steps they __11__ and what kinds of __12__ they had each week．The　　 scientists checked __13__ about height, weight, __14__ pressure and family history of heart　　 disease．Their __15__ showed exercise helped __16__　　 the chance of death from a number of __17__．

　　They found that two thirds of __18__ attack victims（受害者）were people who __19__ exercised．__20__ of the scientists said the most important __21__　　 was that people who do not exercise __22__ more heart disease．And he said that __23__ might be easier now to __24__ people to　　 exercise when he said doctors __25__ them to．

1．

[　　]

A．work　　　B．plan　　　C．study　　　D．project

2．

[　　]

A．scientists 　　　B．students　　　C．teachers 　　　D．doctors

3．

[　　]

A．counties 　　　B．states　　　C．universities　　　D．provinces

4．

[　　]

A．scientists 　　　B．students　　　C．professors　　　D．workers

5．

[　　]

A．from 　　　B．among　　　C．since　　　D．between

6．

[　　]

A．experiment 　　　B．tests　　　C．research    　　　D．works 

7．

[　　]

A．book 　　　B．history　　　C．team　　　D．operation

8．

[　　]

A．group 　　　B．class　　　C．team 　　　D．university 

9．

[　　]

A．One 　　　B．Scientists　　　C．Doctors 　　　D．Members 

10．

[　　]

A．so 　　　B．how　　　C．too 　　　D．very

11．

[　　]

A．climbed 　　　B．went　　　C．jumped　　　D．ran

12．

[　　]

A．food 　　　B．drinks　　　C．sports　　　D．medicine

13．

[　　]

A．information 　　　B．news　　　C．message     　　　D．knowledge

14．

[　　]

A．air 　　　B．liquid　　　C．blood　　　D．flesh

15．

[　　]

A．illnesses 　　　B．exams　　　C．success　　　D．researches

16．

[　　]

A．increase 　　　B．give　　　C．reduce 　　　D．bring 

17．

[　　]

A．reports 　　　B．teachers　　　C．students　　　D．diseases

18．

[　　]

A．disease 　　　B．heart　　　C．sudden　　　D．accident

19．

[　　]

A．never 　　　B．were　　　C．weren’t 　　　D．had

20．

[　　]

A．One 　　　B．Two　　　C．Three　　　D．Some

21．

[　　]

A．invention 　　　B．discovery　　　C．sport  　　　D．game

22．

[　　]

A．causes 　　　B．cause　　　C．has　　　D．have

23．

[　　]

A．they 　　　B．doctor　　　C．it 　　　D．he

24．

[　　]

A．teach 　　　B．tell　　　C．organize　　　D．get

25．

[　　]

A．advise 　　　B．agree　　　C．invite 　　　D．drive

阅读下列短文，从每小题所给的四个选项中选出一个最佳答案。

　　The United States is not the only country affected by the “computer revolution ”. All the major countries of the world have computers, and the developing countries have also realized that computers play a big part in their economic development.

　　Usually what one sees is a machine that looks like a typewriter; it is called a computer terminal (终端). But computers are also used in unseen ways. For example. they determine how much time there should be between traffic signals to prevent traffic problems and to keep millions of cars moving in an orderly flow. When you buy a car, a factory process (过程) that is controlled by a computer enables you to obtain a car with your own choice of colors and special features(特征) in just a few weeks' time. In medical laboratories, computers have reduced the mistakes in testing, and they have saved doctors' countless hours of work. Before long, medical histories of all Americans will be kept in computer “banks”. If a person becomes ill far from his home, local doctors will be able to get his medical record immediately. In science, the computer has performed in minutes experiments which would have required thousands of hours of work by human hands and minds.

　　Most experts agree that computers are necessary to solve the problems of increasing population, city living, and public affairs. Without computers, the jobs of solving these problems would require millions of workers to do tons of paperwork. Before any computer can work on any problem, it must be told what to do. Someone must program the computer, step-by-step. At first this was done by having the programmer write out his instructions in the form of numbers which would be “understood” by the machine. Within a short time, attempts were made to perform a system that would enable humans to communicate more easily with machines. Different “languages” were developed by means of which the programmer could use words that had meanings for him, and another program in the machine would translate the words into the computer's number system.

