阅读理解

　　So much to do, so little time. So much information, so little time to read it. In this age there is more information than ever before. There is not enough time to read everything we want to read. However, you can consume more information in shorter time through speed-reading. This article Will not make you read 3,000 words per minute, but it will show you how to increase your speed significantly. You will also learn the basic techniques of speed-reading.

　　When you first learned to read, you would say the word out loud and sound it out. Then you might whisper the word out loud and sound it out. When you read aloud, the stage you are now at is saying the word in your head. Most people tend to read this way. Saying the word in your head will cut your reading speed greatly.

　　How do you calculate your reading speed? The speed is measured by how many words per minute you can read. Get some reading material, preferably a book. Find out how many words are on the page. Time yourself for one minute. Start your timer and start reading. When the timer stops, stop. If you counted 500 words on the page and you read half of the page, and then you are probably reading at 250 words per minute.

　　The first thing about speed-reading is looking at the word and recognizing it. Don't say the word in your mind, just look at it and recognize its importance. Later you will recognize clumps of four words or more to increase your speed. This is the first and most important step in speed-reading.

　　The next step is technique. As with any other skill, speed-reading requires technique. You should first be sitting up straight with your book flat on a horizontal (水平的) surface, such as a table or a desk. Next, you should be able to see the entire page. This is necessary if you want to recognize clumps of words. Lastly, you should be focused. It is hard to read with a lot of noise. Find a quiet place to read. This will help your understanding of the text.

　　You need something to guide your eyes while reading. That's right. You should use your hand. Remember when you were little, you would read using your finger. That is a great technique, only now you'll use your hand to underline each line. Move your finger smoothly across the page. No need to go rush, start out Slow. Keep your eyes focused on the words as you recognize them while using your hand as a guide. This will increase your speed.

　　The third step is practice. Practice makes perfect. Set time intervals (间歇). Read using different techniques, but make sure you understand what you are reading.

(1)Which of the following statements is true according to the text?

[　　]

A. Now there is limited information than ever before.

B. Now conditions ask people to use less time to know more information.

C. Now people can read what they like.

D. The less you read, the more time you will spend.

(2)What is the subject discussed in the text?

[　　]

A. What speed-reading is.

B. Why we need speed-reading.

C. Now it is much information time.

D. People should practise speed-reading in different kinds of ways.

(3)Which of the following shows the fight way for the speed-reading from the text?

a. Ask for more techniques.

b. Look at many words and recognize them.

c. Practise more.

[　　]

A. c， a， b

B. c， b， a

C. b， a， c

D. a， c， b

(4)The underlined sentence “you should be focused” in the fifth paragraph means that.

________.

[　　]

A. a person should devote his attention to it while reading

B. your feelings will be hurt while reading

C. a person should smooth away difficulties while he reads

D. you should pay attention to your faults while you are reading

(5)To speed up your reading, you should ________.

[　　]

A. sit up straight with your book flat and use something to guide your eyes

B. say every word out loud and sound it out

C. know it is necessary to read quickly

D. underline some important words while you say them

阅读理解

　　So much to do, so little time. So much information, so little time to read it. In this age there is more information than ever before. There is not enough time to read everything we want to read. However, you can consume more information in shorter time through speed-reading. This article Will not make you read 3,000 words per minute, but it will show you how to increase your speed significantly. You will also learn the basic techniques of speed-reading.

　　When you first learned to read, you would say the word out loud and sound it out. Then you might whisper the word out loud and sound it out. When you read aloud, the stage you are now at is saying the word in your head. Most people tend to read this way. Saying the word in your head will cut your reading speed greatly.

　　How do you calculate your reading speed? The speed is measured by how many words per minute you can read. Get some reading material, preferably a book. Find out how many words are on the page. Time yourself for one minute. Start your timer and start reading. When the timer stops, stop. If you counted 500 words on the page and you read half of the page, and then you are probably reading at 250 words per minute.

　　The first thing about speed-reading is looking at the word and recognizing it. Don't say the word in your mind, just look at it and recognize its importance. Later you will recognize clumps of four words or more to increase your speed. This is the first and most important step in speed-reading.

