A person named Bernard Jackson today is a free man, but he has many bitter memories. He spent five years in prison after a jury (陪审团) wrongly convicted (判处……有罪) him of raping two women. At Jackson’s trial, although two witnesses testified that Jackson was with them in another location at the time of the crime, he was convicted anyway. Why? The jury believed the testimony (证词) of the two victims, who positively identified Jackson as the man who had attacked them. The court eventually freed Jackson after the police found the real criminal.
Many factors influence the accuracy of eyewitness testimony. For instance, witnesses sometimes see photographs of several suspects before they try to identify the person they saw in a group of people. They can become confused by seeing many photographs of similar faces. The number of people in the group, and whether it is a person or a photograph, may also affect a witness’s decision. People sometimes have difficulty identifying people of other races. The questions the police ask witnesses also have an effect on them.
Many people believe that police officers are more reliable than ordinary people. Psychologists decided to test this idea, and they discovered that it is not true. Two psychologists showed a film of crimes to both police officers and civilians. The psychologists found no difference between the police and the civilians in correctly remembering the details of the crimes.
Despite all the possibilities for inaccuracy, courts cannot leave out eyewitness testimony from a trial. American courts depend almost completely on eyewitness testimony to resolve (决定) court cases. Sometimes it is the only evidence to a crime, such as rape. Furthermore, eyewitness testimony is often correct. Although people do sometimes make mistakes, and convict innocent people, more importantly, eyewitness testimony has rightly convicted a larger number of guilty people.
American courts depend on the ability of the twelve jurors, and not the judges, to determine the accuracy of the witness’s testimony. It is their responsibility to decide if a certain witness could actually see, hear and remember what happened.
【小题1】Bernard Jackson was found guilty and sentenced 5 years’ prison because          .

A．the police discovered evidence leading to his guilt

B．he admitted the crime of raping two women

C．the victims insisted that he was the attacker

D．the eyewitness proved the victims’ testimony

【小题2】The following statements may be the reasons for why sometimes the eyewitness’ testimony is not accurate EXCEPT          .

A．the eyewitness is confused by the police’s questions

B．the eyewitness is shown photos of many similar faces

C．the eyewitness lacks the professional help from police

D．the eyewitness can’t identify people of other races clearly

【小题3】An inaccurate eyewitness testimony may lead to        .

A．the misunderstanding of the case	B．the disbelief in the court
C．the disrespect for the eyewitness	D．the conviction of an innocent person

【小题4】Eyewitness testimony is important because        .

A．it can be relied on to detect criminals in all cases.

B．it is sometimes the only way to resolve court cases.

C．it is sometimes the only clue for police investigation.

D．it is more reliable than physical evidences to a crime.

【小题5】According to the text, we can infer that          .

A．police identification is more reliable than that of the ordinary people

B．eyewitness testimony is valuable, though sometimes incorrect.

C．crime victims often fail to give positive identification of the suspects

D．the jury relies on the judge rather than the eyewitness for a decision

Chinese scientists are again becoming excited about the fact that a large hairy animal may live in central China. Now they hope it won't be too long before they are able to __71  its existence. Their confidence is the __72  of a new discovery of the mystery animal in Hubei Province.

Ten Chinese __73  , enjoying a holiday in a National Forest Park, were driving down a road. As their bus turned a corner, the men were suddenly __74   by what they saw. Three __75  animals, covered with long dark hair, were crossing the road. On seeing the animals, the engineers immediately stopped and __76 them. __77  ,when they saw how the animals moved through the forest with great __78  and strength, they did not dare to follow any further.

The men did not take any __79  . However, scientists are __80  by the discovery, because the engineers were all very educated people and scientists feel they can __81   what they described.

After the discovery, scientists returned to the forest and __82   some hair and measured footprints. About 20 inches appears to be the length of the animal's foot! Chinese scientists have now set up a special group to exchange information and make a __83  of the forest. But in the meantime,some people __84 to believe that this half?man, half?monkey exists. They will not believe that it is __85  until one of the animals has been caught.

