Where on Earth are you? Navigators (导航员) use lines of latitude and lines of longitude to locate places. Lines of latitude run east and west around Earth. On a map or globe, these lines appear as running sideways or horizontally. Lines of longitude run north and south around Earth. These lines go up and down or vertically on a map or globe. These lines create an imaginary graph paper on the Earth. They make it possible to find an absolute, or exact, location on Earth. They even allow us to give an absolute location to a place out in the middle of the ocean.

Lines of latitude tell us how far north or south of the Equator we are. Sailors have used primitive navigation tools, like astrolabes, since ancient times. The astrolabe uses the sun and stars to find an approximate location. Using such tools, they have been able to approximate their distance from the equator. Although their instruments may not have been the high quality we have now, they were incredibly accurate (精确) for their time.

Lines of longitude tell us how far east or west of the prime meridian (本初子午线) we are. Sailors constantly looked for new ways to increase their navigation skills. Still, it wasn’t until the 18th century that they were able to measure degrees of longitude. They would have been very envious of the technology available to us today.

When we use lines of latitude and longitude together, we can get a very precise location. If we want to identify the absolute location of a point, we look where the latitude and longitude lines cross nearest to that point. We use the coordinates (坐标) for that point as its address. Many maps today include degrees of latitude and longitude.

1.______ make it possible for people to find an exact place on Earth.

A．Latitudes          B．Longitudes         C．Navigators         D．Sailors

2.The second paragraph mainly talks about _______.

A．the function of latitude                   B．the use of the equator

C．the invention of astrolabe                 D．the high quality instruments

3. Why do maps include degrees of latitude and longitude?

A．To help trade expeditions.                 B．To locate a precise place.

C．To cross the lines of the nearest point.       D．To identify how far a place is.

4.The best title for this passage is ____________.

A．The map and the globe                   B．Latitude and longitude

C．The equator and the prime meridian         D．Absolute coordinates

Ethiopia has greatly reduced its death rates for children under the age of five years during the last two decades, new UN statistics show. The report says Ethiopia has cut the number of child deaths, by two thirds or so, to 68 per 1,000 births compared to that in 1990.

The government owed the improved figures to its growing economy. Despite the reduction, the UN Children's Fund said Ethiopia needed to do much more to improve health facilities(设施) for pregnant women.

Ethiopia is one of Africa's poorest states, although it has experienced rapid economic growth in recent years and is one of the continent's leading coffee producers. Its economy centers around agriculture, which in turn relies on rainfall.

The BBC's Emmanuel Igunza in the capital, Addis Ababa, says Ethiopia was once representative of poor nutrition in Africa. But the latest UNICEF(联合国儿童基金会) figures show Ethiopia is one of the few African countries on the path to realizing the development goal of reducing child death rates, he says.

Ethiopia's Health Minister Kesetebirhan Admasu said increasing family incomes had helped improve people's health. "This has also resulted in better nutrition for children and women; this has translated into better medical conditions —— all these have a direct or indirect influence on the survival of children," he told BBC Africa. He said the government has also been "aggressively expanding its primary health care network". 

"We have now 93% coverage( 覆盖) of one health centre for 25,000 people, which basically means one health facility within a 7km area," he said.

1.How many in 1000 births would die in Ethiopia in 1990?

A. about 680                 B. about 330         C. about 68                 D. about 200

2.Which of the following statements is true?

A. Ethiopian children benefit from its fastest economy growing.

B. Ethiopia has a long way to go to improve health facilities.

C. Ethiopia is the economic center because of its rich rainfall.

D. Ethiopia has already become a rich state in Africa.

3.What do we know according to the latest UNICEF figures?

A. Many African countries have high child death rates now.

B. Ethiopia is the only country that has reduced child death rates.

C. Ethiopia is the most successful in reducing child death rates.

D. Ethiopia was once known for its poor nutrition in Africa.

4.What Kesetebirhan Admasu said shows that_______.

A. agricultural incomes have helped improve all the people's health in Africa

B. now the health care network is perfect in Ethiopia

C. 93% of the 25,000 people enjoy health centers in Ethiopia

D. the government has been taking active measures to improve people's health

For a long time I saw happiness as a huge banner (旗帜）across the finish line of a long race. I felt that only when I 36 _____ certain things could I finally be happy in my life. Most of the time I felt like a tortoise believing that being slow and 37 _____ would win the race. At other times I would 38 _____ like a rabbit trying different side roads at a dangerous 39 _____ hoping to reach that banner a little faster. 40 _____ , I began to see that no matter how long I raced towards it, the banner was never any 41 _____ I finally decided one day to 42 _____ and take a break. It was then that I saw my 43 _____ sitting beside me.
It had been with me as I 44 _____ hard to support my family, as I played with my children and heard their 45 _____ and even when I was 46 _____ with my wife at my side looking after me. It had been with me as I raced towards that stupid banner. I just didn’t have the 47 _____ to see it.
There is an old Chinese proverb that says, “Tension is what you think you should be. 48 _____ is who you are” Perhaps we all should stop our race towards the 49 _____ life we think we should have and 50 _____ the life we have now. Happiness will never be found under some banner far away. If will be found 51 _____ your own heart, soul and mind. It will be found when you 52 _____ that others love you just as you do.
Don’t be a tortoise or a rabbit when it comes to your happiness. Be a playful puppy and carry your stick of 53 _____ with you everywhere you go. 54 _____ yourself out of the race and realize that when it comes to love and happiness you are 55 _____ there.