　　The next step is technique. As with any other skill, speed-reading requires technique. You should first be sitting up straight with your book flat on a horizontal (水平的) surface, such as a table or a desk. Next, you should be able to see the entire page. This is necessary if you want to recognize clumps of words. Lastly, you should be focused. It is hard to read with a lot of noise. Find a quiet place to read. This will help your understanding of the text.

　　You need something to guide your eyes while reading. That's right. You should use your hand. Remember when you were little, you would read using your finger. That is a great technique, only now you'll use your hand to underline each line. Move your finger smoothly across the page. No need to go rush, start out Slow. Keep your eyes focused on the words as you recognize them while using your hand as a guide. This will increase your speed.

　　The third step is practice. Practice makes perfect. Set time intervals (间歇). Read using different techniques, but make sure you understand what you are reading.

(1)Which of the following statements is true according to the text?

[　　]

A. Now there is limited information than ever before.

B. Now conditions ask people to use less time to know more information.

C. Now people can read what they like.

D. The less you read, the more time you will spend.

(2)What is the subject discussed in the text?

[　　]

A. What speed-reading is.

B. Why we need speed-reading.

C. Now it is much information time.

D. People should practise speed-reading in different kinds of ways.

(3)Which of the following shows the fight way for the speed-reading from the text?

a. Ask for more techniques.

b. Look at many words and recognize them.

c. Practise more.

[　　]

A. c， a， b

B. c， b， a

C. b， a， c

D. a， c， b

(4)The underlined sentence “you should be focused” in the fifth paragraph means that.

________.

[　　]

A. a person should devote his attention to it while reading

B. your feelings will be hurt while reading

C. a person should smooth away difficulties while he reads

D. you should pay attention to your faults while you are reading

(5)To speed up your reading, you should ________.

[　　]

A. sit up straight with your book flat and use something to guide your eyes

B. say every word out loud and sound it out

C. know it is necessary to read quickly

D. underline some important words while you say them

If you see someone drowning, speed is very important. Once you get him out of the water, if he isn’t breathing, you have four minutes before his brain is completely destroyed. Support his neck, lift his head back and press his chin upwards. This stops the tongue blocking the airway in the throat and is sometimes enough to get him breathing again. If that doesn’t work, start mouth-to-mouth breathing. Press his nostrils (鼻孔)together with your fingers .Open you mouth and take a deep breath. Blow into his lungs until his chest rises, then remove your mouth ,and watch his chest fall. Repeat twelve times a minute. Keep doing until help arrives.

To bring a child back to life, keep your lips around his mouth and nose and gently blow into his mouth. Give the first four breaths as quickly as possible to fill the blood with oxygen. If , in spite of your efforts, he starts turning a blue-grey color, you can feel no pulse(脉搏). Then pressing is the last chance of saving his life.

With arms straight, rock forwards, pressing down on the lower half of the breastbone. Don’t be too hard or you may break a rib (肋骨). Check how effective you are by seeing if his color improves or his pulse becomes independent to your chest pressing. If this happens, stop the pressing. Otherwise continue until rescue arrives.

1.This passage is mainly about __________.      .

A. how to save people out of the water

B. how to give first aid to people who are drowning

C. how to do mouth-to –mouth breathing

D. how to save a child from a river

2.Once you get a drowning man out of the water, if he isn’t breathing, you must first _______. 

A. get him breathing again

B. take him to the nearest hospital as soon as possible

C. find someone to help you

D. call the First Aid Center

3. If the drowning boy has no pulse, ____________.

A. pressing his chin upwards in enough to get him breathing

B. blowing air into his mouth is sure to save his life

C. pressing his nostrils together with your fingers can work

D. pressing is the last chance of saving his life

4.Which of the following statements is true?

A. If a man does not breathe for four minutes, his brain will be completely destroyed.

B. If you see someone drowning, you must give him mouth –to – mouth breathing.

C. Don’t stop pressing his chest, if the drowning man starts breathing again.

D. When pressing, you can do it as hard as you can.

 

NOT all memories are sweet. Some people spend all their lives trying to forget bad experiences. Violence and traffic accidents can leave people with terrible physical and emotional scars. Often they relive these experiences in nightmares.