　　Without special training, it is impossible to understand exactly how a computer does its work. However, many people without scientific training use computers in their daily lives. In some American schools, for example, young children are being taught by computers for part of the school day.

　　The use of computers in school has worried some Americans. There are those who fear it will remove human element (成分) from teacher-student relationships. On the other hand, there are educators who consider computer program a valuable means of freeing teachers from the more boring and tiring tasks, thus enabling them to spend more time with a single student.

　　In education, as in business and industry, science and medicine, computers play an important part in almost every type of operation. The future will bring major advances in computer technology, which will aid man in his efforts to improve the world.

1．According to the context, the author has written the passage mainly for ________ .

[　　]

A．young children

B．experienced operators

C．common readers

D．scientists in the computer field

2．Operators of computers should give instructions to work in the form of program ________ .

[　　]

A．which are introduced in turn into computers

B．through which computers could process “language”

C．which could tell computers what to do and how to do

D．all of the above

3．The arguments for computer program used in education were that

[　　]

A．computers like toys would attract much attention of school children

B．there are lots of buttons which you can press for doing anything at your will

C．computer program would take the place of teachers, turning a school into a computer world

D．computers could give teachers the opportunity to spare time to deal with students respectively

4．Which of the following best express the main idea of this passage?

[　　]

A．The world will enjoy the beautiful picture of the computers.

B．Computer technology will change the human life.

C．Computer would work freely in the future.

D．Computer would work with a great memory-storage and at highest speed.

It is common to consider learning as something that takes place in school, but much of human learning occurs outside the classroom, even from birth and people continue to learn throughout their lives．

       Even before they enter school, young children learn to walk, to talk, and to use their hands to use toys, food, and other objects．They use all of their senses to learn about the sights, sounds, tastes, and smells in their environments．They learn how to communicate with their parents, grandparents, siblings, friends, and other people important to their world．When they enter school, children learn basic academic subjects such as reading, writing, and mathematics．They also continue to learn a great deal outside the classroom．They learn which behaviors are likely to be rewarded and which are likely to be punished．They learn social skills for communicating with other children．After they finish school, people must learn to deal with many major changes that affect their lives, such as getting married, raising children, and finding and keeping a job．

       Because learning continues throughout our lives and affects almost everything we do, the study of learning is important in many different fields．Teachers need to understand the best ways to educate children．Psychologists, social workers, criminologists, and other human service workers need to understand how certain experiences change people’s behaviors．Employers, politicians, and advertisers make use of the principles of learning to affect the behaviors of workers, voters, and consumers．

       Learning is closely related to memory, which is the storage of information in the brain．Psychologists who study memory are interested in how the brain stores knowledge, where this storage takes place, and how the brain later outputs knowledge when we need it．In contrast, psychologists who study learning are more interested in behavior and how behavior changes as a result of a person’s experiences．

1．The underlined “siblings” in the second paragraph probably means     ．

       A．teachers            B．classmates         C．doctors             D．brothers or sisters．

2．Which period of children’s life does they begin to know to behave well according to the passage?

       A．After they go into society                     B．Before they enter school．

       C．When they are at school                       D．Before they are born．

3．Which of the following is WRONG according to the passage?

       A．As a matter of fact, learning begins with formal school education．

       B．Teachers need to understand the best ways to educate their students．

       C．People need to understand how certain experiences change their behaviors．

       D．Employers should study the principles of learning to manage their workers well．

4．The author mainly tries to tell us        in the last paragraph．

       A．learning is only related to memory and experiences．

       B．psychologists are interested in how the brain stores knowledge．

       C．psychologists are more interested in a person’s behavior．

       D．how the relationship between learning, brain and behavior works．