Scientists at Harvard University and Bates College find female chimpanzees (黑猩猩) appear to treat sticks as dolls, carrying them around until they have children of their own. Young males engage in such behavior much less frequently.
The new work by Sonya M. Kahlenberg and Richard W. Wrangham, described this week in the journal Current Biology, provides the first evidence of a wild non­human species playing with dolls, as well as the first known sex difference in a wild animal’s choice of playthings.
The two researchers say their work adds to a growing body of evidence that human children are probably born with their own ideas of how they want to behave, rather than simply mirroring other girls who play with dolls and boys who play with trucks. Doll play among humans could have its origins in object—carrying by earlier apes (猿类), they say, suggesting that toy selection is probably not due entirely to socialization.
“In humans, there are obvious sex differences in children’s toy play, and these are remarkably similar across cultures,” says Kahlenberg. “While socialization by elders and peers has been the primary explanation, our work suggests that biology may also have an important role to play in activity preferences.”
In 14 years of data on chimpanzee behavior at the Kibale National Park in Uganda, Kahlenberg and Wrangham counted more than 100 examples of stick­carrying. Some young chimpanzees carried sticks into the nest to sleep with them and on one occasion built a separate nest for the stick. “We have seen juveniles occasionally carrying sticks for many years, and because they sometimes treated them rather like dolls, we wanted to know if in general this behavior tended to represent something like playing with dolls,” says Wrangham, a Professor at Harvard. “If the doll hypothesis (假设) was right, we thought that females should carry sticks more than males do, and that the chimpanzees should stop carrying sticks when they had their first child. We have now watched enough young chimpanzees to prove both points.”
【小题1】What does a female chimpanzee do with sticks?

For a long time I saw happiness as a huge banner (旗帜）across the finish line of a long race. I felt that only when I 36 _____ certain things could I finally be happy in my life. Most of the time I felt like a tortoise believing that being slow and 37 _____ would win the race. At other times I would 38 _____ like a rabbit trying different side roads at a dangerous 39 _____ hoping to reach that banner a little faster. 40 _____ , I began to see that no matter how long I raced towards it, the banner was never any 41 _____ I finally decided one day to 42 _____ and take a break. It was then that I saw my 43 _____ sitting beside me.

It had been with me as I 44 _____ hard to support my family, as I played with my children and heard their 45 _____ and even when I was 46 _____ with my wife at my side looking after me. It had been with me as I raced towards that stupid banner. I just didn’t have the 47 _____ to see it.

There is an old Chinese proverb that says, “Tension is what you think you should be. 48 _____ is who you are” Perhaps we all should stop our race towards the 49 _____ life we think we should have and 50 _____ the life we have now. Happiness will never be found under some banner far away. If will be found 51 _____ your own heart, soul and mind. It will be found when you 52 _____ that others love you just as you do.

Don’t be a tortoise or a rabbit when it comes to your happiness. Be a playful puppy and carry your stick of 53 _____ with you everywhere you go. 54 _____ yourself out of the race and realize that when it comes to love and happiness you are 55 _____ there.

1.                A．forgot          B．missed         C．overcame D．accomplished

2.                A．safe           B．steady          C．calm D．quiet

3.                A．act            B．run            C．jump D．walk

4.                A．place          B．height          C．speed    D．time

5.                A．Generally       B．Gradually       C．Unfortunately  D．Firstly

6.                A．clearer         B．lower          C．closer    D．smaller

7.                A．settle in        B．start off         C．stop by   D．sit down

8.                A．happiness       B．goal            C．success   D．friendship

9.                A．studied         B．fought          C．exercised D．worked

10.               A．laughter        B．complaints      C．stories    D．breathing

11.               A．lonely          B．tired           C．sick  D．hungry

12.               A．courage        B．chance         C．wisdom   D．strength

13.               A．Stress          B．Relaxation      C．Failure    D．Pain

14.               A．real           B．perfect         C．common   D．colorful

15.               A．enjoy          B．change         C．improve   D．create

16.               A．from           B．on            C．over  D．in

17.               A．realize         B．believe         C．hope D．admit

18.               A．sorrow         B．responsibility    C．fortune   D．joy

19.               A．Carry          B．Make          C．Push  D．Take

20.               A．never          B．still            C．already    D．ever