Now American researchers think they are close to developing a pill, which will help people forget bad memories. The pill is designed to be taken immediately after a frightening experience. They hope it might reduce, or possibly wipe out, the effect of painful memories.

In November, experts tested a drug on people in the US and France. The drug stops the body releasing chemicals that fix memories in the brain. So far the research has suggested that only the emotional effects of memories may be reduced, not that the memories are wiped out. They are not sure to what degree people’s memories are affected.

The research has caused a great deal of argument. Some think it is a bad idea, while others support it.

Supporters say it could lead to pills that prevent or treat soldiers' troubling memories after war.

They say that there are many people who suffer from terrible memories.

"Some memories can ruin people's lives. They come back to you when you don't want to have them in a daydream or nightmare. They usually come with very painful emotions," said Roger Pitman, a professor of psychiatry at Harvard Medical School. "This could relieve a lot of that suffering."

But those who are against the research say that maybe the pills can change people’s memories and changing memories is very dangerous because memories give us our identity. They also help us all avoid the mistakes of the past.

"All of us can think of bad events in our lives that were terrible at the time but make us who we are. I'm not sure we want to wipe those memories out, "said Rebecca Dresser, a medical ethicist.

1.The passage is mainly about               .

A. a new medical invention

B. a new research on the pill

C. a way of wiping out painful memories

D. an argument about the research on the pill

2.The drug tested on people can            .

A. cause the brain to fix memories

B. stop people remembering bad experiences

C. prevent body producing certain chemicals

D. wipe out the emotional effects of memories

3.We can infer from the passage that            .

A. people doubt the effects of the pills

B. the pill will certainly stop people's emotional memories

C. taking the pill will do harm to people's physical health

D. the pill has already been produced and used by the public in America

4.Which of the following does Rebecca Dresser agree with in the last paragraph ?

A. some memories can ruin people's lives.

B. people want to get rid of bad memories.

C. experiencing bad events makes us different from others.

D. the pill will reduce people's sufferings from bad memories.

 

You’re rushing to work and a man ahead of you collapses on the sidewalk. Do you stop to help? In a study of by-standers, it was found that some people avert their gaze and keep on  walking rather than stop and get involved.

“There is a tendency to decide that no action is needed.” says a psychologist. “The first thoughts that pop into your mind often keep you from offering help. In order to take action, you have to work against them.” Here are some common thoughts that might prevent you from helping.

● Why should I be the one? I’m probably not the most competent（有能力的） person in this crowd. You might think someone older or with more medical knowledge should offer assistance.

● What if he doesn’t really need my help? The fear of embarrassment is powerful; no one wants to risk looking foolish in front of others.

● No one else looks concerned- this must not be a problem. We can follow the people around us, but most people tend to hold back their emotions in public.

“If you spot trouble and find yourself explaining inaction, force yourself to stop and evaluate the situation instead of walking on,” says the psychologist. “Then retry to involve other people; you don’t have to take on the entire responsibility of being helpful. Sometimes it’s just a matter of turning to the person next to you and saying, ‘It looks like we should do something.’ Or asking someone if an ambulance has been called and, if not, to call for one. Once you take action, most people will follow you.”

1.Which is NOT the common thought that stops you from helping others?

A．I’m not the very person capable of setting the problem.

B．It looks like we should do something.

C．It must not be a problem as no one else is concerned.

D．He doesn’t really need my help.

2.According to a study of by-standers, what will some people do when a man ahead falls down on the sidewalk?

A．They will call for help and then walk away.

B．They will stop and offer help.

C．They will turn away their eyes and go on walking.

D．They will laugh at him.

3.We learn from the last paragraph that if we spot trouble,          ．

A．we should call the ambulance as soon as we can.

B．we should take on the whole responsibility and do something alone.

C．we should stop and evaluate the situation and try to make other people follow.

D．we should turn to other people and ask them to take on the responsibility

4.In order to offer others your timely help, you need to        ．

A．ask others for help and call the police

B．get along well with the passers-by who spot the trouble

C．go directly to the police station

D．work against the first thoughts that prevent you offering help

5.The main purpose of the text is to tell readers        ．

A．to give others a hand                    B．to be more competent

C．not to risk looking foolish                 D．to stop and evaluate the situation