71. A. prove         B. analyze         C. protect         D. check

72. A. basis         B. requirement     C. result          D. preparation

73. A. travellers    B. engineers       C. scientists      D. explorers

74. A. frightened    B. amazed          C. upset           D. inspired

75. A. trained       B. rejected        C. tall            D. violent

76. A. shot at       B. looked at       C. fought with     D. ran after

77. A. However       B. Indeed          C. Meanwhile       D. Anyway

78. A. difficulty    B. speed           C. care            D. pleasure

79. A. bullets       B. tools           C. medicines       D. photographs

80. A. surprised     B. delighted       C. disturbed       D. supported

81. A. rely on       B. deal with       C. write down      D. pass on

82. A. cut           B. pulled          C. collected       D. tore

83. A. film          B. tour            C. choice          D. study

84. A. come          B. refuse          C. prefer          D. have

85. A. wrong         B. alive           C. real            D.correct

Lying in the sun on a rock, the cougar（美洲豹）saw Jeb and his son, Tom, before they saw it. Jeb put his bag down quickly and pulled his jacket open with both hands, making himself look big to the cougar. It worked. The cougar hesitated, ready to attack Jeb, but ready to forget the whole thing, too.

Jeb let go of his jacket, grasped Tom and held him across his body, making a cross. Now the cougar’s enemy looked even bigger, and it rose up, ready to move away, but unfortunately Tom got scared and struggled free of Jeb.

“Tom, no!” shouted his father.

But Tom broke and ran and that’s the last thing you do with a cougar. The second Tom broke free, Jeb threw himself on the cougar, just as it jumped from the rock. They hit each other in mid-air and both fell. The cougar was on Jeb in a flash, forgetting about Tom, which was what Jeb wanted.

Cougars are not as big as most people think and a determined man stands a chance, even with just his fists. As the cougar’s claws（爪子）got into his left shoulder, Jeb swung his fist at its eyes and hit hard. The animal howled and put its head back. Jeb followed up with his other fist. Then out of the corner of his eye, Jeb saw Tom. The boy was running back to help his father.

“Knife, Tom,” shouted Jeb.

The boy ran to his father’s bag, while Jeb started shouting as well as hitting, to keep the cougar’s attention away from Tom. Tom got the knife and ran over to Jeb. The cougar was moving its head in and out, trying to find a way through the wall Jeb was making out of his arms. Tom swung with the knife, into the cougar’s back. It howled horribly and ran off into the mountains.

The whole fight had taken about thirty seconds.

1.Why did Jeb pull his jacket open when he saw the cougar?

A. To get ready to fight.                                           　　B. To frighten it away.

C. To protect the boy.                                              　　D. To cool down.

2.What do we know about cougars?

A. They are afraid of noises.

B. They hesitate before they hit.

C. They are bigger than we think.

D. They like to attack running people.

3.Which of the following happened first?

A. The cougar jumped from the rock.

B. Tom struggled free of his father.

C. Jeb asked Tom to get the knife.

D. Jeb held Tom across his body.

 

On October 12, 1987, some Chinese scientists were working at the computers to look for information they needed. Suddenly they saw a lot of very bright spots(点 )crossing the computers’ screens. At the same time the computers were working much slower. To find out what was happening they stopped their work to check some parts of the computers. To their horror(恐惧), they found out that most of their stored information was got rid of( 除掉) by computer viruses! Obviously all these computers had been infected（感染 ） by computer viruses.

    It is said that the computer viruses were made by a group of young man fond of playing tricks. They all had excellent education. They created the viruses just to show their intelligence.（才智）These kinds of computer viruses are named Jerusalem( 耶路撒冷 )Viruses. These viruses can stay in computers for a long time. When the time comes they will attack the computers by lowering the function(功能), damaging their normal programs or even getting rid of all the information.

   We now come to know that Jerusalem Viruses often attack computers on Fridays and that they are spreading(传播) to a list of computers. Among the countries that suffering computer viruses are Britain, Australia, Switzerland and the U.S. But till now, how to get rid of the terrible remains a problem.

1.The group of young men created the viruses to __________. 

A. damage the computers

B. test their ability

C. play a trick on operators of the computers

D. tell the world that they were intelligent

2.According to the passage, computer viruses seem to _______.

A. have been in nature for years  

B. be difficult to get rid of at present

C. exist（存在） in any computers

D. be able to be got rid of in the near future

3.The most serious damage caused by the viruses is that _______.

A. all the information stored in the computers is gone

B. the computer’s functions are lowered   

C. the normal programs are damaged

D. the computers infected by the viruses can no longer be used

4.According to the passage, which of the following is true?

A. Four countries found their computers were infected by viruses.

B. The viruses will come to a new computer after staying in the old one for some time

C. The Jerusalem Viruses are a great harm to human health.

D. Scientists are trying to find a way to get rid of the viruses